United Nations Security Council Resolution 1234

Last updated

UN Security Council
Resolution 1234
Democratic Republic of the Congo (orthographic projection).svg
The Democratic Republic of the Congo
Date9 April 1999
Meeting no.3,993
CodeS/RES/1234 (Document)
SubjectThe situation concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Voting summary
  • 15 voted for
  • None voted against
  • None abstained
ResultAdopted
Security Council composition
Permanent members
Non-permanent members
←  1233 Lists of resolutions 1235  →

United Nations Security Council resolution 1234, adopted unanimously on 9 April 1999, after expressing concern at the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council demanded an immediate halt to hostilities in the region, a withdrawal of foreign forces and the re-establishment of the government's authority. [1]

Contents

Background

The Second Congo War emerged after a series of conflicts in the Great Lakes region in Africa. The aftermath of the genocide in Rwanda and civil war in Burundi had resulted in a large-scale refugee crisis. Armed groups were conducting raids into Rwanda from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which ignited a series of ethnic conflicts amongst other factions in the east of the country between many armed groups and militia. The unstable political situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire) further contributed to the conflict and as many as eight African countries became involved in what was known as "Africa's World War". [2]

Resolution

Observations

The Security Council was concerned at measures taken by forces opposing the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the east of the country, including violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, and incitement to ethnic hatred and violence by all parties. There were also illicit flows of arms and materiel in the Great Lakes region. [3] It recalled the right of self-defense in accordance with the United Nations Charter and welcomed the appointment of a Special Envoy, Moustapha Niasse, to the region by the Secretary-General. [4] Finally, it determined that the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was a threat to peace and stability in the region.

Acts

All countries had to observe the territorial integrity, independence and sovereignty of all countries in the region. The Security Council deplored the fighting and the presence of foreign troops, demanding that the fighting cease immediately. [5] It called for the signing of a ceasefire agreement which would withdraw foreign troops from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, restore the authority of the central government and begin the peace process. [6] All parties were reminded of their obligations under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.

The Security Council condemned the massacres that had occurred and called for an international inquiry into such incidents, particularly those in South Kivu. Activities by armed groups, such as the Interahamwe and Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda were also condemned. It welcomed the announcement of all parties to stop fighting to allow a large-scale immunisation campaign and called upon all to provide better protection to children during the conflict.

Addressing peace efforts, the resolution supported mediation efforts by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and Southern African Development Community. It reaffirmed the importance of holding an international conference on peace, security and stability in the African Great Lakes region under the auspices of the United Nations and OAU. Meanwhile, the United Nations was actively considering its role in facilitating a ceasefire agreement and initiating the peace process. [7]

See also

Related Research Articles

The United Nations Peacekeeping efforts began in 1948. Its first activity was in the Middle East to observe and maintain the ceasefire during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Since then, United Nations peacekeepers have taken part in a total of 72 missions around the globe, 14 of which continue today. The peacekeeping force as a whole received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988.

The Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement attempted to end the Second Congo War through a ceasefire, release of prisoners of war, and the deployment of an international peacekeeping force under the auspices of the United Nations. The heads of state of Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe signed the agreement in Lusaka, Zambia on July 10, 1999.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 918</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 1994

United Nations Security Council resolution 918 was adopted without a vote on 17 May 1994. After reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Rwanda, particularly resolutions 872 (1993), 909 (1994) and 912 (1994), the Council expressed its alarm and condemnation at the continuing large-scale violence, and went on to impose an arms embargo on the country and authorise an expansion of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 925</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 1994

United Nations Security Council resolution 925, adopted unanimously on 8 June 1994, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Rwanda, particularly resolutions 912 (1994) and 918 (1994), and Resolution 868 (1993) on the safety of United Nations peacekeepers, the council deployed additional battalions and extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) until 9 December 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1078</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 1996

United Nations Security Council resolution 1078, adopted unanimously on 9 November 1996, after expressing concern at the situation in the African Great Lakes region, the Council discussed proposals for a regional conference on security and a multinational humanitarian force in eastern Zaire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1258</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 1999

United Nations Security Council resolution 1258, adopted unanimously on 6 August 1999, after reaffirming Resolution 1234 (1999) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council authorised the deployment of military liaison personnel to the capitals of the signatories of the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1273</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 1999

United Nations Security Council resolution 1273, adopted unanimously on 5 November 1999, after reaffirming resolutions 1234 (1999) and 1258 (1999) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the deployment of the 90 military liaison personnel as part of efforts to assist the peace process in the country until 15 January 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1279</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 1999

United Nations Security Council resolution 1279, adopted unanimously on 30 November 1999, after recalling resolutions 1234 (1999), 1258 (1999) and 1273 (1999) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the council established the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) for an initial period until 1 March 2000.

United Nations Security Council resolution 1291, adopted unanimously on 24 February 2000, after recalling resolutions 1234 (1999), 1258 (1999), 1273 (1999) and 1279 (1999) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council expanded the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) to include additional tasks and extended its mandate until 31 August 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1304</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2000

United Nations Security Council resolution 1304, adopted unanimously on 16 June 2000, after recalling resolutions 1234 (1999), 1258 (1999), 1273 (1999), 1279 (1999), 1291 (1999) and 1296 (2000) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council demanded the immediate withdrawal of Ugandan, Rwandan, Congolese opposition and other armed groups from Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1332</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2000

United Nations Security Council resolution 1332, adopted unanimously on 14 December 2000, after recalling resolutions 1234 (1999), 1258 (1999), 1265 (1999), 1273 (1999), 1279 (1999), 1291 (2000), 1296 (2000), 1304 (2000) and 1323 (2000) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 15 June 2001.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1341</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2001

United Nations Security Council resolution 1341, adopted unanimously on 22 February 2001, after recalling resolutions 1234 (1999), 1258 (1999), 1265 (1999), 1273 (1999), 1279 (1999), 1291 (2000), 1296 (2000), 1304 (2000), 1323 (2000) and 1332 (2000) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council demanded that all parties to the conflict in the country implement disengagement plans and adopt withdrawal plans for foreign troops by 15 May 2001.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1355</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2001

United Nations Security Council resolution 1355, adopted unanimously on 15 June 2001, after recalling resolutions 1234 (1999), 1258 (1999), 1265 (1999), 1273 (1999), 1279 (1999), 1291 (2000), 1296 (2000), 1304 (2000), 1323 (2000), 1332 (2000) and 1341 (2001) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 15 June 2002 subject to review every four months.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1376</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2001

United Nations Security Council resolution 1376, adopted unanimously on 9 November 2001, after recalling all previous resolutions on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council supported the third phase of the deployment of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1445</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2002

United Nations Security Council resolution 1445 was adopted unanimously on 4 December 2002. After recalling all previous resolutions on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the council expanded the military component of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) to a level of 8,700 military personnel–up from 4,250–in two task forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1468</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2003

United Nations Security Council resolution 1468, adopted unanimously on 20 March 2003, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council welcomed an agreement on the establishment of a transitional government and requested an increased presence of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) in the Ituri region in the east of the country amid escalating violence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1484</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2003

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1484, adopted unanimously on 30 May 2003, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council authorised Operation Artemis in Bunia, the capital of Ituri Province, amid the deteriorating security situation in the area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1493</span> 2003 resolution on the Democratic Republic of the Congo

United Nations Security Council resolution 1493, adopted unanimously on 28 July 2003, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 30 July 2004 and raised its troop level from 8,700 to 10,800.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1649</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2005

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1649, adopted unanimously on 21 December 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1533 (2004), 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005), 1596 (2005) and 1616 (2005), 1621 (2005) and 1628 (2005), the council extended and expanded sanctions against the country until 31 July 2006, and demanded that foreign fighters disarm or face sanctions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1653</span> United Nations resolution adopted in 2006

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1653, adopted unanimously on January 27, 2006, after recalling previous resolutions concerning the situations in the African Great Lakes region, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi, particularly resolutions 1625 (2005), 1631 (2005), 1649 (2005) and 1650 (2005), the Council addressed the stability of the Great Lakes region in Africa.

References

  1. ↑ "Security Council demands immediate halt to hostilities in Democratic Republic of Congo". United Nations. 9 April 1999.
  2. ↑ US Government Accounting Office (GAO) (2000). "U.N. peacekeeping executive branch consultations with Congress did not fully meet expectations in 1999–2000" (PDF). p. 52.
  3. ↑ Hilaire, Max (2005). United Nations law and the Security Council. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 227. ISBN   978-0-7546-4489-7.
  4. ↑ "Annan picks envoy for Democratic Congo, seeks role for U.N. in restoring peace". The Washington Times . 7 April 1999.
  5. ↑ United Nations, Office of Public Information (1999). UN monthly chronicle, Volumes 36–37. United Nations, Office of Public Information. p. 71.
  6. ↑ Ghanea-Hercock, Nazila; Xanthaki, Alexandra; Thornberry, Patrick (2005). Minorities, peoples, and self-determination: essays in honour of Patrick Thornberry . Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p.  51. ISBN   978-90-04-14301-2.
  7. ↑ Clément, Jean A. P. (2004). Postconflict economics in sub-Saharan Africa: lessons from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. International Monetary Fund. pp. 46–47. ISBN   978-1-58906-252-8.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.