Valerianella radiata | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Dipsacales |
Family: | Caprifoliaceae |
Genus: | Valerianella |
Species: | V. radiata |
Binomial name | |
Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr. | |
Valerianella radiata, synonyms Valerianella stenocarpa and Valerianella woodsiana, common name beaked cornsalad, is a plant native to the United States. [1] It is an annual self pollinating flowering plant and besides being edible there are no known uses. [2] Valerianella radiata flowers from April- May. [3]
Valerianella radiata typically grows to a height of 0.6 m (2 ft). [2] Flowers are perfect. [3] It has 5 white flower petals that are arranged bilaterally symmetrical with fused sepals. [3] The leaves are simple, entire, and toothed [3] with opposite arrangement of two leaves per node on stem. [4] It has 3 stamens, [4] one pistil with three carpels, an inferior ovary with 3 locules and one ovule per locule, slightly 3-lobed stigmas and produces dry fruit 2 - 2.5 mm long. [3] Valerianella radiata has a corolla length of less than 2 mm. [5] The fruit is usually yellowish and glabrous to finely pubescent and the fertile cells are slightly narrower than sterile cells. [6] A groove forms between the narrow and fertile sides of the fruit. [6] It is a self-fertile plant due to having both male and female organs. [2] Stems are hollow and ascend to erect, dichotomously branching (an important diagnostic character), angled, and glabrous to sparse pubescence on stem wing margins. [3] Basal leaves are sessile, short-petiolate, spatulate, obovate with bases fused around the stem, glabrous along margins and midvein of the undersurface. [3] Inflorescences are clusters that are small, dense, and usually paired on branch tips that have lanceolate bracts to narrowly elliptic. [3]
Valerianella radiata distribution is in deciduous forest regions of the eastern United States. [7] This species is commonly found in creek beds, roadsides, ditches, clearings, hilltops, and pasture lands. [7] Valerianella radiata can be found in areas ranging from moderate shade to full sunlight exposure. [5] Valerianella radiata may be present in Japan as an introduced plant. [8]
It is listed as a special concern and believed extinct in Connecticut, [9] and listed as endangered in New Jersey. It is listed as a weed in other parts of the United States. [1]
Valerianella radiata is an annual, meaning that it grows from a seed, produces seeds, and dies all within a growing season, leaving dormant seeds. [10] Valerianella radiata has funnelform flowers which commonly leads to inbreeding. [7] This species has two varieties: var. radiata and var. fernaldii [7] . Valerianella radiata was originally described by Linnaeus [7] but was later renamed by Dufresne, Pierre. [11]
This plant is not known to be toxic. [2]
Young raw leaves and the roots of the plant are edible. [2] Roots of plant are an unlikely food source due to their minuscule size. [2]
Valerianella radiata is a common weed found in some gardens of the southeastern United States due to suitability in many types of soils and pH levels. [2] Applications of 0.11 kg glyphosate/ha was used to controlled V. radiata in non-crop situations [12] .
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