Typhoon Nepartak (2003)

Last updated September 08, 2024

Map key

Saffir–Simpson scale

Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
Unknown

Storm type

Tropical cyclone

Subtropical cyclone

Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Nepartak originated in a region of strong thunderstorm activity, associated with a broad trough of low surface pressure, which was situated around 640 km (400 mi) southeast of Guam by 0000 UTC on November 11.^[1]^[3] With weak wind shear and modest divergence of air over the system, it began to mature, although initially the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)^{[nb 2]} downplayed the potential for tropical cyclogenesis. Over the next several hours, a low-level circulation center became evident and convection organized around it, prompting the JTWC to issue an updated outlook.^[1] At 1800 UTC, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)^{[nb 3]} classified the storm as a tropical depression while it was located northeast of Yap in the Caroline Islands.^[5] The JTWC issued a tropical cyclone formation alert for the system at 2030 UTC, and designated it Tropical Depression 25W at 1200 UTC on November 12.^[3] The system intensified gradually as it began to track quickly westward toward the Philippines.^[1]

The depression had found its way to the southwestern quadrant of a large anticyclone aloft, allowing for continued strengthening. Both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm midday on November 12,^[1]^[3] when it gained the name Nepartak from the JMA. Simultaneously, the cyclone entered the area of responsibility of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, which named it Tropical Storm Weng.^[6] Meteorologically, the storm began to exhibit improved outflow and deepening convection as it neared the central Philippines.^[1] At around 1600 UTC on November 13, Nepartak made landfall on northern Samar Island in the Philippines before traversing the remainder of the archipelago from east to west.^[5] The cyclone emerged into the South China Sea briefly weakened and with reduced forward motion, but quickly resumed its intensification trend as it turned more toward the northwest.^[1] Shortly thereafter—at 0000 UTC on November 15—the JTWC further upgraded 25W to a typhoon.^[3]

Continuing generally toward the west-northwest under steering currents from a mid-level ridge to its north, Nepartak maintained its windspeeds throughout the day. With an improving appearance on satellite imagery, however, the storm gained some additional strength, and the JTWC estimated 25W to have attained its first peak intensity with maximum 1‑minute sustained winds of 140 km/h (87 mph) at 0000 UTC on November 16.^[3] Later that day, the JMA determined Nepartak to have reached maximum 10-minute winds of 120 km/h (75 mph), placing it at typhoon status. The cyclonic envelope began to ingest dry air from its surroundings, and convection began to wane, leading to slight weakening as the storm approached the island of Hainan. A shortwave trough soon cut a weakness in the mid-level ridge which had previously suppressed Nepartak to the south, allowing the cyclone to curve north and enhancing outflow over the storm. By late on November 17, a small eye feature about 19 km (12 mi) in diameter had formed, and at 0000 UTC the next day it was situated just offshore southwestern Hainan.^[1]

The cyclone's 1-minute winds increased once again to 140 km/h, marking its second and final peak at 0000 UTC on November 18.^[1] The JMA, however, maintained Nepartak as a severe tropical storm.^[3] The JTWC indicated that 25W made a second landfall on the coast of Hainan,^[3] although the JMA did not make such mention, implying Nepartak's center remained over the Gulf of Tonkin.^[5] Regardless, the cyclone's circulation had obscured most of Hainan and the Gulf of Tonkin and reached into adjacent Vietnam, and its forward speed slowed to a crawl. Extended interaction with land proved detrimental to the storm, and it began to rapidly disintegrate. Just 18 hours after its final bout of strengthening, Nepartak had been reduced to an exposed circulation center with no associated thunderstorms.^[1] Turning toward the northeast, the system had been concurrently downgraded to a tropical depression by the JTWC and JMA early on November 19.^[3]^[5] The weak remnant low of Nepartak limped ashore over Beihai, China at 1900 UTC and dissipated shortly thereafter.^[1]

Impact

On its first landfall, the tropical storm buffeted the eastern-central Philippines with damaging winds gusting up to 160 km/h (99 mph), heavy rainfall, and rough seas. At least 20 provinces experienced adverse or dangerous weather, with the worst conditions concentrated over the islands of Samar and Masbate.^[7] While structural and crop damages were limited, local infrastructure and transportation suffered the greatest.^[8] Nepartak's winds caused complete power outages on Samar, Masbate, and nearby Marinduque, affecting their entire collective population of nearly four million individuals.^[9] Many schools were closed. The storm forced the cancellation of nearly two dozen domestic flights to and from the region,^[8] and at least 120 ferries and other vessels sought shelter in ports around the Manila, Bicol, and Visayas regions. On those ships were more than 5,000 people who became stranded until safe passage could be made.^[10] By November 15, five deaths had been confirmed in the Philippines, four the result of electrocutions from downed powerlines.^[10]^[11] Immediately following the disaster, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo made assisting the stranded passengers in coastal ports a priority.^[11] According to the PAGASA in its post-storm report, a total of 13 people died, 5 others remained unaccounted for, and 11 sustained injuries.^[6] One newspaper reported that a motorized craft in the Tañon Strait capsized at the height of the storm, forcing the rescue of 11 people.^[10] Another source also describes the sinking of a boat with at least 13 survivors and one fatality.^[12] It is not clear whether these accounts cover the same incident.

Nepartak inflicted widespread destruction on Hainan, including damage to farms and buildings. Most of the island was subject to strong winds and torrential rains, but the storm helped to relieve one of the worst summer droughts in almost 65 years.^[3] Due to the danger, shipping was halted in the Qiongzhou Strait between November 16 and 19.^[13] Nepartak impacted at least 1.72 million people on Hainan, compromised infrastructure, and impeded industry. The storm halted the operation of mines and rendered 72 highways temporarily unusable. Crops suffered extensively; 64,000 ha (160,000 acres ) of fields were damaged, reducing grain production by as much as 3,200 tons. In addition, 400 head of livestock were lost to the typhoon.^[14] With about 800 homes destroyed, damage on Hainan amounted to $197 million (2003 USD), and no fatalities were reported.^[1]^[3] Following the storm, a young male sperm whale weighing over 500 kg (1,100 lb) washed ashore near Dongfang City on the island's southern shore, and died shortly after. Biologists speculated that the whale's demise may have been related to typhoon, although this was not confirmed.^[15]

By the time the storm had begun to abate over Hainan, it was already nearly dissipated, and as a result produced few, if any, noticeable effects in mainland China. Across the Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam had experienced deadly flooding in the week before Nepartak's approach, and the typhoon initially raised concerns about worsening the situation. Officials made preparations to minimize potentially exacerbating factors,^[16] and the cyclone remained far enough east to avoid seriously impacting the country.^[1]

Notes

↑ The Japan Meteorological Agency uses 10-minute sustained winds, while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center uses 1-minute sustained winds. The conversion factor between the two is 1.14.^[2]
↑ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.^[4]
↑ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.^[5]

Related Research Articles

The 2003 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average yearlong period of tropical cyclogenesis exhibiting the development of 45 tropical depressions, of which 21 became named storms; of those, 14 became typhoons. Though every month with the exception of February and March featured tropical activity, most storms developed from May through October. During the season, tropical cyclones affected the Philippines, Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula, Indochina, and various islands in the western Pacific.

Typhoon Mike, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ruping, of 1990 was the strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines since Typhoon Irma in 1981 and Typhoon Nina in 1987. Forming from an area of persistent convection over the Caroline Islands, Mike was first designated on November 6, 1990 and moved generally westward. Later that day, the depression strengthened to Tropical Storm Mike near Yap. Mike became a typhoon early on November 9, and subsequently entered a period of rapid deepening. Late on November 10, the typhoon reached its maximum intensity of 115 mph (185 km/h), as estimated by the Japanese Meteorological Agency. After weakening slightly, Mike made landfall in the central Philippines. The storm weakened considerably due to land interaction, only to briefly re-intensify on November 14. Typhoon Mike turned west-northwest and later north-northwest, avoiding land interaction with Vietnam. Vertical wind shear increased, and on November 15, Mike weakened below typhoon intensity. Early the next day, the storm passed over western Hainan Island, and degraded to a tropical depression that night. After briefly emerging into the Gulf of Tonkin, Mike passed over Northern Vietnam and southern China, where it dissipated on November 18.

Typhoon Nina, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Sisang, was the most intense typhoon to strike the Philippines since Typhoon Irma in 1981. Typhoon Nina originated from an area of convection near the Marshall Islands in mid-November 1987. It gradually became better organized, and on November 19, was first classified as a tropical cyclone. Moving west-northwest, Nina attained tropical storm intensity that evening. Late on November 20, Nina passed through the Chuuk Lagoon in the Federated States of Micronesia. After a brief pause in intensification, Nina intensified into a typhoon on November 22. Two days later, the typhoon intensified suddenly, before attaining its peak 10 minute intensity of 165 km/h. During the afternoon of November 25, Nina moved ashore in Southern Luzon at the same intensity. It gradually weakened over land, before entering the South China Sea and turning to the north. By November 30, Nina dissipated.

Typhoon Dot, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Saling, was the strongest storm of the 1985 season. Dot originated from a small area of thunderstorm activity in early to mid October. The system was first classified on October 11, and steadily intensified over the next few days. Dot attained typhoon strength on October 15, and subsequently entered a period of explosive deepening, which was not anticipated by forecasters. The next day the intensification rate slowed, but that evening, Dot attained its maximum intensify. A steady weakening trend began on October 17, though the system maintained typhoon intensity through the passage of the Philippines. After entering the South China Sea late on October 18, Dot briefly re-intensified, only to weaken as it approached Vietnam. On October 21, Dot struck Vietnam while still a typhoon, but dissipated the next day over the high terrain of the nation.

Typhoon Utor, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Seniang, swept through the central Philippines in December 2006, exacerbating the damage left behind by previous Philippine typhoon strikes that year. Residual moisture from the tropical cyclone indirectly contributed to extensive flooding in Malaysia. Utor originated from an area of disturbed weather that organized into a tropical depression on December 7 west-southwest of Yap. The cyclone steadily progressed westward while gradually intensifying, reaching tropical storm intensity late on December 7. On December 9 and the ensuing two days, Utor crossed the central Philippines and reached typhoon strength before weakening somewhat upon entry into the South China Sea. Reintensification ensued afterwards, and Utor reached its peak intensity on December 13 with maximum sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph) shortly after regaining typhoon strength. However, wind shear and dry air began to take its toll on Utor thereafter, quickly weakening the storm until its dissipation on December 15.

Typhoon Dan, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Saling, was the third of a series of tropical cyclones that impacted the Philippines and Vietnam in October 1989. The storm developed on October 6, and tracked generally westward throughout its course. After crossing Luzon, the typhoon emerged into the South China Sea and reached its peak intensity, with sustained 10-minute winds of 140 km/h (85 mph), 1-minute winds of 130 km/h (80 mph), and a minimum barometric pressure of 960 millibars. The storm moved ashore in central Vietnam and dissipated after moving inland. The storm caused extensive damage throughout its course. In the Philippines, Dan left hundreds of thousands homeless and killed 58 people. Power outages were extensive in the Manila region. In Vietnam, the storm's high winds and heavy rains caused extensive damage and loss of life. More than 500,000 structures were damaged or destroyed and at least 43 people were killed across the country.

Typhoon Amy, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Gening, was the second typhoon to strike China in a week during mid-July 1991. An area of convection was first observed on July 13 within the vicinity of Yap. A tropical depression developed the next day. While initially tracking westward, the system slowly deepened, becoming Tropical Storm Amy on July 16. After briefly turning northwestward, Amy intensified into a typhoon on July 17. Continuing to intensify as it tracked through the Luzon Strait, Amy reached its peak intensity of 175 km/h (110 mph) on July 18. That evening, the typhoon began to show signs of weakening, although it was still believed to have been a typhoon when it made landfall in the province of Guangdong on July 19, becoming the strongest tropical cyclone to hit the province in 22 years. Once inland, the storm rapidly weakened, and by late on July 20, had dissipated completely.

Typhoon Clara, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Rubing, left flooding in the northern Philippines and southern China during September 1981. An area of disturbed weather was first detected on September 11 near Ponape. After moving westward, the system gradually became better organized and thunderstorm activity increased. On September 16, the system attained tropical storm status. Two days later, Clara attained typhoon intensity and subsequently began to deepen at a faster rate. On September 19, Clara reached maximum intensity, before making landfall along the northern tip of Luzon. Clara steadily weakened after interacting with land, but by late on September 20, Clara leveled off in intensity over the South China Sea. The next day, Clara moved ashore to the east-northeast of Hong Kong while still at typhoon intensity before rapidly dissipating over land.

Typhoon Higos was, at that time, considered the third strongest typhoon to affect Tokyo since World War II. The 21st named storm of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season, Higos developed on September 25 east of the Northern Marianas Islands. It tracked west-northwestward for its first few days, steadily intensifying into a powerful typhoon by September 29. Higos subsequently weakened and turned to the north-northeast toward Japan, making landfall in that country's Kanagawa Prefecture on October 1. It weakened while crossing Honshu, and shortly after striking Hokkaidō, Higos became extratropical on October 2. The remnants passed over Sakhalin and dissipated on October 4.

Typhoon Rammasun, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Florita, was the first of four typhoons to contribute to heavy rainfall and deadly flooding in the Philippines in July 2002. The fifth tropical cyclone of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season, Rammasun developed around the same time as Typhoon Chataan, only further to the west. The storm tracked northwestward toward Taiwan, and on July 2 it attained its peak intensity with winds of 155 km/h (96 mph). Rammasun turned northward, passing east of Taiwan and China. In Taiwan, the outer rainbands dropped rainfall that alleviated drought conditions. In China, the rainfall occurred after previously wet conditions, resulting in additional flooding, although damage was less than expected; there was about $85 million in crop and fishery damage in one province.

Tropical Storm Vongfong affected China after a deadly flood season. The 14th named storm of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season, Vongfong developed as a tropical depression on August 10. Initially it was disorganized due to hostile conditions, and it failed to intensify significantly before crossing the Philippine island of Luzon. There, flooding forced 3,500 people to evacuate their homes. In the Philippines, the storm killed 35 people and caused $3.3 million in damage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Wayne (1983)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1983

Typhoon Wayne, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Katring, was an intense tropical cyclone that brought significant flooding to the Philippines in July 1983. The typhoon originated from an area of disturbed weather that formed far from land towards the end of July. Late on July 22, Wayne developed gale-force winds while moving west. The next day, it was estimated to have become a typhoon, and Wayne subsequently entered a period of rapid deepening. During the morning hours of July 24, the typhoon was estimated to have reached its peak intensity of 205 km/h (125 mph), but soon began to weaken due to interaction with land. By the time it moved ashore in southern China on July 25, Wayne had weakened considerably. After moving inland, Wayne weakened rapidly. The following day, Wayne was no longer a tropical cyclone.

Severe Tropical Storm Tess known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Welpring was the second of three tropical cyclones to directly impact the Philippines in a two-week time frame in 1988. An area of disturbed weather near the Philippines was first observed on November 1. Following an increase in organization, the disturbance was designated as a tropical cyclone on November 4. Moving west, Tess steadily strengthened due to favorable conditions aloft. During the evening of November 5, Tess was estimated to have achieved its highest intensity, with winds of 115 km/h (70 mph). Rapid weakening then ensured as Tess neared Vietnam, and after making landfall in the country on November 6, Tess dissipated the next day.

Typhoon Cary, known as Typhoon Ising in the Philippines, was the second of two tropical cyclones to affect Vietnam in a week. An area of disturbed weather developed southwest of Pohnpei on August 6, 1987. The system initially remained disorganized, but by August 14, Cary had attained tropical storm intensity. After initially moving north-northwest, Cary turned west-northwest, although intensification was slow to occur. On August 15, Cary was upgraded into a typhoon, and on August 17, the typhoon peaked in intensity. Typhoon Cary then made landfall in northern Luzon while at peak intensity. Across the Philippines, 954 houses were damaged and an additional 89 were destroyed, which left 55,567 people, or 13,247 families that were either homeless or otherwise sought shelter. Five people died in the country while damage totaled $5.58 million (1987 USD), including $1.45 million from agriculture and $4.13 million from infrastructure. The storm weakened over land, but re-intensified into a typhoon over the South China Sea. On August 21, Typhoon Cary passed just south of Hainan, where hundreds of homes were damaged but no fatalities occurred, and subsequently entered the Gulf of Tonkin. The storm weakened as it approached Vietnam, and on August 23, the storm dissipated inland over Laos. Across Vietnam, almost 40,000 ha of land were flooded or destroyed. Twenty people were killed and many others were injured.

Typhoon Agnes, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Undang, was the fourth final tropical cyclone to affect the Philippines during the 1984 Pacific typhoon season. An area of disturbed weather developed near the equator and the Caroline Islands on October 28. Following an increase in organization, the cyclone was designated a tropical storm on October 31. After tracking northwest initially, Agnes turned west-northwest the next day, a course that the system would maintain for the rest of its lifetime. Agnes intensified into a typhoon on November 2, and on November 4, attained peak intensity. The storm then made landfall on Samar Island, part of the Philippines, at that intensity. The storm weakened over land, but re-intensified over the South China Sea; Agnes obtained a secondary peak intensity on November 6. The next day, Typhoon Agnes moved ashore Vietnam while still at typhoon intensity. The storm rapidly deteriorated over land and dissipated by November 8 over Thailand.

Typhoon Betty, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Aring, was the strongest typhoon to strike the Philippines in ten years. An area of disturbed weather developed on October 27, 1980, near Truk Atoll. After turning east from south, the disturbance was classified as a tropical storm on October 29 as it passed near Guam, causing only minor damage. Following a turn to the west-northwest, Betty attained typhoon intensity the next day. On November 4, Betty peaked in intensity. Later that day, Betty moved ashore over Luzon, introducing a rapid weakening trend. Over land, Betty then began to turn north due to a weakening subtropical ridge to its north and a trough offshore Taiwan. By November 8, Betty, after moving offshore, had completed its transition into an extratropical cyclone, and dissipated that same day.

Typhoon Faith, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Norming, struck both the Philippines and Vietnam during December 1998. A tropical disturbance developed within the vicinity of the western Caroline Islands during early December. At midday on December 8, the system developed into a tropical depression. Tracking northwest at a brisk pace, the depression gradually intensified, and was upgraded into a tropical storm at noon on December 9. Quickly intensifying, Faith turned to the west-northwest, and after tracking near Samar Island on the evening of December 10, Faith attained typhoon intensity. After clipping the northern tip of Palawan Island, the typhoon entered the South China Sea at peak intensity. Across the Philippines, 33 people were killed, with 30 others wounded and 36 others listed missing. A total of 6,423 homes were damaged and 3,234 houses were destroyed, leaving more than 20,000 homeless. Damage was estimated at $25.9 million, with $6.82 million from crops, $15.9 million from public infrastructure, and $3.37 million from private infrastructure.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Warren</span> Pacific typhoon in 1988

Typhoon Warren, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Huaning, struck the Philippines and China during July 1988. An area of disturbed weather developed within the vicinity of the Caroline Islands during the second week of July. A tropical depression developed southeast of Guam on July 12, and on the next day, intensified into a tropical storm. Tracking generally west-northwest, Warren deepened into a typhoon on July 14. The storm subsequently entered a period of rapid intensification, commencing with Warren reaching its highest intensity on July 16. The following evening, the typhoon brushed Luzon, resulting in a weakening trend, although Warren was still a typhoon when it made landfall near Shantou. Warren rapidly dissipated inland.

Typhoon Eli, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Konsing, struck the Philippines and Hainan during mid-July 1992. A weak low pressure system developed in the Philippine Sea on July 7, which became a tropical depression on the next day. The depression tracked west-northwest and strengthened into a tropical storm on July 10. After turning more westward, Eli steadily intensified, and obtained typhoon intensity that evening. The storm attained its highest intensity of 130 km/h (80 mph) early on July 11 before striking northern Luzon. After entering the South China Sea, the storm maintained most of its intensity as it approached Hainan, although agencies disagree on how precisely strong it was. After passing through Hainan late on July 13, Eli passed through the Gulf of Tonkin on the next day before striking Vietnam, where Eli quickly dissipated.

Typhoon Zeke, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Etang, was the first of two typhoons to make landfall in China within a week during mid-July 1991. An area of disturbed weather developed east of the Philippines towards the end of the first week of July. Tracking west-northwestward, the disturbance organized into a tropical depression on July 9. After tracking across the Philippines, where it left two people missing and injured three others, the depression intensified into a tropical storm on July 10. The storm steadily deepened as it moved across the South China Sea, and on July 12 it strengthened into a typhoon. While at its peak intensity of 120 km/h (75 mph), Zeke moved onshore at Hainan, where it began to weaken. The system tracked across Vietnam on July 13, and dissipated within two days after moving inland.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Gary Padgett (2003). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary, November 2003" . Retrieved January 31, 2013.
↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2005). "Frequently Asked Questions". Archived from the original on 2013-09-01. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2003 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). United States Navy. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
↑ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved February 1, 2013.
1 2 3 4 5 Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2003 (PDF) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. 8. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
1 2 Tropical Storm Weng (Report). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
↑ "Four people killed in storm in Philippines". Deutsche Presse-Agentur. November 13, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
1 2 "Four dead as tropical storm Nepartak pounds central Philippines". Agence France Presse. November 14, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
↑ "Tropical storm Nepartak pounds central Philippines". Agence France Presse. November 14, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
1 2 3 "Four killed, thousands stranded by storm in central Philippines". Associated Press. November 14, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
1 2 "Tropical storm leaves Philippines, kills five people". Deutsche Presse-Agentur. November 15, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
↑ "Ship sinking survivors". BusinessWorld. November 19, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
↑ "Shipping resumed across Qiongzhou Strait as typhoon passes by Hainan". Xinhua. November 19, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
↑ "Typhoon Nepartak causes heavy losses to southern China's Hainan island". Agence France Presse. November 20, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
↑ "Stranded sperm whale confirmed dead". Xinhua. November 24, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
↑ "Vietnam mops up after deadly floods as new storm advances". Agence France Presse. November 17, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

External links

JMA General Information of Typhoon Nepartak (0320) from Digital Typhoon
JMA Best Track Data of Typhoon Nepartak (0320) (in Japanese)
JMA Best Track Data (Graphics) of Typhoon Nepartak (0320)
JMA Best Track Data (Text)
JTWC Best Track Data Archived 2018-09-25 at the Wayback Machine of Typhoon 25W (Nepartak)
25W.NEPARTAK Archived 2021-12-09 at the Wayback Machine from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

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[3] The Japan Meteorological Agency uses 10-minute sustained winds, while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center uses 1-minute sustained winds. The conversion factor between the two is 1.14.^[2]

[6] The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.^[4]

[8] The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.^[5]

[gp-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Gary Padgett (2003). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary, November 2003" . Retrieved January 31, 2013.

[windchange-2] Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2005). "Frequently Asked Questions". Archived from the original on 2013-09-01. Retrieved 2006-07-23.

[jtwc-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2003 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). United States Navy. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.

[5] "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved February 1, 2013.

[jma-7] 1 2 3 4 5 Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2003 (PDF) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. 8. Retrieved January 31, 2013.

[philippine-9] 1 2 Tropical Storm Weng (Report). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original on April 16, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2013.

[provinces-10] "Four people killed in storm in Philippines". Deutsche Presse-Agentur. November 13, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

[electricity1-11] 1 2 "Four dead as tropical storm Nepartak pounds central Philippines". Agence France Presse. November 14, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

[outages-12] "Tropical storm Nepartak pounds central Philippines". Agence France Presse. November 14, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

[electricity-13] 1 2 3 "Four killed, thousands stranded by storm in central Philippines". Associated Press. November 14, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

[ports-14] 1 2 "Tropical storm leaves Philippines, kills five people". Deutsche Presse-Agentur. November 15, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

[15] "Ship sinking survivors". BusinessWorld. November 19, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

[xinhua-16] "Shipping resumed across Qiongzhou Strait as typhoon passes by Hainan". Xinhua. November 19, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

[17] "Typhoon Nepartak causes heavy losses to southern China's Hainan island". Agence France Presse. November 20, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

[18] "Stranded sperm whale confirmed dead". Xinhua. November 24, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

[19] "Vietnam mops up after deadly floods as new storm advances". Agence France Presse. November 17, 2003. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)

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v t e Tropical cyclones of the 2003 Pacific typhoon season
	TS Yanyan VSTY Kujira TD TD TD Batibot TD TD VSTY Chan-hom STS Linfa STS Nangka TY Soudelor TD Falcon VSTY Imbudo STS Koni TD Ineng TS Morakot TD TD VSTY Etau TY Krovanh TD TD TS Vamco TD Lakay TD TD TY Dujuan TD TD VITY Maemi TD TD TD TD TD 23W TD Quiel TY Choi-wan TY Koppu TD TD TD 18W TD 19W TD TD VSTY Ketsana VSTY Parma TD 23W TD Ursula STS Melor TY Nepartak TD TD TD TD VSTY Lupit TD TD TD Zigzag
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