| Tulipa kaufmanniana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tulipa kaufmanniana 'Giuseppe Verdi' | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Liliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Lilioideae |
| Tribe: | Lilieae |
| Genus: | Tulipa |
| Species: | T. kaufmanniana |
| Binomial name | |
| Tulipa kaufmanniana | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
Tulipa berkariensisRukšans | |
Tulipa kaufmanniana, the water lily tulip, is a species of tulip native to Central Asia. [2]
The tulip has a short stem, 20–25 cm (8–10 in) long, [3] making it a dwarf tulip. [4]
It has lance shaped leaves which may be plain green, [3] or blue-green. [5] They also often have purple markings on their leaves. [6]
It is one of the earliest tulips to bloom, [3] [4] between February and April. [5]
The funnel-shaped flower, [3] has six pointy petals that open out like a star similar to water lilies, hence the common name. [5] They open very wide on sunny days. [4] They usually have outermost petals with a different colour than interior petals. [6] The long upright petals often have a flushed orange-red, [5] red or purple flush on the back of the petal. [3] Inside the petal, there may be a butter-yellow, [5] or yellow blotch and sometimes with further red markings. [3] There are also red, orange, pink and clear yellow forms too. [5]
After it has flowered it will form seeds. [7]
It is commonly known as the 'Water-lily Tulip'. [8] because the petals of the flower open out like a star or waterlily. [5] [3] [4]
The Latin specific epithet kaufmanniana refers to Konstantin von Kaufman (1818–1882) who was the first Governor-General of Russian Turkestan where the tulip was found.
It was first found in Turkestan, [9] [10] and then published and described by Eduard August von Regel in his botanical magazine 'Gartenflora' Vol.26 on page 194 in 1877. [11] [9] [12] It was also published by Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. Vol.5. on page 265 in 1877. [9]
Tulipa kaufmanniana is native to temperate areas of Central Asia. [12] It has naturalised between southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia from Anatolia and Iran in the west to northeast of China. [7]
It is found in Kyrgyzstan, [12] Tajikistan and in Kazakhstan. [5]
As well as found on the mountains of Tien-Shan, [5] [13] the Pamir and Hindu Kush mountains. [7]
T. kaufmanniana grows in the wild on stony hillsides, [5] and steppes. [7]
They are suitable to be grown in the rock garden, bed and borders. [4] It is suitable for growing in USDA Growing Zones: 3 to 8, in full sun and soils with medium moisture retention or well-drained soils. [10]
Seed germination of the tulip has been studied, and it was concluded that stratification for 7 weeks was more effective treatment on studied traits than 5 weeks. Moreover, cold stratification was a better treatment on breaking seed dormancy of the seeds. [7]
They and their hybrids are placed in Group 12, the Kaufmanniana Group, by the Royal Horticultural Society. [6] Their leaves often have dashes and streaks of purple, which show the influence of Tulipa greigii in the breeding programmes. [3]
It was given the First Class Certification by the Royal Horticultural Society in 1897. [14]
The cultivars 'Ancilla', 'Early Harvest', 'Showwinner' (deep red [5] ) and 'Stresa' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [15] [16] [17] [18] Two other Group 12 cultivars are listed by the RHS as gaining the Award of Garden Merit, 'Alfred Cortot' and 'Glück'. [19] [20]
Other known hybrids include 'Heart's Delight', a soft pink with an orange-yellow eye, the clear yellow 'Chopin' and white 'Concerto'. [5] In America, common cultivars include; 'Ancilla' soft pink, red and white flowers, 'Johann Strauss' rosy red and sulfur yellow blooms and 'Stresa' golden yellow with carmine red flowers. [4]
In the 1960s, a postage stamp in CCCP (Russia), was issued with an image of the tulip. [21] Then in 1993, a postage stamp in Uzbekistan, within the Flowers series was issued with an image of the tulip. [22]
The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair amount of morphological diversity despite genetic similarity. Common characteristics include large flowers with parts arranged in threes: with six colored or patterned petaloid tepals arranged in two whorls, six stamens and a superior ovary. The leaves are linear in shape, with their veins usually arranged parallel to the edges, single and arranged alternating on the stem, or in a rosette at the base. Most species are grown from bulbs, although some have rhizomes. First described in 1789, the lily family became a paraphyletic "catch-all" (wastebasket) group of lilioid monocots that did not fit into other families and included a great number of genera now included in other families and in some cases in other orders. Consequently, many sources and descriptions labelled "Liliaceae" deal with the broader sense of the family.
Alstroemeria, commonly called the Peruvian lily or lily of the Incas, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Alstroemeriaceae. They are all native to South America, although some have become naturalized in the United States, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Almost all of the species are restricted to one of two distinct centers of diversity; one in central Chile, the other in eastern Brazil. Species of Alstroemeria from Chile are winter-growing plants, while those of Brazil are summer growing. All are long-lived perennials except A. graminea, a diminutive annual from the Atacama Desert of Chile.
Tulipa turkestanica, the Turkestan tulip, is a species of tulip native to Central Asia. It was first described by Eduard August von Regel in 1873 as a variety of T. sylvestris, then elevated to full species status two years later.
Tulipa clusiana, the lady tulip, is an Asian species of tulip native to Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and the western Himalayas. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental and is reportedly naturalized in France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Tunisia, Greece, and Turkey.
Tulips are spring-blooming perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes in the Tulipa genus. Tulip flowers are usually large, showy, and brightly coloured, generally red, orange, pink, yellow, or white. They often have a different coloured blotch at the base of the tepals, internally. Because of a degree of variability within the populations and a long history of cultivation, classification has been complex and controversial. The tulip is a member of the lily family, Liliaceae, along with 14 other genera, where it is most closely related to Amana, Erythronium, and Gagea in the tribe Lilieae.
Tulipa humilis is a species of flowering plant in the lily family, found in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Turkey, Iran, and the North Caucasus region of Russia. The flowers are pink with yellow centers. Its preferred habitat are rocky mountain slopes. It is known by several other names in horticulture.
Tulipa suaveolens, synonym Tulipa schrenkii, the van Thol tulip or Schrenck's tulip, is a bulbous herbaceous perennial of species of tulip (Tulipa) in the family of the Liliaceae. It belongs to the section Tulipa. It is the probable wild ancestor of the garden tulip.
Tulipa linifolia, the flax-leaved tulip or Bokhara tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the tulip genus Tulipa, family Liliaceae, native to Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, northern Iran and Afghanistan. Growing to 20 cm (8 in) tall, it is a bulbous perennial with wavy red-margined sword-shaped leaves, and bowl-shaped red flowers in early to mid-spring. Each petal has blackish marks at the base.
Tulipa aleppensis is a wild tulip in the family Liliaceae. It is native to Southeastern Turkey, Syria, near Beirut in Lebanon.
Tulipa eichleri, commonly known as Eichler tulip or Eichler's tulip, is a species of tulip. It is a bulbous flowering perennial with long green leaves,deep red flowers with a central black blotch, coming from the Caucasus Mountains.
Tulipa alberti, or Albert's tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae. It has long reddish, orange or pink flowers. It comes from the mountains of Central Asia.
The taxonomy of Tulipa places the genus in the family Liliaceae, and subdivides it as four subgenera, and comprises about 75 species.
Tulipa orphanidea is a species of flowering plant in the Liliaceae family. It was described by Pierre Edmond Boissier and Theodor Heinrich Hermann von Heldreich (1862).
Tulipa montana is a species of tulip native to the mountains of Iran and Turkmenistan. With its deep red petals it has been proposed as a candidate for the Biblical Rose of Sharon, whose identity is unknown.
Tulipa biflora, the two-flowered tulip, is a species of tulip, native to the former Yugoslavia, Crimea, Anatolia, the Caucasus, southern Russia, Egypt, the Middle East, Central Asia, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Xinjiang in China. It has many synonyms, including Tulipa polychroma.
Tulipa fosteriana is a species of tulip, native to the Pamir Mountains and nearby areas of Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
Tulipa greigii, is a species of tulip native to Central Asia and Iran.
Tulipa praestans is a species of tulip native to the mountains of Tajikistan. Many well known cultivars have been formed from the original plant.
Tulipa bifloriformis is a species of tulip native to Central Asia. Its dwarfed 'Starlight' cultivar has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.