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王宗岳 Wang Zongyue | |
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Born | China |
Nationality | Chinese |
Style | Tai chi |
Notable students | Chen Wangting |
Wang Zongyue | |||||||
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Chinese | 王 宗 岳 | ||||||
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Part of a series on |
Chinese martial arts (Wushu) |
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Wang Zongyue was a legendary figure in the history of tai chi. In some writings, Wang is supposed to have been a student of the also legendary Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist monk credited with devising neijia in general and tai chi in particular.
Wang is said to have resided in Taigu, Shanxi in the middle of the 15th Century. He learned an early form of tai chi in the Jingtai Taoist Temple in Baoji. Two of Wang's supposed disciples, Chen Wangting and Jiang Fa, went on to make important contributions to the development of modern tai chi. [1]
Wang is reputed to have authored The Tai Chi Treatise, alleged by the Wu brothers to have been found in Beijing as part of the Salt Shop Manuals in the mid 19th century. This treatise records many tai chi proverbs; among them: "four ounces deflect one thousand pounds" and "a feather cannot be added; nor can a fly alight". The Tai Chi Treatise is among a body of literature collectively referred to as the tai chi classics .
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Solid lines | Direct teacher-student. | Zhang Sanfeng* c. 12th century NEIJIA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dashed lines | Individual(s) omitted. | Various Taoists | Legendary figures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dotted lines | Partial influence /taught informally /limited time. | Wang Zongyue* TAI CHI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dashed cross | Branch continues. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chen Wangting 1580–1660 CHEN-STYLE | (蒋法) Jiang Fa Zhaobao-style | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(陈汝信) Chen Ruxin 2nd gen. Chen | (陈所乐) Chen Suole 2nd gen. Chen | (邢喜怀) Xing Xihuai 2nd gen. Zhaobao | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(陈大鹍) Chen Dakun 3rd gen. Chen | (陈大鹏) Chen Dapeng 3rd gen. Chen | (陈光印) Chen Guangyin 3rd gen. Chen | (陈申如) Chen Shenru 3rd gen. Chen | (陈恂如) Chen Xunru 3rd gen. Chen | (陈正如) Chen Zhengru 3rd gen. Chen | (张楚臣) Zhang Chuchen 3rd gen. Zhaobao | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(陈善通) Chen Shantong 4th gen. Chen | (陈善志) Chen Shanzhi 4th gen. Chen | (陈继夏) Chen Jixia 4th gen. Chen | (陈节) Chen Jie 4th gen. Chen | (陈敬伯) Chen Jingbo 4th gen. Chen 4th gen. Zhaobao | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(陈秉奇) Chen Bingqi 5th gen. Chen | (陈秉壬) Chen Bingren 5th gen. Chen | (陈秉旺) Chen Bingwang 1748–? 5th gen. Chen | (陈公兆) Chen Gongzhao 1715– after 1795 5th gen. Chen | Zhang Zongyu 5th gen. Zhaobao | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chen Changxing 1771–1853 6th gen. Chen Chen Old Frame | Chen Youben c. 19th century 6th gen. Chen Chen Small Frame | (张彦) Zhang Yan 6th gen. Zhaobao | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(陈耕耘) Chen Gengyun 7th gen. Chen | (陈仲甡) Chen Zhongshen 1809–1871 7th gen. Chen Chen Small Frame | Yang Luchan 1799–1872 YANG-STYLE Guang Ping Yang Yangjia Michuan | Chen Qingping 1795–1868 7th gen. Chen 7th gen. Zhaobao | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chen Yanxi 8th gen. Chen | (陈鑫) Chen Xin 1849–1929 8th gen. Chen Chen Small Frame | (王兰亭) Wang Lanting 1840–? 2nd gen. Yang | Yang Jianhou 1839–1917 2nd gen. Yang 2nd gen. Yangjia Michuan | Yang Banhou 1837–1892 2nd gen. Yang 2nd gen. Guang Ping Yang Yang Small Frame | Wu Yuxiang 1812–1880 WU (HAO)-STYLE | (他招远) He Zhaoyuan 1810–1890 8th gen. Zhaobao Zhaobao He-style | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chen Fake 1887–1957 9th gen. Chen Chen New Frame | (陈克忠) Chen Kezhong 1908–1966 9th gen. Chen Chen Small Frame | (李瑞东) Li Ruidong 1851–1917 Li-style | Yang Chengfu 1883–1936 3rd gen. Yang Yang Big Frame | Yang Shaohou 1862–1930 3rd gen. Yang Yang Small Frame | Wu Quanyou 1834–1902 1st gen. Wu | (王矯宇) Wang Jiaoyu 1836–1939 3rd gen. Guang Ping Yang | (李亦畬) Li Yiyu 1832–1892 2nd gen. Wu (Hao) | (和庆喜) He Qingxi 1857–1936 9th gen. Zhaobao | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(陈照丕) Chen Zhaopi 1893–1972 10th gen. Chen focused on Chen Old Frame | (陈照奎) Chen Zhaokui 1928–1981 10th gen. Chen focused on Chen New Frame | (陈伯祥) Chen Boxiang b. 1944 10th gen. Chen Chen Small Frame | Zhang Qinlin 1888–1967 3rd gen. Yangjia Michuan | Yang Zhenduo 1926–2020 4th gen. Yang | Fu Zhongwen 1903–1994 4th gen. Yang Beijing (24) form | Cheng Man-ch'ing 1902–1975 4th gen. Yang Short (37) Form | Wu Jianquan 1870–1942 2nd gen. Wu WU-STYLE 108 Form | Kuo Lien Ying 1895–1984 4th gen. Guang Ping Yang | Hao Weizhen 1849–1920 3rd gen. Wu (Hao) | (郑悟清) Zheng Wuqing 1895–1984 10th gen. Zhaobao | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wu Gongyi 1900–1970 3rd gen. Wu | Sun Lutang 1861–1932 SUN-STYLE | (郝月如) Hao Yueru 1877–1935 4th gen. Wu (Hao) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(王延年) Wang Yannian 1914–2008 5th gen. Yang 4th gen. Yangjia Michuan | Cheng Tin Hung 1930–2005 Wudang-style | Wu Yanxia 1930–2001 4th gen. Wu | (孙剑云) Sun Jianyun 1913–2003 2nd gen. Sun | (郝少如) Hao Shaoru 1908–1983 5th gen. Wu (Hao) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chen Xiaowang b. 1945 11th gen. Chen | (陈小星) Chen Xiaoxing b. 1952 11th gen. Chen | (陆志众) Lu Zhizhong b. 1965 11th gen. Chen Chen Small Frame | Yang Jun b. 1968 5th gen. Yang | Wu Kuang-yu b. 1946 5th gen. Wu | (孙永田) Sun Yongtian b. ? 3rd gen. Sun | (刘积顺) Liu Jishun b. 1930 6th gen. Wu (Hao) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CHEN-STYLE | Chen Small Frame | YANG-STYLE | WU-STYLE | SUN-STYLE | WU (HAO)-STYLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Some Karate scholars theorize about the legendary Chinese master known in Okinawa as Kushanku, being in fact Wang Zongyue [2]
Nei jia is the collective name for the internal Chinese martial arts. It relates to those martial arts occupied with spiritual, mental or qi-related aspects, as opposed to an "external" approach focused on physiological aspects. The distinction dates to the 17th century, but its modern application is due to publications by Sun Lutang, dating to the period of 1915 to 1928. Nei jing is developed by using nei gong or "internal changes", contrasted with wài gōng or "external exercises".
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Zhang Sanfeng refers to a legendary Chinese Taoist who many believe invented tai chi. However, other sources point to early versions of Tai Chi predating Sanfeng. He was purported to have achieved immortality.
Wu (Hao)-style tai chi is one of the five primary styles of tai chi. It was created in the mid-nineteenth century by Wu Yuxiang, a member of a wealthy and influential family in Yongnian, Hebei, China. Wu trained for approximately ten years with the founder of Yang-style tai chi, and then for over a month with a Chen-style master. Wu also obtained a manual on internal martial arts that formed the core of what are now known as the tai chi classics and include Wu's own writing on the subject. From these sources Wu and his family developed their own style, and may also have developed much of the cultural and intellectual foundation of tai chi as well.
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Wu Jianquan was a famous teacher and founder of the neijia martial art of Wu-style tai chi in late Imperial and early Republican China.
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Wu Kung-tsao or Wu Gongzao (1902–1983) was a famous Chinese teacher of t'ai chi ch'uan. He taught in Beijing, Shanghai, Changsha and Hong Kong. The second son of Wu Chien-ch'üan, he was the grandson of the first teacher of Wu-style t'ai chi ch'uan, Wu Ch'uan-yü. Wu Kung-tsao was the younger brother of Wu Kung-i and the older brother of Wu Ying-hua. The Wu family were originally of Manchu ancestry.
Wu Quanyou was an influential teacher of tai chi in late Imperial China. His son is credited as the founder of the Wu-style tai chi. As he was of Manchu descent, and would have been named by his family in Manchu, the name "Wú" (吳) was a sinicisation that approximated the pronunciation of the first syllable of his Manchu clan name, U Hala.
Wu Daxin or Wu Ta-hsin (1933–2005) was a Chinese tai chi teacher who lived most of his life in Hong Kong. He was the great-grandson Wu-style tai chi founder Wu Quanyou and the grandson of the well-known teacher Wu Jianquan. He directed the Wu family's lineage for four years from the Wu family headquarters in Hong Kong after the death of his cousin Wu Yanxia.
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The tai chi classics are a collection of over 100 articles on the Chinese martial art of tai chi written by the art's master practitioners over the centuries. They cover everything from the underlying Taiji philosophical principles, to methods of practice and application. Previously passed down in secret from generation to generation in whole or in parts through various lineages, they achieved classical status as they became public starting in the mid-1930s. Together they now serve as the single authoritative guide for the development and usage of tai chi skills. Written mostly in classical Chinese, they are used today mostly by the serious martial art practitioners of modern 6 Lineages that all trace their lineages to the ancient style taught by the Chen family and Yang family starting in the mid-19th century.
Wang Maozhai was one of Wu Quanyou's of Wu-style t'ai chi ch'uan three primary disciples. When Wu Quanyou's son Wu Jianquan moved from Beijing to Shanghai in 1928 he remained to lead the Wu-style Beijing group. He was the founder of the Beijing Tai Miao Tai chi Research Centre. In 1929, the first documentary book on Wu-style Tai chi "The record of Wu Style Tai Chi Chuan" was published by Wang Maozhai with Wu Jianquan and Guo Fen. His primary disciple was Yang Yuting.
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Wang Peisheng was a teacher of Wu-style tai chi. He was a student of Yang Yuting and Wang Maozhai.
Yang Zhenduo, a native of Yongnian, Hebei, was born in Beijing, China, into the famous Yang family of martial artists. A son of Yang Chengfu and a great-grandson of Yang Luchan, Yang Zhenduo was a fourth-generation descendant of the Yang Family of tai chi, and was the fourth lineage-holder of the style.
Chen Wangting (1580–1660), courtesy name Chen Zouting, was a Ming dynasty officer who may have founded Chen-style tai chi, one of the five major styles of the popular Chinese martial art. He reputedly devised his style of tai chi after his retirement following the fall of the Ming dynasty.
Wudangquan is a class of Chinese martial arts. In contemporary China, Chinese martial arts styles are generally classified into two major groups: Wudang (Wutang), named after the Wudang Mountains; and Shaolin, named after the Shaolin Monastery. Whereas Shaolin includes many martial art styles, Wudangquan includes only a few arts that use the focused mind to control the body. This typically encompasses tai chi, xingyiquan and baguazhang, but must also include bajiquan and Wudang Sword. Although the name Wudang simply distinguishes the skills, theories and applications of the internal arts from those of the Shaolin styles, it misleadingly suggests these arts originated at the Wudang Mountains. The name Wudang comes from a popular Chinese legend that incorrectly purports the genesis of tai chi and Wudang Sword by an immortal, Taoist hermit named Zhang Sanfeng who lived in the monasteries of Wudang Mountain. Wudang quan is often used synonymously with Neijia, but strictly speaking Neijia is a broader term that also encompasses, for example, Aikido and Qigong, which are not Wudang quan.
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Wu-style tai chi is one of the five main styles of tai chi. It is second in popularity after Yang-style, and the fourth-oldest of the five major tai chi styles. It was developed by Wu Quanyou and Wu Jianquan.