Terrestrial television is a type of television broadcasting in which the television signal is transmitted by radio waves from the terrestrial (Earth-based) transmitter of a television station to a TV receiver having an antenna. The term terrestrial is more common in Europe and Latin America, while in Canada and the United States it is called broadcast or over-the-air television (OTA). The term "terrestrial" is used to distinguish this type from the newer technologies of satellite television, in which the television signal is transmitted to the receiver from an overhead satellite; cable television, in which the signal is carried to the receiver through a cable; and Internet Protocol television, in which the signal is received over an Internet stream or on a network utilizing the Internet Protocol. Terrestrial television stations broadcast on television channels with frequencies between about 52 and 600 MHz in the VHF and UHF bands. Since radio waves in these bands travel by line of sight, reception is generally limited by the visual horizon to distances of 64–97 kilometres (40–60 mi), although under better conditions and with tropospheric ducting, signals can sometimes be received hundreds of kilometers distant.
Multichannel Television Sound, better known as MTS, is the method of encoding three additional audio channels into an analog NTSC-format audio carrier. It was developed by the Broadcast Television Systems Committee, an industry group, and sometimes known as BTSC as a result.
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 15 is an oft-quoted part of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations regarding unlicensed transmissions. It is a part of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and regulates everything from spurious emissions to unlicensed low-power broadcasting. Nearly every electronics device sold inside the United States radiates unintentional emissions, and must be reviewed to comply with Part 15 before it can be advertised or sold in the US market.
WRGB, virtual and VHF digital channel 6, is a CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Schenectady, New York, United States and serving New York's Capital District (Albany–Schenectady–Troy) as well as Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group, it is part of a duopoly with CW affiliate WCWN. Both stations share studios on Balltown Road in Niskayuna, New York, while WRGB's transmitter is located on the Helderberg Escarpment west of New Salem. WCWN additionally carries a simulcast of WRGB's main channel in 720p high definition on subchannel 45.3 for the convenience of UHF viewers who have trouble receiving WRGB's VHF signal.
WXTV-DT, virtual channel 41, is a Univision owned-and-operated television station licensed to Paterson, New Jersey, United States and serving the New York City television market. It is one of two East Coast flagship stations of the Spanish-language network. Owned by the Univision Local Media subsidiary of Univision Communications, WXTV-DT is part of a de facto triopoly with Newark, New Jersey-licensed UniMás co-flagship WFUT-DT and Smithtown, New York-licensed True Crime Network affiliate WFTY-DT. The stations share studios on Frank W. Burr Boulevard in Teaneck, New Jersey; WXTV-DT and WFUT-DT share transmitter facilities at the Empire State Building in Midtown Manhattan.
WFUT-DT, virtual channel 68, is a UniMás owned-and-operated television station licensed to Newark, New Jersey, United States and serving the New York City television market. It is one of two East Coast flagship stations of the Spanish-language network. Owned by the Univision Local Media subsidiary of Univision Communications, WFUT-DT is part of a de facto triopoly with Paterson, New Jersey-licensed Univision co-flagship WXTV-DT and Smithtown, New York-licensed True Crime Network affiliate WFTY-DT. The stations share studios on Frank W. Burr Boulevard in Teaneck, New Jersey; WFUT-DT and WXTV-DT share transmitter facilities at the Empire State Building in Midtown Manhattan.
WFPA-CD, virtual channel 28, is a low-powered, Class A UniMás owned-and-operated television station licensed to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Owned by the Univision Local Media subsidiary of Univision Communications, it is sister to the group's duopoly of Vineland, New Jersey-licensed Univision owned-and-operated station WUVP-DT and Wildwood, New Jersey-licensed True Crime Network affiliate WMGM-TV. The three stations share studios on North Delsea Drive in Vineland; WFPA-CD's transmitter is located in the Roxborough section of Philadelphia.
WMBC-TV, virtual channel 63, is an independent television station licensed to Newton, New Jersey, United States and serving the New York metropolitan area. The station is owned by the Mountain Broadcasting Corporation. WMBC-TV's studios are located in West Caldwell, New Jersey. Its primary transmitter is located on the campus of Montclair State University, with a secondary transmitter atop the Empire State Building in midtown Manhattan.
WVIT, virtual channel 30, branded on-air as NBC Connecticut or NBC CT, is an NBC owned-and-operated television station licensed to New Britain, Connecticut, United States and serving the Hartford–New Haven television market. Owned by the NBC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of NBCUniversal, it is sister to Hartford-licensed Class A Telemundo owned-and-operated station WRDM-CD. Both stations share studios on New Britain Avenue in West Hartford and transmitter facilities on Rattlesnake Mountain in Farmington, Connecticut.
WKOI-TV, virtual channel 43, is an Ion owned-and-operated television station serving Dayton, Ohio, United States that is licensed to Richmond, Indiana. The station is owned by the Ion Media subsidiary of the Cincinnati-based E. W. Scripps Company. WKOI-TV's studios are located on South 9th Street in Richmond; transmission facilities are provided by unrelated Dayton-licensed NBC affiliate WDTN, which shares its digital channel with WKOI-TV, along with WDTN's sister station, Springfield, Ohio-licensed CW affiliate WBDT ; the transmitter is located on Frytown Road in southwest Dayton.
WPXD-TV, virtual channel 31, is an Ion Television-affiliated station serving Detroit, Michigan, United States that is licensed to Ann Arbor. The station is owned by Inyo Broadcast Holdings. WPXD-TV's studios and transmitter are located on West 11 Mile Road in Southfield.
A television station is a set of equipment managed by a business, organisation or other entity, such as an amateur television (ATV) operator, that transmits video content and audio content via radio waves directly from a transmitter on the earth's surface to any number of tuned receivers simultaneously.
WNYJ-TV, virtual channel 66, was an independent non-commercial educational television station licensed to West Milford, New Jersey, United States. The station's transmitter was located in West Orange, New Jersey. Its broadcast license was owned by the Oakland, California-based Christian broadcast ministry Family Stations, who from 1996 through 2013 operated it as WFME-TV, a religious television station.
WNYI, virtual channel 52, is a Daystar owned-and-operated television station licensed to Ithaca, New York, United States and serving the Elmira, Binghamton and Syracuse television markets. The station is owned by Word of God Fellowship. WNYI's transmitter is located on Quarry Road in Moravia, New York. It is rebroadcast in Syracuse on WDSS-LD, a low-power translator station that broadcasts on UHF channel 38 from a transmitter in Onondaga.
WMBQ-CD virtual channel 46, is a class A low–power, First Nations Experience-affiliated television station, licensed to New York City. Owned by WNET, the station is sister to the city's two PBS member stations, Newark-licensed WNET and Garden City-licensed WLIW, and a Class A station which, like WMBQ-CD, shares spectrum with WNET: WNDT-CD. The station's transmitter is located at One World Trade Center.
WJLP, virtual channel 33, is a MeTV-affiliated television station, licensed to Middletown Township, New Jersey, United States and serving the New York City television market. Owned by PMCM TV LLC, it is sister station to New York City-licensed independent station WNWT-LD. The two stations share studios in Freehold Township, New Jersey, and transmitter facilities at 4 Times Square in midtown Manhattan.
KC2XAK was the world's first UHF television station, which went on the air on December 29, 1949. It was a rebroadcast/broadcast translator transmitter of New York City's WNBT, and broadcast on 529-535 MHz in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
A broadcast relay station, also known as a satellite station, relay transmitter, broadcast translator (U.S.), re-broadcaster (Canada), repeater or complementary station (Mexico), is a broadcast transmitter which repeats the signal of a radio or television station to an area not covered by the originating station. It expands the broadcast range of a television or radio station beyond the primary signal's original coverage or improves service in the original coverage area. The stations may be used to create a single-frequency network. They may also be used by an AM or FM radio station to establish a presence on the other band.
In North American digital terrestrial television broadcasting, a distributed transmission system is a form of single-frequency network in which a single broadcast signal is fed via microwave, landline, or communications satellite to multiple synchronised terrestrial radio transmitter sites. The signal is then simultaneously broadcast on the same frequency in different overlapping portions of the same coverage area, effectively combining many small transmitters to generate a broadcast area rivalling that of one large transmitter or to fill gaps in coverage due to terrain or localised obstacles.
UHF television broadcasting is the use of ultra high frequency (UHF) radio for over-the-air transmission of television signals. UHF frequencies are used for both analog and digital television broadcasts. UHF channels are typically given higher channel numbers, like the US arrangement with VHF channels (initially) 1 to 13, and UHF channels (initially) numbered 14 to 83. Compared with an equivalent VHF television transmitter, to cover the same geographic area with a UHF transmitter requires a higher effective radiated power, implying a more powerful transmitter or a more complex antenna. However, the additional channels allow more broadcasters in a given region without causing objectionable mutual interference.
