Thecaphora

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Thecaphora was also proposed for the order of cnidarians usually known as Leptomedusae.

Thecaphora
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Ustilaginomycetes
Order: Urocystidales
Family: Glomosporiaceae
Genus: Thecaphora
Fingerh. (1836)
Type species
Thecaphora hyalina
Fingerh. (1836)
Synonyms [1]

AngiosorusThirum. & M.J.O'Brien (1974)
GlomosporiumKochman (1939)
KochmaniaPiatek (2005)
PoikilosporiumDietel (1897)
SorosporiumF.Rudolphi (1829)
TothiellaVánky (1999)

Contents

Thecaphora is a genus of basidiomycote fungus which contains several species of plant pathogens. The widespread genus contained about 57 species in 2008. [2] and held 61 species in 2020. [3]

In 2008, genus Glomosporium and Kochmania were declared synonyms of Thecaphora. [4] Also Sorosporium mohgaoenseChitaley & Yawale became Thecaphora mohgaoensis (Chitaley & Yawale) R.K. Saxena, Wijayaw., D.Q. Dai, K.D. Hyde & P.M. Kirk. [3]

The genus Thecaphora contains plant-parasitic microfungi infecting hosts belonging to a range of dicotyledonous families. The species and their current nomenclature were summarised by Vánky et al. (2008), [4] and Vánky (2012). [5] Recently, three new species were described in Crous et al. (2018), [6] Kruse et al. (2018), [7] and Piątek et al. (2021). [8] Thecaphora species are characterised by having spores in balls (or rarely single), generally without sterile cells, and infections are found in a range of different organs of their host plants. [9]

Hosts

Thecaphora solani(Thirum & M.J. O'Brien) Mordue 1988 (also called potato smut), is a smut fungus attacking tubers and underground stems of Solanum species, including potato Solanum tuberosum and also tomato Solanum lycopersicum and nearby native weed Datura stramonium (Mordue, 1988). [10] in the Andean region of South America. It is not restricted to the higher, cooler elevations, but it has also been a problem in coastal Peru (Bazan de Segura 1960; [11] Zachmann and Baumann, 1975), [12] and also occurs in Mexico. The fungus can be transported within infected tubers and other planting material and also on their surfaces if they become contaminated with the spores. The fungus also can survive in the soil and therefore is difficult to eradicate. [10]

Thecaphora melandrii(Syd.) Vánky & M.Lutz was found to infect species in the Caryophyllaceae family, forming sori with spore balls in the floral organs. This included Silene latifolia Poir., Silene nutansa L., Silene vulgarisa (Moench) Garcke and Stellaria gramineaa L. [13] It was found in Britain on Silene uniflora Roth. [9] Thecaphora schwarzmaniana was found on Rheum ribes in Iran and Turkey. [14] Thecaphora anthemidis was found on species of Anthemis (Asteraceae family). [7] Thecaphora dahuangis causes leaf smut disease in Rheum palmatum (or dahuang), a folk medicinal plant in China. [8]

Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum; [15]

Former species; [15]

Related Research Articles

<i>Rheum palmatum</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Tilletia</i> Genus of fungi

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Entorrhizomycetes</span> Class of fungi

Entorrhizomycetes is the sole class in the phylum Entorrhizomycota within the Fungi subkingdom Dikarya along with Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. It contains three genera and is a small group of teliosporic root parasites that form galls on plants in the Juncaceae (rush) and Cyperaceae (sedge) families. Prior to 2015 this phylum was placed under the subdivision Ustilaginomycotina. A 2015 study did a "comprehensive five-gene analyses" of Entorrhiza and concluded that the former class Entorrhizomycetes is possibly either a close sister group to the rest of Dikarya or Basidiomycota.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustilaginaceae</span> Family of fungi

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anthracoideaceae</span> Family of fungi

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<i>Heliosperma</i> Genus of flowering plants

Heliosperma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. As such, it is closely related to the large genus Silene, but its members can be told apart from Silene by the crest of long papillae on the seeds. The majority of the species are narrow endemics from the Balkan Peninsula, but H. alpestre is endemic to the Eastern Alps, and H. pusillum is found from the Cordillera Cantábrica in northern Spain to the Carpathians. Like members of the genus Silene and other related genera, Heliosperma is attacked by species of the anther smut fungus Microbotryum. Cases of parallel divergence events between alpine and mountain populations have been reported in this genus.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kálmán Vánky</span>

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Tolyposporium is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Anthracoideaceae.

Glomosporium is a former genus of fungi, formerly placed in the family Glomosporiaceae. The genus was first described by Kochman in 1939. They were later absorbed into the genus Thecaphora.

<i>Anthracoidea</i> Genus of fungi

Anthracoidea is a genus of smut fungi belonging to the family Anthracoideaceae.

<i>Cintractia</i> Genus of fungi

Cintractia is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Anthracoideaceae. It was first described by Marie Maxime Cornu in 1883.

<i>Doassansiopsis</i> Genus of fungi

Doassansiopsis is a genus of smut fungi belonging to the monotypic family DoassansiopsidaceaeBegerow, R.Bauer & Oberw., 1998, within the class Ustilaginomycetes and order Urocystidales.

Farysia is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Anthracoideaceae.

Macalpinomyces is a fungus genus in the Ustilaginaceae family.

<i>Moesziomyces</i> Genus of fungi

Moesziomyces is a fungal genus in the family Ustilaginaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urocystidales</span> Order of fungi

The Urocystidales are an order of fungi within the class Ustilaginomycetes. The order contains 6 families and about 400 genera. They are a sister order to Ustilaginales.

The Melaniellaceae are a family of fungi in the division Basidiomycota and order of Doassansiales. The family contains 1 genera and 2 species. They have a distribution in south and south-east Asia.

Thecaphora frezzii, commonly referred to as peanut smut, is a species of smut fungus of the genus Thecaphora and the family Glomosporiaceae. It is a basidiomycete fungus that infects peanut plants. It is currently only found in South America, more specifically in Argentinian peanut farms.

References

  1. ↑ "Thecaphora Fingerh. 1836". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2011-10-04.
  2. ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. ISBN   978-0-85199-826-8.
  3. 1 2 Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 .
  4. 1 2 Vánky, Kálmán; Lutz, Matthias; Bauer, Robert (2008). "About the genus Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae) and its new synonyms". Mycological Progress. 7: 31–39.
  5. ↑ Vánky, K. (2012). Smut Fungi of the World. St Paul, MN., USA: American Phytopathological Society Press.
  6. ↑ Crous, et al. (2018). "Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784". Persoonia. 40: 240–393. doi:10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.10. PMC   6146637 . PMID   30505003.
  7. 1 2 Kruse, J.; Kummer, V.; Shivas, R. G.; Thines, M. (2018). "The first smut fungus, Thecaphora anthemidis sp. nov. (Glomosporiaceae), described from Anthemis (Asteraceae)". MycoKeys. 41: 39–50.
  8. 1 2 3 Piątek, Marcin; Lutz, Matthias; Wang, Yan; Wang, Shengrong; Kellner, Ronny (August 2021). "Thecaphora dahuangis, a new species causing leaf smut disease of the traditional medicinal plant dahuang (Rheum palmatum) in China". Plant Pathology. 70 (6): 1292–1299. doi:10.1111/ppa.13385.
  9. 1 2 Smith, P.A.; Lutz, M.; Piątek, M. (2020). "The distribution and host range of Thecaphora melandrii, with first records for Britain". Kew Bull. 75: 39. doi: 10.1007/s12225-020-09895-3 .
  10. 1 2 Mordue, J.E.M. (1988). "Thecaphora solani". IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria (97 ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 966.
  11. ↑ Bazan de Segura, C. (1960). "The gangrena disease of potato in Peru". Plant Disease Reporter. 44: 257.
  12. ↑ Zachmann, R.; Baumann, D. (1975). "Thecaphora solani on potatoes in Peru:present distribution and varietal resistance". Plant Disease Reporter. 59 (11): 928–931.
  13. ↑ Vánky, K.; Lutz, M. (2007). "Revision of some Thecaphora species (Ustilaginomycotina) on Caryophyllaceae". Mycol. Res. 111: 1207–1219.
  14. 1 2 Vasighzadeh, A.; Zafari, D.; Selçuk, F.; Hüseyin, E.; Kurşat, M.; Lutz, M.; Piątek, M. (2014). "Discovery of Thecaphora schwarzmaniana on Rheum ribes in Iran and Turkey: implications for the diversity and phylogeny of leaf smuts on rhubarbs". Mycol. Progr. 13: 881–892.
  15. 1 2 "Species Fungorum - Search Page - Thecaphora". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  16. ↑ Arias, Silvina L.; Mary, Verónica S.; Velez, Pilar A.; Rodriguez, María G.; Otaiza-González, Santiago N.; Theumer, Martín G. (2021-10-01). "Where Does the Peanut Smut Pathogen, Thecaphora frezzii, Fit in the Spectrum of Smut Diseases?". Plant Disease . American Phytopathological Society. doi: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2438-fe . ISSN   0191-2917.


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