XVIII Airborne Corps

Last updated

II Armored Corps
XVIII Corps
XVIII Airborne Corps
XVIII Airborne Corps CSIB.svg
The XVIII Army Airborne Corps shoulder sleeve insignia
Active1942–1945
1951–present
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
BranchFlag of the United States Army.svg  United States Army
Type Corps
Part of United States Army Forces Command SSI.svg U.S. Army Forces Command
Garrison/HQ Fort Liberty, North Carolina, U.S.
Motto(s)Sky Dragons
Color of Beret  Maroon
Engagements World War II

Persian Gulf War
Global War on Terrorism

Website home.army.mil/liberty/index.php/units-tenants/xviii-airborne-co
Commanders
Current
commander		 LTG Gregory K. Anderson
Notable
commanders		 Matthew Ridgway
John W. Leonard
James J. Lindsay
Thomas J. H. Trapnell
William C. Westmoreland
John W. Bowen
Henry E. Emerson
Hugh Shelton
Lloyd James Austin III
Michael Kurilla
Insignia
Combat service identification badge
US Army 18th Airborne Corps CSIB.png
Distinctive unit insignia
XVIII Airborne Corps DUI.svg
Flag
Flag of the United States Army XVIII Airborne Corps.svg
Beret flash
HHC18ABCorpsBeretFlash.PNG
Background trimming
XVIII Airborne Corps BT.png

The XVIII Airborne Corps is a corps of the United States Army that has been in existence since 1942 and saw extensive service during World War II. The corps is designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world and is referred to as "America's Contingency Corps." Its headquarters are at Fort Liberty, North Carolina. [1]

Contents

History

Earlier formations known as XVIII Corps

The XVIII Airborne Corps is not lineally related to two earlier U.S. Army formations known as the XVIII Corps. The first XVIII Corps was authorized by the National Defense Act of 1920 and constituted in the Regular Army on 29 July 1921. The headquarters and headquarters company were organized on 23 August 1922 with Organized Reserve personnel as "Regular Army Inactive" (RAI) units at Dallas, Texas. The headquarters company was withdrawn from the Eighth Corps Area on 11 January 1927, allotted to the Seventh Corps Area, and organized on 3 August 1927 at Kansas City, Missouri, and relocated on 12 October 1931 to Sioux City, Iowa. The corps headquarters was withdrawn from the Regular Army on 1 October 1933 and demobilized, while the headquarters company remained allotted to the Regular Army.

The second iteration of the XVIII Corps was constituted in the Organized Reserve on 1 October 1933, allotted to the Eighth Corps Area, and assigned to the Third Army. The headquarters was concurrently initiated at San Antonio, Texas, with Reserve personnel previously assigned to the demobilized XVIII Corps (RAI). Concurrently, the headquarters company, XVIII Corps was withdrawn from the Seventh Corps Area and reallotted to the Eighth Corps Area, and reorganized on 25 February 1935 at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. The corps headquarters was redesignated on 1 January 1941 as Headquarters, XVIII Army Corps. The XVIII Corps was not activated prior to World War II and was located in San Antonio as of 7 December 1941 in an inactive reserve status. It was disbanded on 5 September 1945. [2]

World War II

The present XVIII Airborne Corps was constituted in the Regular Army on 14 January 1942, five weeks after the entry of the United States into World War II, as the II Armored Corps, and was activated on 17 January 1942 at Camp Polk, Louisiana, under the command of Major General William Henry Harrison Morris, Jr. When the concept of armored corps proved unnecessary, II Armored Corps was re-designated as XVIII Corps on 9 October 1943 at the Presidio of Monterey, California. [3]

XVIII Corps deployed to Europe on 17 August 1944 and became the XVIII Airborne Corps on 25 August 1944 at Ogbourne St. George, England, assuming command of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions, as part of the preparation for Operation Market Garden. Prior to this time, the two divisions were assigned to VII Corps and jumped into Normandy during Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Normandy, as part of VII Corps. [4]

Major General Matthew Bunker Ridgway, a highly experienced airborne commander who had led the 82nd Airborne Division in Sicily, Italy and Normandy, was chosen to command the corps, which then consisted of the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions and was part of the newly created First Allied Airborne Army.

The corps headquarters did not see service in Operation Market Garden, with the British I Airborne Corps being chosen instead to exercise operational command of all Allied airborne forces in the operation, including the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions.

Following the Battle of the Bulge, in which the corps played a significant part (and which, during the early stages of the battle, the corps was commanded by Major General James M. Gavin of the 82nd Airborne), all American airborne units on the Western Front fell under command of the corps. XVIII Airborne Corps planned and executed Operation Varsity, the airborne component of Operation Plunder, the crossing of the River Rhine into Germany. It was one of the largest airborne operations of the war, with the British 6th and U.S. 17th Airborne Divisions under command. [5]

After taking part in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, the XVIII Airborne Corps, still under Ridgway, returned to the United States in June 1945 and was initially to take part in the invasion of Japan, codenamed Operation Downfall. However, the Japanese surrendered just weeks later and XVIII Airborne Corps was inactivated on 15 October 1945 at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. [5]

World War II units

Cold War

The Corps was reactivated at Fort Bragg on 21 May 1951 under the command of Major General John W. Leonard. Since then, the corps has been the primary strategic response force, with subordinate units participating in over a dozen major operations (listed below) in both combat and humanitarian roles, primarily in Central America and the CENTCOM area of responsibility. [6]

In 1958 the XVIII Airborne Corps was given the additional mission of becoming the Strategic Army Corps. The corps was now tasked, in addition, to provide a flexible strike capability that could deploy worldwide, on short notice, without a declaration of an emergency. The 4th Infantry Division at Fort Lewis, Washington, and the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, were designated as STRAC's first-line divisions, while the 1st Infantry Division at Fort Riley, Kansas, and the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg were to provide backup in the event of general war. The 5th Logistical Command (later inactivated), also at Fort Bragg, would provide the corps with logistics support, while Fort Bragg's XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery would control artillery units. [7]

The Corps deployed forces to the United States occupation of the Dominican Republic ('Operation Power Pack') in 1965.

The Corps deployed forces to the Vietnam War, including the entire 101st Airborne Division and the 3rd Brigade of the 82nd Airborne division.

In 1967 elements of the Corps were deployed to Detroit to suppress riots, and also to The Congo to support the government there and to rescue civilian hostages as part of Operation Dragon Rouge.

In 1982 the Corps first rotated elements to the Sinai Peninsula as part of the Multinational Force and Observers (UN) to guarantee the Camp David Peace Accords. [8]

In 1983 elements of the Corps were deployed to the island of Grenada as part of Operation Urgent Fury, with the stated goal of reestablishing the democratically elected government.

In 1989 XVIII Airborne Corps, commanded by then LTG Carl Stiner, participated in the invasion of Panama in Operation Just Cause. Stiner served concurrently as Commander of Joint Task Force South.

Structure in 1989

NATO Symbol
XVIII (US)
NATO Map Symbol - Unit Size - Corps.svg
Military Symbol - Friendly Unit (Solid Light 1.5x1 Frame)- Airborne Forces (NATO APP-6).svg

At the end of the Cold War in 1989 the corps consisted of the following formations and units:

Desert Storm

In 1991, XVIII Airborne Corps participated in the Persian Gulf War. The corps was responsible for securing VII Corps' northern flank against a possible Iraqi counterattack. Along with the 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions, 24th Infantry Division and 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, XVIII Airborne Corps also gained operational control of the French 6th Light Armor Division (LAD) (which also included units from the French Foreign Legion).

During Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, XVIII Airborne Corps Artillery consisted of the 3d Battalion, 8th Field Artillery; 5th Battalion, 8th Field Artillery; and the 1st Battalion (Airborne), 39th Field Artillery. The living quarters for these three units were situated between the 82d Airborne Division and the Special Forces at Fort Bragg. Of the three units, only 1-39th was airborne qualified and served as the only fully airborne deployable 155 mm Field Artillery unit in history.[ citation needed ] The 1-39th FA and 3-8th FA were key components of the thrust into Iraq in the first Gulf War, providing fire support for the French Foreign Legion and the 82nd Airborne Division.

The 5th Battalion, 8th Field Artillery also served in a major support role for 82d and French troops during the Gulf War. It consisted of three individual batteries. Batteries A and B were Airborne-qualified, while Battery C was air assault. Batteries A and B were assigned to Fort Bragg, North Carolina and Battery C was assigned to Fort Campbell, Kentucky. All of the battalions were subsequently re-flagged during the years following the Gulf War.

Task Force 118 had flown the OH-58D Kiowa Warrior off naval vessels during Operation Prime Chance in the 1980s, operating against Iran in the Persian Gulf. It was redesignated the 4th Squadron, 17th Cavalry on 15 January 1991. [41] During the Gulf War of 1991 it was part of the 18th Aviation Brigade.

Major formations, 1950–2006

The 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions have served with the corps since the 1950s. The 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized) was 'reflagged' as the 3rd Infantry Division (Mechanized) in April 1996. [42]

21st century

The XVIII Airborne Corps command group, led by LTG (later GEN) Lloyd J. Austin, returns home from Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2009 XVIII Abn. Corps headquarters, 2009.jpg
The XVIII Airborne Corps command group, led by LTG (later GEN) Lloyd J. Austin, returns home from Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2009

The Corps headquarters was deployed to Afghanistan from May 2002 – 2003, and became Combined Joint Task Force 180 for the deployment.

XVIII Airborne Corps was deployed from January 2005 to January 2006 to Baghdad, Iraq, where it served as the Multi-National Corps – Iraq. Following its return, XVIII Airborne Corps and its subordinate units began the process of modernization and reorganization.

Under the previous Army Chief of Staff's future restructure of the Army, the corps headquarters of the XVIII Airborne Corps will lose its airborne (specifically parachute) certification as a cost-cutting measure—the same will occur to the divisional headquarters of the 82nd Airborne Division. This plan is designed to follow the U.S. Army's restructuring plan to go from being division-based to brigade-based. This will mean that the largest units that will be airborne – specifically parachute certified – will be at the brigade level. Even so, for traditional and historical reasons, the formation will continue to be called the XVIII Airborne Corps.

The divisions that fall under the XVIII Airborne Corps (as well as the other two corps in the Army) are in a period of transition, shifting from corps control to fall directly under FORSCOM, eliminating the corps status as a middle man. This ties in with the Army's broad modularity plan, as a corps can deploy and support any unit, not just the units subordinate to the corps. The 3d Infantry Division, the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry), and the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) have already changed over to direct FORSCOM control. The 82nd Airborne Division will transfer after the division returns from Afghanistan.

In August 2006, XVIII Airborne Corps traveled to South Korea to participate in Ulchi Focus Lens, a joint training exercise between the Republic of Korea Army and coalition forces stationed there. [43]

In mid-April, 2007, the Department of the Army confirmed the next OIF deployment schedule, with XVIII Airborne Corps deploying to relieve III Corps as the MNC-I at Camp Victory, Baghdad, Iraq. XVIII Airborne Corps is scheduled to replace III Corps in November, 2007. The corps will deploy along with 1st Armored Division and 4th Infantry Division, as well as 1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division, and 1st BCT, 82nd Airborne Division. [44]

On 21 December 2016, Stars and Stripes reported that in August the XVIII Airborne Corps deployed to Iraq for Operation Inherent Resolve, in December this included the XVIII Airborne Corps headquarters and the 1st Special Forces Command, which is deployed as the Special Operations Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve. The 18th Field Artillery Brigade deployed into Iraq with High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems. [45]

A Canadian Army General has served with the XVIII Corps since 2007. [46]

XVIII Airborne Corps returned to Fort Liberty in October 2022 after a nine month deployment to Germany, in support of NATO and European Allies and partners. [47] The mission was to provide a joint task force-capable headquarters in light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. [48]

Structure

XVIII Corps organization 2021 (click to enlarge) XVIII US Corps - Organization 2021.png
XVIII Corps organization 2021 (click to enlarge)

XVIII Airborne Corps CSIB.svg XVIII Airborne Corps, Fort Liberty [49]

Other supporting units:

Operations

The corps has participated in a number of operations since then:

Commanders

Individuals who have commanded XVIII Airborne Corps include: [50] [51] [52] [53] [54]

Notable members

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">101st Airborne Division</span> Active United States Army formation

The 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) ("Screaming Eagles") is a light infantry division of the United States Army that specializes in air assault operations. It can plan, coordinate, and execute battalion-sized air assault operations to seize terrain. These operations can be conducted by mobile teams covering large distances or areas, fighting behind enemy lines, and working in austere environments with limited or degraded infrastructure. For example, it was active in foreign internal defense and counterterrorism operations in Iraq, in Afghanistan in 2015–2016, and in Syria, as part of Operation Inherent Resolve in 2018–2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">82nd Airborne Division</span> Active duty airborne infantry division of the US Army

The 82nd Airborne Division is an airborne infantry division of the United States Army specializing in parachute assault operations into hostile areas with a U.S. Department of Defense mandate to be "on-call to fight any time, anywhere" at "the knife's edge of technology and readiness." Primarily based at Fort Liberty, North Carolina, the 82nd Airborne Division is part of the XVIII Airborne Corps. The 82nd Airborne Division is the U.S. Army's most strategically mobile division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VII Corps (United States)</span> Military unit

The VII Army Corps of the United States Army was one of the two principal corps of the United States Army Europe during the Cold War. Activated in 1918 for World War I, it was reactivated for World War II and again during the Cold War. During both World War II and the Cold War it was subordinate to the Seventh Army, or USAREUR and was headquartered at Kelley Barracks in Stuttgart, West Germany, from 1951 until it was redeployed to the US after significant success in the Gulf War in 1991, then inactivated in 1992.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">187th Infantry Regiment (United States)</span> Military unit

The 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment (Rakkasans) is a regiment of the 101st Airborne Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">503rd Infantry Regiment (United States)</span> Airborne infantry regiment of the United States Army

The 503rd Infantry Regiment, formerly the 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment and the 503rd Airborne Infantry Regiment, is an airborne infantry regiment of the United States Army. The regiment served as an independent regiment in the Pacific War during World War II; at Fort Campbell, Kentucky; in Okinawa, Japan; and in Germany. Regimental elements have been assigned to the 2nd Infantry Division, the 11th Airborne Division, the 24th Infantry Division, 25th Infantry Division, the 82nd Airborne Division, 101st Airborne Division, and the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team. Regimental elements have participated in campaigns in the Vietnam War, Operation Enduring Freedom–Afghanistan, and Operation Iraqi Freedom. The regiment claims 15 Medal of Honor recipients: two from World War II, ten from Vietnam, and three from Afghanistan. A parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System. The regiment's 1st and 2nd Battalions are active, assigned to the 173rd Airborne Brigade, based at Caserma Ederle, Vicenza, Italy. The 3rd and 4th Battalions as well as Companies E, F, G, H, and I have been inactived.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">325th Infantry Regiment (United States)</span> US Army unit

The 325th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the 82nd Airborne Division. The regiment serves as the 82nd Airborne's light infantry parachute insertion fighting force of the United States Army, with a long and distinguished history, having taken part in World War I, World War II, the Vietnam War, the invasions of Grenada and Panama, as well as the Gulf and Iraq Wars. The subordinate units of the regiment constitute the bulk of the infantry elements assigned to the 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Army Forces Command</span> United States Army command

The United States Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) is the largest United States Army command. It provides land forces to the Department of Defense's (DOD) unified combatant commands. Headquartered at Fort Liberty, North Carolina, FORSCOM consists of more than 750,000 active Army, U.S. Army Reserve, and Army National Guard soldiers. It was created on 1 July 1973 from the former Continental Army Command, which in turn supplanted Army Field Forces and Army Ground Forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">327th Infantry Regiment (United States)</span> Military unit

The 327th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army. During World War II, the 327th was a glider-borne regiment of the 101st Airborne Division. It fought during World War I as part of the 82nd Division. It has also been deployed in the Vietnam War, Gulf War, and most recently to Iraq and Afghanistan. The song "Glider Rider" describes (humorously) some of the slights that glider-borne troops felt they received from the Army during World War II; though the regiment's public fame rose with the 1949 movie Battleground about the Siege of Bastogne in late 1944.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1st Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment</span> US military unit

The 1st Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment is the field artillery battalion assigned to the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division. The battalion has been assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division, 11th Airborne Division and 101st Airborne Division. The battalion has participated in World War I, World War II, Operation Power Pack, Operation Urgent Fury, Operation Desert Storm, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Inherent Resolve.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States military beret flash</span>

In the United States (US) military, a beret flash is a shield-shaped embroidered cloth that is typically 2.25 in (5.72 cm) tall and 1.875 in (4.76 cm) wide with a semi–circular base that is attached to a stiffener backing of a military beret. These flashes—a British English word for a colorful cloth patch attached to military headgear—are worn over the left eye with the excess cloth of the beret shaped, folded, and pulled over the right ear giving it a distinctive appearance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">82nd Sustainment Brigade</span> Military unit

The 82nd Airborne Division Sustainment Brigade is a sustainment brigade of the United States Army based at Fort Liberty, North Carolina. It provides logistical support to and is part of 82nd Airborne Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">18th Field Artillery Brigade</span> Military unit

The 18th Field Artillery Brigade is the XVIII Airborne Corps field artillery brigade, based at Fort Liberty, North Carolina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">319th Field Artillery Regiment</span> Military unit

The 319th Field Artillery Regiment, more commonly referred to as the 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment, is a parent regiment in the U.S. Army Regimental System. Four battalions of the regiment are currently active. The first three battalions 1st Battalion, 319th Field Artillery Regiment, 2nd Battalion, 319th Field Artillery Regiment, 3rd Battalion, 319th Field Artillery Regiment are in the 82nd Airborne Division and the 4th Battalion, 319th Field Artillery Regiment is in the 173rd Airborne Brigade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">320th Field Artillery Regiment</span> US military unit

The 320th Field Artillery Regiment is a field artillery regiment of the United States Army. A parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System, the 320th FAR currently has two active elements in the 101st Airborne Division : 1st Battalion, 320th FAR "Top Guns" in 2nd Brigade Combat Team; and 3rd Battalion, 320th FAR "Red Knight Rakkasans" in 3rd Brigade Combat Team. The regiment served with the 82nd Airborne Division during World Wars I and II, and regimental elements have served with the 82nd and 101st Airborne Division, the 193rd Infantry Brigade and the Berlin Brigade, and conducted combat operations in the Dominican Republic, Vietnam, Grenada, Operations Desert Shield and Storm, and the Global War on Terror.

The 377th Field Artillery Regiment is a field artillery regiment of the United States Army. A parent regiment under the U.S. Army Regimental System, the regiment's 2nd Battalion, 377th Field Artillery Regiment is assigned to the 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 11th Airborne Division. Elements of the regiment have also served with the 101st Airborne Division and 82nd Airborne Division, and have seen service in World War II, Vietnam, and in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the Global War on Terror. The 1st and 3rd Battalions as well as Batteries D and E are Inactive.

The 2nd Battalion, 319th Field Artillery Regiment is the field artillery battalion that is assigned to the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division. Nicknamed "Black Falcons", 2–319 AFAR has participated in battles from World War I to the current day.

The 82nd Airborne Division Artillery (DIVARTY) is the divisional artillery command for the 82nd Airborne Division of the United States Army, stationed at Fort Liberty, North Carolina. It was organized in 1917, during World War I, was inactivated in 2006 as part of the transformation to modular brigade combat teams, and was reactivated in 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">525th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade</span> Military unit

The 525th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade (Expeditionary) is a unit of the United States Army specializing in the acquisition and analysis of information with potential military value. On 28 October 2014, the unit was reflagged from the "525th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade" to an expeditionary military intelligence brigade, the first of its kind.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3rd Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment</span> Military unit

The 3rd Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment is a Field Artillery Branch battalion assigned to the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division. The battalion has been assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division, 11th Airborne Division and 101st Airborne Division. The battalion has participated in World War I, World War II, Operation Desert Storm, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4th Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment</span> Military unit

The 4th Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment is an inactive field artillery battalion of the United States Army. The battalion has been assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division, 11th Airborne Division and 101st Airborne Division. The battalion has participated in World War I, World War II, Operation Just Cause, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom. The battalion inactivated in 2014 as part of ongoing force reductions.

References

  1. ↑ "XVIII Airborne Corps :: Fort Bragg". Home.army.mil. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ↑ Clay, Steven E. (2010). U.S. Army Order of Battle, 1919-1941, Volume 1. The Arms: Major Commands and Infantry Organizations, 1919-41. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. pp. 182–83.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  3. ↑ "History of the XVIII Airborne Corps | Sky Dragons". www.militaryvetshop.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  4. ↑ "VII Corps in WWII". www.vii-corps.org. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  5. 1 2 "The XVIII Airborne Corps During WW II - Overview".
  6. ↑ "XVIII Airborne Corps".
  7. ↑ Olinger, Mark A. (May–June 2005). "Airlift Operations During the Lebanon Crisis". Army Logistician. 37 (3): 30. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012.
  8. ↑ "Fort Bragg". Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Army - The Magazine of Landpower - October 1989 (1989). "Command and Staff". Association of the US Army. Retrieved 26 June 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ "18th Financial Management Support Center Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  11. ↑ "1st Battalion, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 "Field Artillery - February 1990". US Army Field Artillery School. 1990. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "Field Artillery - February 1987". US Army Field Artillery School. 1987. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 "Field Artillery - December 1989". US Army Field Artillery School. 1988. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  15. 1 2 3 4 McKenney, Janice E. "Field Artillery - Army Lineage Series - Part 2" (PDF). US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  16. ↑ "3rd Battalion, 27th Field Artillery Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  17. 1 2 "About 18th FA BDE". US Army. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  18. ↑ McKenney, Janice E. "Field Artillery - Army Lineage Series - Part 2" (PDF). US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  19. ↑ "1st Battalion, 58th Aviation Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  20. ↑ Organ, David (15 December 2009). "The Logistics of the 101st Airborne Division in the First Gulf War" . Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  21. ↑ "2nd Battalion, 159th Aviation Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  22. ↑ "3rd Battalion, 159th Aviation Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  23. ↑ "Fielding of the Apache". United States Army Aviation Digest - January 1988. 1988. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  24. ↑ "20th Engineer Brigade Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  25. 1 2 3 4 "20th Engineer Brigade History". 20th Engineer Brigade Staff. Archived from the original on 3 January 2008. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  26. ↑ "27th Engineer Battalion Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  27. ↑ "37th Engineer Battalion Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  28. ↑ "175th Engineer Company Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  29. ↑ "264th Engineer Company Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  30. ↑ "362nd Engineer Company Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  31. ↑ "503rd Military Police Battalion Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 "35th Signal Brigade - Unit History". Army Communicator - Voice of the Signal Corps - Fall 1987. 1987. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 Raines, Rebecca Robbins. "Signal Corps" (PDF). US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  34. ↑ "25th Signal Battalion Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  35. ↑ "50th Signal Battalion Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  36. ↑ "327th Signal Battalion Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  37. ↑ "224th Military Intelligence Battalion". US Army. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  38. ↑ "224th Military Intelligence Battalion Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  39. ↑ "319th Military Intelligence Battalion Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  40. ↑ "519th Military Intelligence Battalion Lineage". US Army Center of Military History. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  41. ↑ Dinackus 2000, pp. 4–24.
  42. ↑ Dinackus 2000, pp. 15–17.
  43. ↑ "XVIII ABC participates in UFL". Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2007.
  44. ↑ "DA announces next OIF rotation". Archived from the original on 6 June 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2007.
  45. ↑ "'We're a significant presence:' General updates Fort Bragg troops on Islamic State fight". military.com. 21 December 2016. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016.
  46. ↑ Brooks, Drew. "Canadian general ending two-year tour at Fort Bragg". The Fayetteville Observer.
  47. ↑ Sgt. Maj. Alex Licea (31 October 2022) XVIII Airborne Corps Headquarters returns from Europe
  48. ↑ Sgt. Jameson Harris (1 November 2022) Secretary Austin welcomes XVIII Airborne Corps Soldiers home
  49. ↑ XVIII AIRBORNE CORPS, U.S. ARMY FORT BRAGG, home.army.mil, last accessed 31 December 2020
  50. ↑ "XVIII Airborne Corps and Fort Bragg Commanders, 1944 – 2006". Bragg.Army.mil. Fort Bragg, NC: XVIII Airborne Corps and Fort Bragg. 6 December 2006. Archived from the original on 20 February 2010.
  51. ↑ Rogers, Reginald (21 January 2011). "Helmick to Fort Bragg: 'Be proud of your community'". Army.mil. Washington, DC.
  52. ↑ Holston, Paul (2 July 2013). "Anderson takes over reins of 'America's Contingency Corps' (Image 2 of 2)". Defense Visual Information Distribution Service (DVIDS). Atlanta, GA.
  53. ↑ Gordon, Michael R. (2022). Degrade and Destroy: The Inside Story of the War Against the Islamic State, From Barack Obama to Donald Trump. New York, NY: MacMillan Publishers. p. 200. ISBN   978-0-3747-1445-1 – via Google Books.
  54. ↑ Dickstein, Corey (22 February 2022). "Senate confirms Kurilla to lead US Central Command". Stars and Stripes . Washington, DC.
  55. ↑ From: Government of Canada (25 November 2021). "Prime Minister announces the appointment of the Chief of the Defence Staff". Government of Canada. Canada.ca. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.