Uncoordinated-119 (Unc-119)

Last updated
UNC119
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases UNC119 , HRG4, IMD13, POC7, POC7A, Protein unc-119 homolog, unc-119 lipid binding chaperone
External IDs MGI: 1328357; HomoloGene: 3778; GeneCards: UNC119; OMA:UNC119 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

9094

22248

Ensembl

ENSG00000109103

ENSMUSG00000002058

UniProt

Q13432

Q9Z2R6

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005148
NM_054035
NM_001330166

NM_011676
NM_001313985
NM_001313986
NM_001313987
NM_001313988

Contents

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001317095
NP_005139
NP_473376

NP_001300914
NP_001300915
NP_001300916
NP_001300917
NP_035806

Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 28.55 – 28.55 Mb Chr 11: 78.23 – 78.24 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Uncoordinated-119 (Unc-119) is a protein identified in a varieties of species including, C. elegans, humans, mice, zebrafish, rabbits, pig, calf, monkey, and protozoa. [5] This proteins have been classified in the GMP phosphodiesterase, delta superfamily. [6] Although Unc-119 proteins are categorized into their own family, they are shown to be ancestrally related to PrBP (prenyl binding protein) and rhoGDI. They are also known by several other names: Retinal Protein 4, HRG4, POC7 Centriolar Protein Homolog A, IMD13, POC7A, and RG4.  

Structure and function

In C. elegans, Unc-119 consistent of approximately 240 amino acids [7] with a mass of around ~26 kDa. [8] Using x-ray crystallography the protein's crystal structure was observed and found to have a resolution of 1.95 Å. [9] It has an immunoglobulin-like β-sandwich folding structure, resulting in a narrow, hydrophobic pocket. [10] This pocket can bind to lauroyl (C12) and myristoyl (C14) acyltransferase side chains, functioning as a transporter or lipid-binding chaperone. [9] Unc-119 is crucial for the motility of cilium, maintaining their formation and function. This role is a conserved responsibility from animals to protozoa.

Role in cells

UNC-119 has been found to be involved in synaptic functions, signal transduction, endosome recycling, uptake of bacteria and endocytosis, protein trafficking, lipid-binding chaperone, and a mediator on Src family kinase signals. [11] [12]

The UNC-119 protein plays key roles in the movement and feeding in the C. elegans , because it is essential in the development and function of their nervous system. One mutation observed was in the expression patterns when the mutant fuses with lacZ. [10] When this protein is mutated or deleted, C. elegans were found to have problems moving, even to the point of complete paralysis. It was also proposed that a mutation could cause the C. elegans to lose the ability to recognize their food. When the organism possesses a mutated UNC-119, they have been shown to experience uncoordinated movement, a defect causing weak egg laying, and the inability to form dauer larvae. [12]

In H. sapiens, Unc-119 has been identified on chromosome 17 and is found predominantly in the retina (HRG4). It has been localized to the photo-receptor synapses in the outer plexiform layer of the retina, and suggested to play a role in the mechanism of photoreceptor neurotransmitter release through the synaptic vesicle cycle. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. The encoded product shares strong homology with the C. elegans unc119 protein and it can functionally complement the C. elegans unc119 mutation.

Unc-119 has also been identified in other areas in humans, such as the liver, kidneys, brain, and fibroblasts. [10] It has also been found to play an important role within the T-cell receptor function [8] and interleukin-5 receptor (IL-5R) Unc-119 is an essential activator of both Lck and Fyn by interacting with their SH2- and SH3-binding domains. Mutation of the Unc-119 gene has been found to severely disrupt the T-cell receptor pathway. It has been suggested to be a cause of an immunodeficiency disorder known as idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia (ICL) due to the reduced t-cell stimulation. [9]

Interactions

Protein unc-119 homolog has been shown to interact with:

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">FYB</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

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References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000109103 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000002058 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Swanson DA, Chang JT, Campochiaro PA, Zack DJ, Valle D (October 1998). "Mammalian orthologs of C. elegans unc-119 highly expressed in photoreceptors". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 39 (11): 2085–94. PMID   9761287.
  6. ↑ Fansa EK, Wittinghofer A (October 2016). "Sorting of lipidated cargo by the Arl2/Arl3 system". Small GTPases. 7 (4): 222–230. doi:10.1080/21541248.2016.1224454. PMC   5129900 . PMID   27806215.
  7. ↑ Maduro M, Pilgrim D (November 1995). "Identification and cloning of unc-119, a gene expressed in the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system". Genetics. 141 (3): 977–88. doi:10.1093/genetics/141.3.977. PMC   1206859 . PMID   8582641.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gorska MM, Stafford SJ, Cen O, Sur S, Alam R (February 2004). "Unc119, a novel activator of Lck/Fyn, is essential for T cell activation". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 199 (3): 369–79. doi:10.1084/jem.20030589. PMC   2211793 . PMID   14757743.
  9. 1 2 3 Constantine R, Zhang H, Gerstner CD, Frederick JM, Baehr W (December 2012). "Uncoordinated (UNC)119: coordinating the trafficking of myristoylated proteins". Vision Research. 75: 26–32. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2012.08.012. PMC   3514684 . PMID   23000199.
  10. 1 2 3 Jean F, Pilgrim D (October 2017). "Coordinating the uncoordinated: UNC119 trafficking in cilia". European Journal of Cell Biology. 96 (7): 643–652. doi:10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.09.001. PMID   28935136.
  11. ↑ Lee Y, Chung S, Baek IK, Lee TH, Paik SY, Lee J (April 2013). "UNC119a bridges the transmission of Fyn signals to Rab11, leading to the completion of cytokinesis". Cell Cycle. 12 (8): 1303–1315. doi:10.4161/cc.24404. PMC   3674094 . PMID   23535298.
  12. 1 2 Maduro MF, Gordon M, Jacobs R, Pilgrim DB (January 2000). "The UNC-119 family of neural proteins is functionally conserved between humans, Drosophila and C. elegans". Journal of Neurogenetics. 13 (4): 191–212. doi:10.3109/01677060009084494. PMID   10858820. S2CID   36103225.
  13. ↑ Kobayashi A, Kubota S, Mori N, McLaren MJ, Inana G (January 2003). "Photoreceptor synaptic protein HRG4 (UNC119) interacts with ARL2 via a putative conserved domain". FEBS Letters. 534 (1–3): 26–32. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03766-3 . PMID   12527357. S2CID   22603052.
  14. ↑ Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, Haenig C, Brembeck FH, Goehler H, Stroedicke M, Zenkner M, Schoenherr A, Koeppen S, Timm J, Mintzlaff S, Abraham C, Bock N, Kietzmann S, Goedde A, Toksöz E, Droege A, Krobitsch S, Korn B, Birchmeier W, Lehrach H, Wanker EE (September 2005). "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957–68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029. hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-0010-8592-0 . PMID   16169070. S2CID   8235923.
  15. ↑ Van Valkenburgh H, Shern JF, Sharer JD, Zhu X, Kahn RA (June 2001). "ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) and ARF-like 1 (ARL1) have both specific and shared effectors: characterizing ARL1-binding proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (25): 22826–37. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M102359200 . PMID   11303027.
  16. 1 2 Cen O, Gorska MM, Stafford SJ, Sur S, Alam R (March 2003). "Identification of UNC119 as a novel activator of SRC-type tyrosine kinases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (10): 8837–45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M208261200 . PMID   12496276.
  17. ↑ Alpadi K, Magupalli VG, Käppel S, Köblitz L, Schwarz K, Seigel GM, Sung CH, Schmitz F (September 2008). "RIBEYE recruits Munc119, a mammalian ortholog of the Caenorhabditis elegans protein unc119, to synaptic ribbons of photoreceptor synapses". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (39): 26461–7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M801625200 . PMC   3258921 . PMID   18664567.

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