^A:The party argues that "the left-right dichotomy is no longer valid."[8] However, it has been described as far-left[9][10][11][12] and left-wing by the international media,[13] national media,[14] regional media,[15] as well as political scientists.[16]
Workers' Front (Spanish: Frente Obrero, FO) is a left-wing[17] to far-left[18] Spanish political party founded as a mass organization by the anti-revisionist party PML (RC) in October 2018 and registered as a separate political party in March 2019. As of 2024, it is headed by Roberto Vaquero. It considers itself a “patriotic and revolutionary movement that fights for and on behalf of workers, for and on behalf of Spain”, with the goal of implementing “drastic changes” in Spain and “ending the current regime”.[19] It is considered a communist formation[20] that adheres to Marxist-Leninism, but one with deeply conservative stances on social and cultural issues.[6]
The party was founded by Roberto Vaquero, who also founded the Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) (CR) in 2009. The party was temporarily outlawed in 2016 when Vaquero was arrested in 2016 for organizing the transport of Spanish militias to the People's Defense Units in Syria to fight against ISIS; Vaquero was suspected to have ties with the Kurdistan Workers' Party, which is considered a terrorist organization by the European Union, although no evidences were found later. Vaquero was in jail for 49 days in jail, and the party resumed activities in 2017, before Vaquero founded Frente Obrero in 2018.[22]
In 2021, the party participated in Okupas, a Spanish squatting movement. Frente Obrero occupied a prestigous builing in Mercado de Colón district in Valencia. It organized a food bank and the homeless shelter in the building, attacking the local government for not helping over 1000 homeless people in Valencia. The party also hung the flag of the Second Spanish Republic on the building.[23]
In May 2021, the members of the party organized a protests against the leader of the Podemos party Irene Montero, in Valencia. The part accused Montero and her party of "leaving the workers in the lurch", claiming that the Podemos party organizes bailouts to banks and companies while Spanish workers are going "months without pay and suffering evictions". Frente Obrero protesters argued that the feminist and pro-LGBT stances taken by Montero are "symbolic struggles that do not represent reality".[24]
On June 12, 2022, their first congress was held. During the congress the decision to become a political party was approved by the members. Representatives from other organizations, such as the Polisario Front, spoke during the congress.[25]
In late 2023, the group announced they would be participating in the 2023 Spanish protests against the PSOE government.[26]
Since then, they, and especially their leader, Roberto Vaquero, have gained presence in social media and even national televisions in Spain, participating in debates on current political issues in programs such as Horizonte, on channel Cuatro.[27]
Frente Obrero has been described as a party that adheres to Marxism-Leninism with conservative stances on social and cultural issues.[6][29] It has also been described as Stalinist.[30] However, despite being strongly connected with the PML(RC) and supporting far-left ideologies such as Marxism-Leninism, the FO is not explicitly communist. However, the party is described as communist by the Spanish newspapers of record, such as El Mundo, who classified Frente Obrero as "a communist, republican, anti-oligarchic party".[31] The party rejects the labels of political left and right, arguing that they "are two sides of the same coin".[8] However, it is considered left-wing by political commentators as well as political scientists;[13][14][15][16] it has also been commonly described as far-left,[9][10][11][12] with one Valencian newspaper arguing that the party is "about as far left as you can get".[23] The The European Conservative described the party as a representative of the "patriotic, pre-woke, pro-work left."[8]
The leader of Frente Obrero, Roberto Vaquero, wrote of the party: "The need for workers' reorganisation is vital, it is necessary to fight for workers' and revolutionary unity in a broad, united front of all workers. With this aim in mind, the Frente Obrero was born, which only tries to serve the unity of all those who want to rebuild a revolutionary, working class and militant left, which truly resists this system and its single thinking, which defends the workers, our country and which of course is aimed at the transformation and progress of our society." He defined Frente Obrero as a "national political and revolutionary front with the aim of fighting for the unity of the workers and for the transformation of our society, it is committed to a popular and federal Republic aimed at socialism."[32]
The party opposes immigration, advocates strict border control and argues that the wages of Spanish workers are declining because of liberal immigration laws. However, the party also stresses that “immigrants are not to blame” and are “victims”, with the real culprit being “the capitalist system, which promotes this type of migration to exploit them and lower wages in Spain” and that “the most rancid right uses immigration to generate hatred and social confrontation”. Thus, the party recommends strict control of immigration, including the immediate expulsion of illegal immigrants.[30]
Frente Obrero is heavily critical of socially progressive left-wing parties. The party accused Podemos of being "a pawn at the service of big business and banks", while arguing that Más País is "leaving the workers on the street". Frente Obrero argues that the mainstream left-wing parties of Spain alienated the workers and caused the rise of the far-right Vox by embracing neoliberal ecoomics as well as "gender ideology".[36] The party also argues that there are many similarities between fascism and liberalism.[37]
The party also opposes the independence of Catalonia, arguing that the pro-independence Catalan parties "do not even represent independence" and instead have "fostered Islamisation and mass immigration in Catalonia". The party calls for Catalan voters to reject "Islamisation and the fictitious separatist process".[38] The party instead proposes to turn Spain into a federation.[8] It also supports Spanish ownership of Ceuta and Mellila, and decries Moroccan claim to these cities.[39]
While Frente Obrero defines itself within the framework of Marxism-Leninism, it heavily incorporates nationalist and patriotic themes into its message. The party stresses and promoted the need to defend the 'national sovereignty' of Spain, as well as revolutionary patriotism and national pride. Within its communist rhetoric, Frente Obrero particulary stresses the policies and ideas of Stalinism.[40] It also condemns the May 68 protests, with leader of the party, Roberto Vaquero, claiming: "The left today is the heir of May 1968, when, as Pasolini said , the most working-class people in that conflict were the police, who were at least the sons of peasants. The students were, for the most part, the sons of rich people, since money was needed to study. The left today is empty, there is no revolution."[28]
Criticism
The party has been criticized by other leftist organizations as transphobic because of denying the gender ideology and the idea that the gender (especially being a woman) is only a "feeling".
Moreover, they have considered it reactionary and racist because of being strongly opossed to the increasing presence of islamic immigration not integrated into European societies (sometimes non-respectful with women's or LGBT's rignts, other times linked to higher crime rates than the native population, or with violent events motivated by religious fanaticism).
In addition, they have been compared (negatively) to the right-wing party Vox[41][42] because of some coincidences in the aforementioned ideas.
It has also been accused of giving credit to the Great Replacement theory, despite the fact that it is a logical consequence of the combination of the current European demography and the current migratory patterns.[43]
In 2023, FO was accused of having received money from the Algerian government by Euromagreb. This was later denied by the party.[45]
The party has been called "left-wing VOX" given its conservative stances on social issues, such as its opposition to immigration, LGBT and feminism, as well as attacking the "islamization" of Spain and "gender ideology". However, Spanish political analyst Asier Balaguer Navarro rejects this claim, writing: "Yes, in the sense that many of its proposals, precisely those that coincide with the conservative party, have a lot of social resonance, and are easily assimilated by the electoral objective of the party; also yes, because of the confrontation with political correctness, defense of the unity of Spain or the rejection of the "woke laws". But that is where the similarities end. The Workers' Front is against the EU, it still has a communist base in which the public and the planned are a substantial part of its economic theories; it is openly republican, anti-NATO, secular..."[34]
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↑ "¿Interseccionando el capitalismo?". Barbaria (in Spanish). 27 December 2021. A esta Sagrada Familia de defensores del pasado capitalista hay que unir a otros más explícitamente contrarrevolucionarios, como el youtuber venido a más Roberto Vaquero. Vaquero es el líder del grupo estalinista (de la rama proalbanesa) Frente Obrero. En sus vídeos, al criticar la postmodernidad en nombre del capitalismo de Stalin y de la contrarrevolución que masacró al proletariado y sus minorías revolucionarias en el pasado, nos ayuda a entender de un modo más claro aún lo falaz de la dicotomía postmodernidad-antipostmodernidad. Cuando todos estos autores reivindican a la clase obrera, en realidad, no están reivindicando al proletariado como clase revolucionaria, en el sentido de Marx y de nuestra tradición, sino a la clase obrera sociológica, explotada, reducida a los engranajes de la sociedad capitalista con sus patrias, su lógica productiva y obrerista. Su tradición es la del nacionalcomunismo, que tiene detrás de sí una larga historia.
Forti, Steven (20 December 2023). "El parasitismo ideológico de las nuevas extremas derechas. Gramscistas de derechas y rojipardos en Francia, Italia y España (1968-2022)". Estudos Ibero-Americanos (in Spanish). 49 (1). PUCRS: 19. doi:10.15448/1980-864X.2023.1.44161. ISSN1980-864X. A partir de 2019, el retroceso electoral de Podemos ha planteado la apertura de un posible espacio para opciones rojipardas, representadas por algunos de los sectores críticos con la formación fundada por Pablo Iglesias y experiencias como la del Frente Obrero, liderado por Roberto Vaquero, movimiento que mezcla el marxismo-leninismo con posiciones ultraconservadoras en temas de valores (GÓMEZ URZAIZ, 2022; FORTI, 2021).
1 2 Balaguer Navarro, Asier (29 January 2024). "El fenómeno del Frente Obrero en España". Nueva Libertad (in Spanish). El Frente Obrero está en contra de la UE, sigue teniendo una base comunista en la que lo público y lo planificado son parte sustancial de sus teorías económica; es abiertamente republicano, anti OTAN, laico…
↑ "Sobre el Frente Obrero y los migrantes: del patriotismo socialista al nacional bolchevismo". indymedia.org (in Spanish). 25 April 2023. Porque al reivindicar, el Frente Obrero, en la España imperialista y capitalista del siglo XXI, el patriotismo socialista del FRAP y el PCE (m-l), nacido durante las incertidumbres del tardofranquismo, dicho patriotismo se deposita, preferentemente, en aquellos sectores obreros o de clase media que no están alienados nacionalmente al poseer, aunque precariamente, dichos derechos de ciudadanía.
1 2 3 Forti, Steven (20 December 2023). "El parasitismo ideológico de las nuevas extremas derechas. Gramscistas de derechas y rojipardos en Francia, Italia y España (1968-2022)". Estudos Ibero-Americanos (in Spanish). 49 (1). PUCRS: 19. doi:10.15448/1980-864X.2023.1.44161. ISSN1980-864X. A partir de 2019, el retroceso electoral de Podemos ha planteado la apertura de un posible espacio para opciones rojipardas, representadas por algunos de los sectores críticos con la formación fundada por Pablo Iglesias y experiencias como la del Frente Obrero, liderado por Roberto Vaquero, movimiento que mezcla el marxismo-leninismo con posiciones ultraconservadoras en temas de valores (GÓMEZ URZAIZ, 2022; FORTI, 2021).
↑ "Una crítica marxista al programa electoral del Frente Obrero (1º Parte)". canarias-semanal.org (in Spanish). 17 July 2023. El PML (RC), partido que tenía una línea marxista vulgar y con ciertas filias hacia el hoxhaismo, pareció recoger el guante de su secretario general y comenzó a tener una línea muy similar a la del canal de Youtube de su líder. En 2018, ya pasado todo lo relacionado con el problema que les originó su participación en la guerra imperialista en Siria, el PML(RC) fundó el Frente Obrero, al que quisieron convertir en su "frente de masas".
1 2 3 Veiga, Diego Rodríguez (17 May 2021). "Carmen, la joven de Frente Obrero que escrachea a Irene Montero: "Se llena la boca con el feminismo"". El Español (in Spanish). Detrás del escrache están los mismos que intentaron expulsar a Iglesias de la Complutense: el grupo de extrema izquierda Frente Obrero, capitaneados en esta ocasión por Carmen López, una joven de 23 años que se encuentra cursando el último año de Química y que lleva dos años militando en la organización.
1 2 3 4 Águeda, Pedro (24 July 2023). "El Frente Obrero de Roberto Vaquero obtiene 46.530 votos en las generales". elDiario.es (in Spanish). "Frente Obrero es una formación nacionalista y de izquierdas, que se opone frontalmente a lo que ellos consideran una izquierda identitaria que antepone los derechos de las minorías, incluidos los inmigrantes, a los intereses de la clase trabajadora "española".
1 2 3 Fernández-Villaverde, Jesús (18 June 2024). "Classical Right, New Right, and Voting Behavior: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment"(PDF). AEI Economics Working Paper. 11/2024. University of Pennsylvania: 20. The two most relevant among these parties are an environmentalist party, Partido Animalista con el Medio Ambiente, and a left-wing Spanish nationalist party, Frente Obrero, which may have attracted some of the more pro-labor Vox votes.
↑ ¿Cómo reconstruir la izquierda revolucionaria en España? Combatividad, principios, organización y cultura (in Spanish). Editorial Círculo Rojo. 2020. p.13. ISBN978-84-1374-692-0.
↑ "PROGRAMA". Frente Obrero España (in Spanish). 2022-09-07. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
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