Rusts are fungal plant pathogens of the order Pucciniales causing plant fungal diseases.
Medicago is a genus of flowering plants, commonly known as medick or burclover, in the legume family (Fabaceae). It contains at least 87 species and is distributed mainly around the Mediterranean Basin, and extending across temperate Eurasia and sub-Saharan Africa. The best-known member of the genus is alfalfa, an important forage crop, and the genus name is based on the Latin name for that plant, medica, from Greek: μηδική (πόα) Median (grass). Most members of the genus are low, creeping herbs, resembling clover, but with burs. However, alfalfa grows to a height of 1 meter, and tree medick is a shrub. Members of the genus are known to produce bioactive compounds such as medicarpin and medicagenic acid. Chromosome numbers in Medicago range from 2n = 14 to 48.
Alfalfa, also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. The name alfalfa is used in North America. The name lucerne is more commonly used in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The plant superficially resembles clover, especially while young, when trifoliate leaves comprising round leaflets predominate. Later in maturity, leaflets are elongated. It has clusters of small purple flowers followed by fruits spiralled in two to three turns containing 10–20 seeds. Alfalfa is native to warmer temperate climates. It has been cultivated as livestock fodder since at least the era of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
Colletotrichum trifolii is a fungal plant pathogen of alfalfa, causing the disease alfafa anthracnose. It is a biotroph, obtaining nutrients from the living plant cells before forming asexual spores. This fungus has two known races Bain and Essary.
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris is a fungal plant pathogen.
Stemphylium botryosum is a species of fungi and plant pathogen infecting several hosts including alfalfa, red clover, peanut, soybean, lentils, beet, tomato, lettuce, hemp and carnations.
Stemphylium globuliferum is a plant pathogen infecting alfalfa.
Uromyces ciceris-arietini is a fungal species and plant pathogen infecting chickpea.
Uromyces dianthi is a fungus species and plant pathogen infecting carnations and Euphorbia.
Uromyces euphorbiae is a fungal species and a plant pathogen infecting poinsettias.
Uromyces betae is a fungal species and plant pathogen infecting beet.
Nomophila noctuella, the rush veneer, is a species of moth of the family Crambidae.
Zerene cesonia, the southern dogface, is a North and South American butterfly in the family Pieridae, subfamily Coliadinae.
Uromyces is a genus of rust fungi in the family Pucciniaceae. The genus was described by Franz Unger in his 1833 work Die Exantheme der Pflanzen. They have a worldwide distribution but large occurrences happen in North America and Europe.
Uromyces pisi-sativi is a fungal species and plant pathogen. It was originally found on Pea but it is found on a wide range of host plants.
Dichomeris acuminata, the alfalfa leaf tier, is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was first described by Otto Staudinger in 1876. It is a widely distributed species, being known from India, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka southwest to the Seychelles, Mauritius and Réunion and on to Egypt, east and South Africa and southern Europe. Eastward from India it extends through Indonesia and Malaysia to Taiwan and Australia. It is also found in Japan, the West Indies, North America and Hawaii.
Medicarpin is a pterocarpan, a derivative of isoflavonoids.
Acrocalymma is a fungal genus in the family Lophiostomataceae. It was circumscribed in 1987 by Australian botanists John L. Alcorn and John Irwin to contain the species A. medicaginis, found to cause crown and root disease of alfalfa. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words acros and calymma ("hood"). Acrocalymma aquatica, discovered in northern Thailand, was added to the genus in 2012.
Lygus punctatus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae.
Clavibacter insidiosus is a species of Clavibacter. It causes bacterial wilt, with its most notable host being Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Other species in the Medicago genus are also known to be hosts such as Medicago falcata. Additionally, Lotus corniculatus, Melilotus alba, Onobrychis viciifolia, and Trifolium sp. are known hosts.
