Waino, Wisconsin | |
|---|---|
  Waino  Waino | |
| Coordinates: 46°38′23″N91°34′25″W / 46.63972°N 91.57361°W | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Wisconsin |
| County | Douglas |
| Town | Brule |
| Elevation | 289 m (948 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code(s) | 715 and 534 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1576147 [1] |
Waino is an unincorporated community in the town of Brule, Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States. [1]
Waino's "Round Finn Hall" was a "Finn hall", a cultural center of Finnish Americans. It was the site to a number of gatherings related to the American radical movement in the 1920s and 1930s. [2] The county seat of Douglas County, Superior, as well as the neighboring city of Duluth, Minnesota, were in the early 20th century a regional center of industry, including timber production and shipping, ore docks, commercial shops, and railway yards. [3] The region was a center of Finnish-American immigration in America, with Superior additionally the home of Työmies (The Worker), an official publication first of the Finnish Socialist Federation and from 1922 of the Workers (Communist) Party of America.
Waino and its Round Finn Hall made a close and comfortable location for gatherings of radical Finns in a rural setting. From 1925, and for several years thereafter, this was the site of the national summer school of the Communist Party's youth section, the Young Workers League. The Finnish cooperative movement, dominated in the 1920s and early 1930s by Communist Party adherents, also held a number of gatherings and festivals at the location. [2]
Municipalities and communities of Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States | ||
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| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
Finnish Americans comprise Americans with ancestral roots from Finland or Finnish people who immigrated to and reside in the United States. The Finnish-American population numbers a little bit more than 650,000. Many Finnish people historically immigrated to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and the Iron Range of northern Minnesota to work in the mining industry; much of the population in these regions remains of Finnish descent.
Charles Emil Ruthenberg was an American Marxist politician and a founder and head of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). He is one of three Americans to be buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.
Yrjö Elias Sirola was a Finnish socialist politician, writer, teacher, and newspaper editor. He was prominent as an elected official in Finland, as minister of foreign affairs in the 1918 Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic, a founder of the Communist Party of Finland, and as a functionary of the Communist International.
Work People's College was a radical labor college established in Smithville (Duluth), then a suburb of Duluth, Minnesota, in 1907 by the Finnish Socialist Federation of the Socialist Party of America. School administrators and faculty were sympathetic to the syndicalist left wing of the Finnish labor movement and the institution came into the orbit of the Industrial Workers of the World during the 1914-1915 factional battle that split the Finnish Federation. The school ceased operation in 1941.
The Socialist Party of Oregon (SPO) is the name of three closely related organizations — an Oregon state affiliate of the Social Democratic Party of America established in 1897 and continuing into the 1950s, as well as the Oregon state affiliate of the Socialist Party USA from 1992 to 1999.
John Williamson (1903–1974) was a Scottish-born radical best remembered as a top leader of the Communist youth movement in the 1920s in the United States.
The Finnish Socialist Federation was a language federation of the Socialist Party of America which united Finnish language-speaking immigrants in the United States in a national organization designed to conduct propaganda and education for socialism among their community.
Eteenpäin was a Finnish-language daily newspaper launched in New York City in 1921. The paper was the East Coast organ of Finnish-American members of the Communist Party USA. The paper moved to Worcester, Massachusetts in 1922 and to Yonkers, New York in 1931. In 1950 Eteenpäin was merged with the Communist Party's Midwestern Finnish-language daily, Työmies to create Työmies-Eteenpäin, which continued to be published from Superior, Wisconsin into the 1990s.
During the nine decades since its establishment in 1919, the Communist Party USA produced or inspired a vast array of newspapers and magazines in at least 25 different languages. This list of the Non-English press of the Communist Party USA provides basic information on each title, along with links to pages dealing with specific publications in greater depth.
For a number of decades after its establishment in August 1901, the Socialist Party of America produced or inspired a vast array of newspapers and magazines in an array different languages. This list of the Non-English press of the Socialist Party of America provides basic information on each title, along with links to pages dealing with specific publications in greater depth.
The 1922 Bridgman Convention was a secret conclave of the underground Communist Party of America (CPA) held in August 1922 near the small town of Bridgman, Michigan, about 90 miles (140 km) outside of the city of Chicago on the banks of Lake Michigan. The convention, called by the CPA as its annual gathering for the election of officers and making of internal decisions, was attended by a delegate who was secretly an employee of the Bureau of Investigation, who informed his superiors of the date and general location of the gathering. The convention was raided by local and federal law enforcement authorities on August 22, 1922, and a number of participants and a large quantity of documents seized in an operation which garnered national headlines. Two 1923 test trials of the Michigan criminal syndicalism law resulted from the arrests, with trade union leader William Z. Foster freed by a "hung jury," while Communist Party leader C. E. Ruthenberg was convicted. Ruthenberg ultimately died of peritonitis in 1927, just after his appeals were exhausted and just before sentence was enforced. No additional trials associated with the 1922 Bridgman raid were conducted.
The 2nd World Congress of the Communist International was a gathering of approximately 220 voting and non-voting representatives of communist and revolutionary socialist political parties from around the world, held in Petrograd and Moscow from July 19 to August 7, 1920. The 2nd Congress is best remembered for formulating and implementing the 21 Conditions for membership in the Communist International.
The Unemployed Councils of the USA (UC) was a mass organization of the Communist Party, USA established in 1930 in an effort to organize and mobilize unemployed workers to advance party policy goals in preparation for an anticipated final conflict to overthrow capitalism.
Raivaaja was a Finnish-language newspaper published from 1905 to 2009 in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, by Raivaaja Publishing Company. For the first three decades of its existence the publication was closely associated with the Socialist Party of America (SPA). In 1936 as part of a large factional split in the SPA, the former Finnish Socialist Federation severed its connection to become the "Finnish American League for Democracy," with Raivaaja remaining the official organ of this remodeled organization.
The Yokinen Show Trial was a March 1931 public disciplinary proceeding conducted by leaders of the Communist Party, USA (CPUSA) against August Yokinen, a Finnish-American Communist janitor who allegedly denied several African Americans entry to a dance at the Finnish Workers Club in Harlem and made racially disparaging remarks against several African-American members of the organization at a social event. Attended by more an audience of 2,000 people, the "party trial" of Yokinen was publicized across America and was intended to emphasize the CPUSA's commitment to eliminate "White Chauvinism" from its ranks and to thereby bolster its status in the eyes of the black American working class and among white intellectuals seeking an end to racism.
Mesaba Co-op Park is a cooperative park located near Hibbing, Minnesota. It is one of the few remaining continuously operated cooperative parks in the country. A gathering place of the Finnish cooperative movement based on Finnish immigrants to the United States, the park served the ethnic political radicals who energized the Iron Range labor movement and Minnesota's Farmer–Labor Party. The member-owned park is open to the public. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2019.
Co-operative Central Exchange, founded in 1917 and known from the spring of 1931 as Central Co-operative Wholesale, was the coordinating entity of a network of consumers' co-operatives located primarily in the states of the American Upper Midwest. Based in the Great Lakes port city of Superior, Wisconsin, located adjacent to the Finnish enclave of Duluth, Minnesota, the Co-operative Central Exchange produced an array of its own branded products under the "Red Star" and "Co-operators' Best" brand names and did annual volume well in excess of $1 million from 1928 on.
Työmies was a politically radical Finnish-language newspaper published primarily out of Hancock, Michigan, and Superior, Wisconsin. Launched as a weekly in July 1903, the paper later went to daily frequency and was issued under its own name until its merger with the communist newspaper Eteenpäin (Forward) in 1950 to form Työmies-Eteenpäin.
The Western Workman's Co-operative Publishing Company, established in 1907, was a Finnish-language socialist newspaper and book publisher located in Astoria, Oregon, on the Pacific coast of the United States of America. The firm produced the newspapers Toveri, Toveritar, periodicals designed for young readers, as well as books.
Finn halls or Finnish halls were cultural centers of Finnish diaspora communities and labor organizations in the United States and Canada.