VW Cephei

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VW Cephei
VWCepLightCurve.png
A visual band light curve for VW Cephei, adapted from Kreiner and Winiarski (1981) [1]
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0        Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Cepheus [2]
Right ascension 20h 37m 21.5439s [3]
Declination +75° 36 01.467 [3]
Apparent magnitude  (V)7.30 7.84 [4]
Characteristics
A
Spectral type G8V [5]
B
Spectral type K0V [5]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ)RA: +308.71 mas/yr [3]
Dec.: +540.86 mas/yr [3]
Parallax (π)36.25±0.58  mas [3]
Distance 91.00 ± 0.95  ly
(27.90±0.29  pc) [6]
Details
A
Mass 1.13 [4]   M
Radius 0.99 [4]   R
Temperature 5,050 [4]   K
Age 9.029 [7]   Gyr
B
Mass 0.34 [4]   M
Radius 0.57 [4]   R
Temperature 5,342±15 [4]   K
Age 9.029 [7]   Gyr
C
Mass 0.74±0.07 [6]   M
Orbit [4]
PrimaryA
CompanionB
Period (P)0.278315349(12) [6] days
Semi-major axis (a)(1.412±0.010)×106 km
(2.030±0.014  R )
Inclination (i)62.86±0.04°
Orbit [6]
PrimaryAB
CompanionC
Period (P)29.79±0.08 years
Semi-major axis (a)4.33±0.20  AU
Eccentricity (e)0.633±0.007
Inclination (i)33.6±1.2°
Longitude of the node (Ω)17.7±3.1°
Argument of periastron (ω)
(secondary)
239.28±2.88°
Other designations
VW Cep, LHS 3565, SAO 9828, LTT 16039, BD+75 752, GJ 1255, GJ 9703, HD 197433, HIP 101750
Database references
SIMBAD data

VW Cephei (VW Cep) is a triple star in the constellation Cepheus, located roughly at 90.6 light years from the Sun.

The two inner components form an eclipsing contact binary of W Ursae Majoris-type, whose two component stars share a common outer layer. Both are main-sequence stars smaller than the Sun. They take 0.2783 days (roughly 6.7 hours) to revolve around a common barycentre. [7] Jan Schilt discovered that the star is an eclipsing variable, in 1926. [8]

The third component has been detected by analysing the difference between the observed and the predicted time of eclipses, which is caused by the light-time effect of its orbital motion around the pair, and has been independently detected by astrometry. [6] [4] It has an orbital period of 29.79 years around the inner pair. [4] A fourth component has also been proposed to explain additional changes in eclipse timing, but it was later found that the period variations are more likely caused by mass transfer between components via the Applegate mechanism, rather than the presence of a fourth companion. [4]

References

  1. Kreiner, J. M.; Winiarski, M. (January 1981). "Photoelectric observations and light curve variations of VW Cephei". Acta Astronomica. 31 (3): 351–361. Bibcode:1981AcA....31..351K . Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  2. Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters . 38 (5): 331. arXiv: 1108.4971 . Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. XHIP record for this object at VizieR.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics . 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv: 0708.1752 . Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID   18759600.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Mitnyan, T.; Bódi, A.; Szalai, T.; Vinkó, J.; Szatmáry, K.; Borkovits, T.; Bíró, B. I.; Hegedüs, T.; Vida, K.; Pál, A. (2018-04-01). "The contact binary VW Cephei revisited: surface activity and period variation". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 612: A91. arXiv: 1801.06036 . Bibcode:2018A&A...612A..91M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731402. ISSN   0004-6361.
  5. 1 2 Yang, Yuan-Gui (February 2011). "A photometric study of the K-type contact binary EI CVn". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 11 (2): 181–190. Bibcode:2011RAA....11..181Y. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/11/2/006. ISSN   1674-4527.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Zasche & Wolf, M. (2007). "Combining astrometry with the light-time effect: The case of VW Cep, zeta Phe and HT Vir". Astronomische Nachrichten. 328 (9): 928–938. arXiv: 0711.3980 . Bibcode:2007AN....328..928Z. doi:10.1002/asna.200710828. S2CID   14956926.
  7. 1 2 3 Latković, Olivera; Čeki, Atila; Lazarević, Sanja (May 2021). "Statistics of 700 Individually Studied W UMa Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 254 (1): 10. arXiv: 2103.06693 . Bibcode:2021ApJS..254...10L. doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/abeb23 . ISSN   0067-0049.
  8. Schilt, J. (November 1926). "Two new variables stars of the type of W Ursae Majoris". Astrophysical Journal. 64: 215–224. Bibcode:1926ApJ....64..215S. doi:10.1086/143006 . Retrieved 23 January 2025.