Yellow-fronted tinkerbird

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Yellow-fronted tinkerbird
Yellow-fronted tinkerbird, Pogoniulus chrysoconus, at Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden, South Africa (15819114098), crop.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Lybiidae
Genus: Pogoniulus
Species:
P. chrysoconus
Binomial name
Pogoniulus chrysoconus
(Temminck, 1832)
Subspecies [2]
  • P. c. chrysoconus(Temminck, 1832)
  • P. c. extoni(Layard, EL, 1871)
  • P. c. xanthostictus(Blundell & Lovat, 1899)

The yellow-fronted tinkerbird (Pogoniulus chrysoconus) is a small African barbet formerly known as yellow-fronted tinker barbet. It is sometimes considered conspecific with its southern counterpart, the red-fronted tinkerbird, Pogoniulus pusillus. Barbets are near passerine birds with bristles around the base of the bill and a world-wide tropical distribution.

Contents

Subspecies

The subspecies vary with respect to size and colour tone of the plumage streaks. [3] They include:

If P. c. extoni is restricted to the southernmost population occurring in southeastern Botswana, northern South Africa and Eswatini, the following two subspecies are also recognized: [3]

Range and habitat

The yellow-fronted tinkerbird is a widespread and frequently common resident breeder in much of Africa south of the Sahara Desert. It is associated with mesic, open to closed broadleaved or mixed woodlands and scrub. It is found in riparian vegetation but occurs only sparsely in dry savanna and teak woodlands. [3]

Description

The measured hooting call is delivered at a slower pace than that of the red-fronted tinkerbird [3]

The yellow-fronted tinkerbird is approximately 11 cm (4.3 in) in length. It is plump, with a short neck, large head, and short tail. The adult has black upperparts heavily streaked with yellow and white. Its head has a strong black and white pattern, with a yellow forecrown spot. The underparts and rump are lemon yellow. Both sexes are similar in appearance, but young birds have a differentiating dark crown that lacks the distinct yellow spot.

Breeding

Nest cavity
Pogoniulus chrysoconus, aktiewe nesholte, Elandsfontein, a.jpg
An active nest, excavated in a dead limb of a wild fig tree, Limpopo
Two chicks calling sequentially from the nest cavity during midsummer

The species nests in cavities excavated in dead limbs of trees, some 2 to 5 metres above ground. A clutch of 2 to 3 matt white eggs are laid on a base of wood chips at the bottom of the nesting chamber. [3] The nestlings call persistently, and are reared on fruit and insects by both parents. Nests usually do not survive a season and may be usurped by larger species of barbet. [3]

Vocalizations

At about 100 repetitions per minute, the yellow-fronted tinkerbird's call is a fast tink-tink-tink-tink. Many barbets perch prominently, but, unlike their larger relatives, the smaller tinkerbirds sing from cover and are more frequently heard than seen.

Diet

The yellow-fronted tinkerbird eats insects and fruit. Mistletoe fruits ( Tapinanthus and Viscum spp.) are swallowed whole. The sticky seeds are regurgitated and wiped off on nearby branches. Across their distribution range, yellow-fronted tinkerbirds are the most important disperser of mistletoes. [4]

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References

  1. BirdLife International (2016). "Pogoniulus chrysoconus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22681774A92919363. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22681774A92919363.en . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v10.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hockey, P. A. R.; Dean, W. R. J.; Ryan, P. G. (2005). Roberts Birds of Southern Africa (7th ed.). Cape Town: Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. pp. 862–863. ISBN   0-620-34053-3.
  4. S.K.B. Godschalk (1985) Feeding behaviour of avian dispersers of mistletoe fruit in the Loskop Dam Nature Reserve, South Africa, South African Journal of Zoology, 20:3, 136-146, DOI: 10.1080/02541858.1985.11447926