Estrilda | |
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Black-crowned waxbill (Estrilda nonnula) | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Estrildidae |
Genus: | Estrilda Swainson, 1827 |
Type species | |
Loxia astrild Common waxbill Linnaeus, 1758 |
Estrilda is a genus of estrildid finch in the family Estrildidae.
Most of the genus is found in Africa with one species, the Arabian waxbill, ranging into Asia.
Some species are kept as pets and have been accidentally introduced to various parts of the world.
The genus Estrilda was introduced in 1827 by the English naturalist William John Swainson with the common waxbill as the type species. [1] The name of the genus is from astrild, the specific epithet of the common waxbill that was introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. [2]
The genus contains 11 species: [3]
Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
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![]() | Black-crowned waxbill | Estrilda nonnula | Nigeria and Cameroon to southeast Sudan, west Kenya and northwest Tanzania |
![]() | Black-headed waxbill | Estrilda atricapilla | Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda |
![]() | Kandt's waxbill | Estrilda kandti | central Africa |
![]() | Orange-cheeked waxbill | Estrilda melpoda | Angola, Benin, Bermuda, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, and Zambia |
Anambra waxbill | Estrilda poliopareia | southern Nigeria | |
![]() | Fawn-breasted waxbill | Estrilda paludicola | Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia |
![]() | Common waxbill | Estrilda astrild | Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Nigeria, Namibia, Angola, South Africa, Botswana, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Malawi, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Mozambique, Cameroon |
Black-lored waxbill | Estrilda nigriloris | Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
![]() | Black-rumped waxbill | Estrilda troglodytes | Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France (introduced by Guadeloupe), Gambia, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal (introduced), Puerto Rico, Senegal, Sudan, Togo, Uganda |
![]() | Crimson-rumped waxbill | Estrilda rhodopyga | Burundi, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda |
Arabian waxbill | Estrilda rufibarba | Yemen and southwestern Saudi Arabia | |
The genus formerly contained other species with "waxbill" in their common name that are now placed in the genera Coccopygia , Brunhilda and Glaucestrilda . [3]
The longclaws are a genus, Macronyx, of small African passerine birds in the family Motacillidae.
Estrildidae, or estrildid finches, is a family of small seed-eating passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They comprise species commonly known as munias, mannikins, firefinches, parrotfinches and waxbills. Despite the word "finch" being included in the common names of some species, they are not closely related to birds with this name in other families, such as the Fringillidae, Emberizidae or Passerellidae.
Setophaga is a genus of birds of the New World warbler family Parulidae. It contains at least 34 species. The males in breeding plumage are often highly colorful. The Setophaga warblers are an example of adaptive radiation with the various species using different feeding techniques and often feeding in different parts of the same tree.
The white-throated magpie-jay is a large Central American species of magpie-jay. It ranges in Pacific-slope thorn forest from Jalisco, Mexico, to Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Magpie-jays are noisy, gregarious birds, often traveling in easy-to-find flocks, mobbing their observers.
The common waxbill, also known as the St Helena waxbill, is a small passerine bird belonging to the estrildid finch family. It is native to sub-Saharan Africa but has been introduced to many other regions of the world and now has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 10,000,000 km2. It is popular and easy to keep in captivity.
The cut-throat finch is a common species of estrildid finch found throughout Africa; it is also known as the bearded finch, the ribbon finch, the cut throat, and the weaver finch.
The red-headed finch is a common species of estrildid finch found in Africa. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 1,600,000 km2. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
The fawn-breasted waxbill is a common species of estrildid finch found in central Africa. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 1,800,000 km2. Estrilda paludicola, E. ochrogaster and E. poliopareia have been lumped into E. paludicola.
The black-faced waxbill is a common species of estrildid finch found in southern Africa. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The IUCN has classified the species as being of least concern.
The red-throated parrotfinch is a species of estrildid finch found in New Caledonia. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 20,000 to 50,000 km2.
Amadina is a genus of estrildid finches that are found in Africa.
Fluvicola is a genus of birds in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae.
Tephrodornis is a bird genus in the family Vangidae.
Xiphorhynchus is a genus of birds in the woodcreeper subfamily (Dendrocolaptinae) that are found in Middle and South America.
Pytilia is a genus of small brightly coloured seed-eating birds in the family Estrildidae. They are distributed across Africa.
Parrotfinches are small, colourful passerine birds belonging to the genus Erythrura in the family Estrildidae, the estrildid finches. They occur from South-east Asia to New Guinea, and many Pacific Islands. They inhabit forest, bamboo thickets and grassland and some can be found in man-made habitats such as farmland, parks and gardens. Several species are commonly kept as cagebirds.
Dendroplex is a genus of birds in the woodcreeper subfamily Dendrocolaptinae. It was long merged into Xiphorhynchus, but its distinctness has now been established.
Spermestes is a genus of small seed-eating birds in the family Estrildidae. They are distributed across Sub-Saharan Africa.
Crithagra is a genus of small passerine birds in the finch family (Fringillidae). They live in Africa and Arabia.
Brunhilda is a genus of small seed-eating birds in the waxbill family Estrildidae. The species are found in Sub-Saharan Africa.