Corsair III (American Steam Yacht, 1898) prior to her World War I Naval service. Built in 1898 for financier J.P. Morgan, this yacht served as USS Corsair (SP-159) during World War I and as USS Oceanographer (AGS-3) during World War II
From her launch in 1898 to 1930,she had been Corsair III,a private steam yacht of AmericanindustrialistJ. P. Morgan,[1] except for a brief period during World War I. During that conflict,the United States Navy chartered her as patrol vessel USS Corsair (SP-159). She accompanied the American Expeditionary Force to France in 1917 and patrolled off the west coast of that country.
After putting in for needed repairs in June 1944,Oceanographer,after further inspection,was instead decommissioned in September and broken up for scrap.
Corsair was chartered by the Navy 15 May 1917;commissioned the same day and reported to the Atlantic Fleet.
With America's first convoy. The troop ships are the Henderson,Antilles,Momus and Lenape.
Corsair sailed from New York 14 June 1917 with the first contingent of the American Expeditionary Force to France,arriving at Saint-Nazaire 27 June. On 2 July she stood out to join the U.S. Patrol Squadrons operating against enemy submarines and performing escort and patrol duties off the west coast of France. She crossed the war zone many times on convoy escort,and rescued survivors of torpedoed vessels. On 17 October 1917,she assisted the torpedoed United States ArmytransportAntilles,picked up many of her survivors,and searched for the submarine which had attacked her. On 22 June 1918,she rescued the survivors of Navy cargo ship Californian,which had struck a mine,and adding to her outstanding rescue record,between 12 and 14 September,towed the disabled Norwegian steamer Dagfin into Verdon.
Corsair cleared Brest 18 November 1918,for operations in British waters,calling at Rosyth,Scotland,and Queenstown,Ireland,serving from time to time as flagship for Commander,U.S. Naval Forces in European Waters. She put in at Plymouth 7 May 1919 to embark Secretary of the NavyJosephus Daniels and his staff for transportation to Brest,sailing with them 8 May and arriving the same day. The dignitaries disembarked 9 May,and Corsair sailed the next day for New York by way of the Azores and Bermuda,arriving 28 May. Corsair was returned to her owner 9 June 1919,once again becoming the private yacht Corsair III.
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey career
USC&GS Oceanographer
On 2 January 1930,the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey acquired Corsair III as a donation from J. P. Morgan,Jr. with the stipulation the ship be used for Coast and Geodetic Survey work.[4][note 1] At the time of the donation J. P. Morgan,Jr. was having Corsair IV built with launch at Bath Iron Works on 10 April 1930.[5]
Classified as an "ocean survey ship" and renamed USC&GS Oceanographer (OSS-26),the vessel operated along the United States East Coast during her career with the Survey. Her first survey was of the coastline east of Pensacola,Florida,followed by movement to northern waters in May 1930 for summer work on the Georges Bank.[6] On 3 September 1930,she ran aground on the Lobster Rocks at Islesboro,Maine,[7] but she was refloated and repaired and returned to service.
On 23 August 1933,[8]Oceanographer and the Coast and Geodetic Survey steamersUSC&GS Lydonia and USC&GS Gilbert handled considerable radio traffic for Norfolk,Virginia,during the 1933 Chesapeake–Potomac hurricane,which struck the city on that date and set records for high water levels. Oceanographer's commanding officer,H.A. Seran,reported that the ship's radio plant was for a time during the height of the hurricane the only means of communication from Norfolk to points outside;during this time,Oceanographer handled all radio traffic for the U.S. Navy,as well as for commercial companies.
In January 1937,crewmembers of Oceanographer and Lydonia were detached to man Coast and Geodetic Survey launches under the direction of the Red Cross during flood relief efforts at Kenova,West Virginia.
On 7 April 1942,Oceanographer was transferred to the U.S. Navy at Norfolk for World War II service
World War II
Oceanographer was acquired by the Navy from the Coast and Geodetic Survey at Norfolk,Virginia,on 7 April 1942 for World War II service in the inshore patrol in the Fifth Naval District,[9] briefly renamed Natchez (PG-85);renamed Oceanographer (AGS-3);rerigged and outfitted at Norfolk Shipbuilding and Drydock Co. for survey duty;and commissioned 15 August. Work was completed 28 August and Comdr. Henry B. Campbell,USCGS,assumed command,with Lt. Comdr. Myron W. Graybill,USN,as Executive Officer.
Oceanographer returned to Seattle 25 December 1942 for additional repairs. After towing an aircraft transportation lighter from Seattle to San Francisco,she was assigned to the Matson Navigation Co. for repairs. Comdr. Graybill assumed command 2 March 1943 and the following day Oceanographer got underway for Pearl Harbor,where sound gear was installed and necessary alterations made.
The survey ship departed Pearl Harbor escorting several LSTs and plotted a course for Nouméa,New Caledonia. As her first war zone assignment she surveyed Havannah Passage,New Caledonia. Upon completion of the Havannah Passage charts the ship made three other surveys in the vicinity of Nouméa,erecting numerous beacons and planting many buoys. On 1 November she proceeded to Guadalcanal via Espiritu Santo to produce charts of that island's northern coast. She also surveyed Munda Bar and neighboring anchorages at Munda,New Georgia,British Solomon Islands. At various times submarine chasers and APCs assisted in the surveys and dispatched triangulation parties to islands in the vicinity.
During her sixteen months in the South Pacific,Oceanographer produced fifteen charts,each requiring from one to three million soundings. Much of the data compiled was the first of any accuracy for the area,and it contributed greatly to the success of many amphibious operations.
Ordered to Pearl Harbor 3 June 1944 for badly needed repairs,she was sent on to San Pedro,California 27 June. Upon completion of arrival inspection,it was decided to decommission and scrap her. Oceanographer decommissioned 22 September,was struck from the Navy Vessel Register 14 October,and,in accordance with the agreement executed with J. P. Morgan,Jr.,broken up for scrap.
Commemoration
In recognition of her survey work off the U.S. East Coast,the underwater features Oceanographer Canyon (a canyon in the Atlantic Ocean off the Gulf of Maine on the slope of the Georges Bank[10]) and Corsair Canyon –the latter name derived from her name as a World War I U.S. Navy patrol vessel and private yacht prior to her Coast and Geodetic Survey career –are named for Oceanographer.
↑ C&GS references use the name Corsair II yet show a build date consistent with the third ship of that name rather than the earlier (1891) vessel.
Related Research Articles
USC&GS Oceanographer was the name of two ships of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, and may refer to:
The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey was the first scientific agency of the United States Government. It existed from 1807 to 1970, and throughout its history was responsible for mapping and charting the coast of the United States, and later the coasts of U.S. territories. In 1871, it gained the additional responsibility of surveying the interior of the United States and geodesy became a more important part of its work, leading to it being renamed the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1878.
USC&GS A. D. Bache (1901-1927), often referred to only as Bache, continued the name of the Bache of 1871 and has been confused, including in the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, with that ship even though an entirely new hull and boiler were built in 1901 and only the name and some machinery and instruments were transferred to the new hull. The Bache of 1901 was transferred to the U.S. Navy for World War I service between 24 September 1917 through 21 June 1919 when she was returned to the Coast and Geodetic Survey.
The fifth USS Ranger (SP-237) was United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919.
USS Lydonia (SP-700) was United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 that saw service during World War I. Prior to her U.S. Navy service, she had been William A. Lydon's private yacht, Lydonia II, from 1912 to 1917. She spent most of the war based at Gibraltar, escorting and protecting Allied ships in the Mediterranean and along the Atlantic Ocean coast of Europe. After her U.S. Navy service ended, she served from 1919 to 1947 in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey as the coastal survey ship USCGS Lydonia (CS-302).
USC&GS Pioneer was a survey ship that served in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1922 to 1941. She was the first ship of the Coast and Geodetic Survey to bear the name.
USC&GS Natoma was built as the private motorboat Natoma in 1913 for Charles H. Foster, President of the Cadillac Motor Car Company of Chicago. In 1917 the United States Navy acquired the boat for use in World War I. The vessel was commissioned USS Natoma for Section Patrol duties and designated SP-666. Natoma spent the war years patrolling New York harbor and approaches. On 9 April 1919 the boat was transferred to United States Coast and Geodetic Survey surveying on both coasts until 1935.
USC&GS Eagre was a survey ship of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey which later served in the United States Navy as USS Eagre. She originally was the yacht Mohawk,
USS Elsie III (SP-708) was a United States Navy patrol vessel in commission from 1917 to 1919 that saw service during World War I. After the completion of her U.S. Navy career, she was in commission in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey as the survey launch USC&GS Elsie III from 1919 to 1944.
USC&GS Ranger was a steamer that served in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1919 to 1930 or 1931.
USC&GS Isis was a survey ship that served in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1915 to 1917 and from 1919 to 1920.
The second USC&GS Guide was a survey ship that served in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1941 to 1942.
USC&GS Mikawe was a United States Coast and Geodetic Survey launch in commission from 1920 to 1939.
USC&GS Gilbert was a launch that served as a survey ship in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1930 to 1962.
USS Onward (SP-311), a former yacht named Galatea and then Ungava was a patrol yacht acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War I. She was transferred to the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey where she served briefly until return to the Navy for a brief time before her disposal by sale. She was renamed Thelma Phoebe.
The first USC&GS Explorer was a steamer that served as a survey ship in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1904 to 1939 except for a brief time in United States Navy service from 1918 to 1919 for patrol duty in Alaskan waters as USS Explorer during World War I. After initial service along the United States East Coast and off Puerto Rico, the ship transferred to Seattle, Washington in 1907 to begin survey work in Alaskan waters during summer and more southern waters along the United States West Coast in winter. On her return from the Navy in 1919, the ship was condemned and due to be sold but instead was retained as a survey vessel into the fall of 1939. After a stint with the National Youth Administration from 1939 to 1941, she saw service during World War II with the United States Army Corps of Engineers as the freight and supply ship Atkins.
USS Audwin (SP-451) was a patrol vessel that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919. She then was a survey vessel in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1919 to 1927.
USS PCS-1405 was a United States Navy minesweeper in commission from 1944 to 1946. She saw service in the latter stages of World War II.
USS Helianthus (SP-585) was a patrol vessel in commission in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1919, seeing service in World War I. After her U.S. Navy service, she was in commission in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey as the survey launch USC&GS Helianthus from 1919 to 1939. She was named after the Helianthus, the genus to which the sunflower belongs.
NOAAS Oceanographer, originally USC&GS Oceanographer, was an American Oceanographer-class oceanographic research vessel in service in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey from 1966 to 1970 and in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from 1970 to 1996. She was the second Coast and Geodetic Survey ship and first NOAA ship to bear the name Oceanographer. She served as flagship of both the Coast and Geodetic Survey and NOAA fleets.
References
↑ "Raising the mainsail". J.P.Morgan. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Retrieved 6 September 2018. In 1882, Morgan acquired his first personal yacht, the Corsair I, a 185-foot steam-powered vessel. He later bought the Corsair II, a 241-foot yacht, which the United States Navy conscripted into service as a gunboat during the Spanish–American War. The 304-foot Corsair III, the last yacht he owned, included a library, player piano and humidors stocked with Cuban cigars.
↑ "Greek steamer ashore". The Times. No.45609. London. 4 September 1930. col F, p.15.
↑ The NOAA History Web site (at http://www.history.noaa.gov/hallofhonor/lifesaving1845-1937.html) gives the date as 23 August 1931, but cites an August 1933 edition of the Coast and Geodetic Survey Bulletin as providing this news as a recent event; clearly, the "1931" date is a typographical error.
↑ Bruhn David, D., Battle Stars for the "Cactus Navy," Berwyn Heights, Maryland: Heritage Books, 2014, ISBN978-0-7884-5573-5 p. 155.
Director, United States Coast And Geodetic Survey (1930). Annual Report Of The Director, United States Coast And Geodetic Survey To The Secretary of Commerce For The Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1930. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast (1930). "Bath Iron Works". Pacific Marine Review. 27 (7). San Francisco, California: J.S. Hines. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
External links
Photo gallery of Oceanographer at NavSource Naval History
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