Urocystidales

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Urocystidales
Urocystis colchici var. cepulae on an onion seedling.jpg
Urocystis colchici on onions
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Ustilaginomycetes
Order: Urocystidales
R. Bauer & Oberw., 1997 [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • Urocystidiales R. Bauer & Oberw.
  • Urocystales R. Bauer & Oberw.

The Urocystidales are an order of fungi within the class Ustilaginomycetes. The order contains 6 families and about 400 genera. They are a sister order to Ustilaginales.

Contents

Urocystidales is also known and classified as the smut fungi. [3] They are serious plant pathogens, Urocystis , is one of the representative genera of the order, it is an example of a smut genus that has a wide host range. The type species Urocystis occulta (Wallr.) A.A. Fisch. Waldh (1867), was described as a pathogen on rye ( Secale cereale ). [4] They are found in marine and terrestrial environments. [1] The aquatic members of the Doassansiopsis genera are found in the tropics or subtropics. [5]

Morphology

They are distinguished from other fungi by the existence of haustoria (root-like structure) and pores in the septa of soral hyphae. [6] [7]

Families

It was formed in 1997, [7] and consisted (then) of 4 families, (Doassansiopsidaceae,Glomosporiaceae, Melanotaeniaceae and Urocystidaceae with 1 genus. [8]

Later, Melanotaeniaceae was moved to the Ustilaginales order by Begerow et al. in 2006, [6] [9] and others were added such as Fereydouniaceae and Floromycetaceae in 2014 S. Nasr, Soudi, H.D.T. Nguyen, M. Lutz & Piątek, and Mycosyringaceae in 2008. [6] [10]

As accepted by GBIF [11] and others; [12]

Figures in brackets are approx. how many species per family. [11]

Note the DNA of family Doassansiopsidaceae has been studied. [14]

Ecology

The leaves of the water-lily ( Nymphaea nouchali ) can be affected by the water-born fungi, Doassansiopsis nymphaea. [15]

The leaves of Caldesia parnassifolia (Alisma reniforme) can be affected by the water-born fungi, Doassansiopsis hydrophila(A.Dietr.) Lavrov (syn Doassansiopsis martianoffiana). [16]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smut (fungus)</span> Reproductive structure of fungi

The smuts are multicellular fungi characterized by their large numbers of teliospores. The smuts get their name from a Germanic word for dirt because of their dark, thick-walled, and dust-like teliospores. They are mostly Ustilaginomycetes and comprise seven of the 15 orders of the subphylum. Most described smuts belong to two orders, Ustilaginales and Tilletiales. The smuts are normally grouped with the other basidiomycetes because of their commonalities concerning sexual reproduction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustilaginales</span> Order of fungi

The Ustilaginales are an order of fungi within the class Ustilaginomycetes. The order contained 8 families, 49 genera, and 851 species in 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustilaginomycotina</span> Subdivision of fungi

The Ustilaginomycotina is a subdivision within the division Basidiomycota of the kingdom Fungi. It consists of the classes Ustilaginomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes, and in 2014 the subdivision was reclassified and the two additional classes Malasseziomycetes and Monilielliomycetes added. The name was first published by Doweld in 2001; Bauer and colleagues later published it in 2006 as an isonym. Ustilagomycotina and Agaricomycotina are considered to be sister groups, and they are in turn sister groups to the subdivision Pucciniomycotina.

Thecaphora is a genus of basidiomycote fungus which contains several species of plant pathogens. The widespread genus contained about 57 species in 2008. and held 61 species in 2020.

The Doassansiales are an order of fungi in the class Exobasidiomycetes. The order consist of three families: the Doassansiaceae, the Melaniellaceae, and the Rhamphosporaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Entylomatales</span> Order of fungi

The Entylomatales are an order of smut fungi in the class Exobasidiomycetes. A monotypic order, it consists of a single family, the Entylomataceae. Both the family and order were circumscribed in 1997.

The Georgefischeriales are an order of smut fungi in the class Exobasidiomycetes. The order consists of four families, the Eballistraceae, the Georgefischeriaceae, the Gjaerumiaceae, and the Tilletiariaceae.

The Microstromatales are order of fungi in the class Exobasidiomycetes. The order consists of three families: the Microstromataceae, the Quambalariaceae, and the Volvocisporiaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tilletiales</span> Order of fungi

The Tilletiales are an order of smut fungi in the class Exobasidiomycetes. It is a monotypic order, consisting of a single family, the Tilletiaceae, which contains seven genera. The roughly 150 species in the Tilletiales all infect hosts of the grass family, except for species of Erratomyces, which occur on legumes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Entorrhizomycetes</span> Class of fungi

Entorrhizomycetes is the sole class in the phylum Entorrhizomycota within the Fungi subkingdom Dikarya along with Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. It contains three genera and is a small group of teliosporic root parasites that form galls on plants in the Juncaceae (rush) and Cyperaceae (sedge) families. Prior to 2015 this phylum was placed under the subdivision Ustilaginomycotina. A 2015 study did a "comprehensive five-gene analyses" of Entorrhiza and concluded that the former class Entorrhizomycetes is possibly either a close sister group to the rest of Dikarya or Basidiomycota.

The Anthracoideaceae are a family of smut fungi in the order Ustilaginales. Collectively, the family contains 20 genera and 198 species. Anthracoideaceae was circumscribed by the Bulgarian mycologist Cvetomir M. Denchev in 1997.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kálmán Vánky</span>

Kálmán Géza Vánky was a Székely-Hungarian mycologist with Swedish and Hungarian citizenship, who lived in Germany. He is considered to be the worldwide authority on the subject of smut fungi and has dominated the taxonomic study of Ustilaginomycetes for at least the past four decades.

Franz Oberwinkler was a German mycologist, specialising in the fungal morphology, ecology and phylogeny of basidiomycetes.

Robert Bauer was a German mycologist, specialising in rust (Uredinales) and smut (Ustilaginomycetes) fungi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Helicobasidiales</span> Order of fungi

The Helicobasidiales are an order of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. The order is currently monotypic, containing the single family Helicobasidiaceae which itself is monotypic, containing the single genus Helicobasidium. The anamorphic genus Tuberculina is a synonym of Helicobasidium, but species are not currently integrated in the latter genus.

<i>Doassansiopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Doassansiopsis is a genus of smut fungi belonging to the monotypic family DoassansiopsidaceaeBegerow, R.Bauer & Oberw., 1998, within the class Ustilaginomycetes and order Urocystidales.

Macalpinomyces is a fungus genus in the Ustilaginaceae family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Doassansiaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Doassansiaceae are a family of fungi in the division Basidiomycota and order of Doassansiales. The family contains 11 genera and about 58 species. They have a widespread distribution. Doassansiaceae is also known and classified as a smut fungi.

The Melaniellaceae are a family of fungi in the division Basidiomycota and order of Doassansiales. The family contains 1 genera and 2 species. They have a distribution in south and south-east Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhamphospora nymphaeae</span> Species of fungi

The Rhamphosporaceae is a family of fungi in the division Basidiomycota and order of Doassansiales. The monotypic family only contains 1 genus; RhamphosporaD.D.Cunn. and just 1 species, Rhamphospora nymphaeaeD.D.Cunn. It is found on the leaves of waterlilies causing spots.

References

  1. 1 2 "Urocystidales". www.marinespecies.org. WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  2. ↑ Urocystidales in MycoBank.
  3. ↑ Lutz, Matthias; Vánky, Kálmán; Bauer, Robert (2012). "Melanoxa, a new genus in the Urocystidales (Ustilaginomycotina)". Mycological Progress. 11: 149–158.
  4. ↑ "Urocystis occulta CBS 102.71 v1.0". mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  5. ↑ E. B. Gareth Jones, Kevin D Hyde and Ka-Lai Pang (editors) Freshwater Fungi: and Fungal-like Organisms (2014) , p. 113, at Google Books
  6. 1 2 3 David J. McLaughlin and Joseph W. Spatafora (editors) Systematics and Evolution: Part A, Part 1 (2014) , p. 318, at Google Books
  7. 1 2 R., Bauer; F., Oberwinkler; K., Vánky (1997). "Ultrastructural markers and systematics in smut fungi and allied taxa". Can. J. Bot. 75: 1273–1314. doi:10.1139/b97-842.
  8. ↑ Geoffrey Clough Ainsworth Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (2008) , p. 715, at Google Books
  9. ↑ Begerow D, Stoll M, Bauer R.2006. A phylogenetic hypothesis of Ustilaginomycotina based on multiple gene analyses and morphological data. Mycologia 98: 906–916
  10. ↑ Vánky K, Lutz M, Bauer R.2008. About the genus Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae) and its new synonyms. Mycological Progress 7: 31–39
  11. 1 2 "Urocystidales". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  12. ↑ Outline of Basidiomycota, Mao-Qiang He, Rui-Lin Zhao, in Encyclopedia of Mycology, 2021
  13. ↑ Vánky, Kálmán; Lutz, Matthias; Bauer, Robert (2008). "About the genus Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae) and its new synonyms". Mycological Progress. 7: 31–39.
  14. ↑ Begerow, D., Bauer, R. & Oberwinkler, F. 1998. Phylogenetic studies on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences of smut fungi and related taxa. – Canadian Journal of Botany 75 [1997]: 2045-2056.
  15. ↑ Dr.V.R. Patil Research on Fresh water fungi (2015) , p. 113, at Google Books
  16. ↑ B D Borse, K N Borse, S Y Patil, C M Pawara, L C Nemade and V R Patil Freshwater Higher Fungi of India (2015) , p. 178, at Google Books

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