| Yungas tyrannulet | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Phyllomyias |
| Species: | P. weedeni |
| Binomial name | |
| Phyllomyias weedeni | |
 | |
The Yungas tyrannulet (Phyllomyias weedeni) is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Bolivia and Peru. [1] [2]
The Yungas tyrannulet was discovered in the early 1990s but not formally described until 2008. [3] It had apparently either been overlooked or mistaken for the similar planalto tyrannulet (P. fasciatus). [4] It is monotypic. [2]
The Yungas tyrannulet is 10 to 11.5 cm (3.9 to 4.5 in) long. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a dull olive-gray crown and nape with a slightly mottled appearance. Their lores, supercilium, partial eyering, and lower face are whitish with a dark stripe through their eye. Their upperparts are yellow-olive that becomes paler and more yellowish on their rump and uppertail coverts. Their flight feathers are fuscous to dusky brown with pale yellowish to creamy edges. Their wing coverts are dusky brown with creamy to slightly yellowish to buffy tips and edges that show as two bars on the closed wing. Their tail is dusky brown with yellowish outer edges to the feathers. Their chin and upper throat are whitish with a faint yellow tinge on the latter. Their lower throat, breast, and belly feathers have grayish bases and yellowish tips. The sides of their breast are slightly olivaceous and their undertail coverts yellow. They have a deep brown iris, a black bill with a pinkish base to the mandible, and black legs and feet with yellow soles. [4] [5]
The Yungas tyrannulet is found on the east side of the Andes from extreme southeastern Puno Department in Peru southeast into La Paz, southwestern Beni, and western Cochabamba departments in northwestern Bolivia. It takes its English name from the Yungas bioregion that encompasses its range. It inhabits humid and semi-humid forest in the foothills and lower montane zone where it favors areas with an irregular canopy. It also occurs in shade coffee plantations interspersed with small patches of forest. In elevation it ranges between 700 and 1,200 m (2,300 and 3,900 ft). [4] [5]
The Yungas tyrannulet is believed to be a year-round resident throughout its range. [4]
The Yungas tyrannulet forages in the forest canopy, usually in pairs, and usually by catching flying insects with short sallies from a perch. [4]
Nothing is known about the Yungas tyrannulet's breeding biology. [4]
The Yungas tyrannulet's song is "a slightly accelerating series of 3–5 whistled notes successively dropping in pitch, first note longest". [4] Pairs also sing an antiphonal duet with one member singing a short burry note and the other a more complex series of notes. [4]
The IUCN has assessed the Yungas tyrannulet as Vulnerable. It has a limited range and its estimated population of between 2500 and 10,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. "Its habitat is thought to be declining owing to large-scale conversion of forest habitat to subsistence farming." it is considered rare in Peru and in Bolivia is known from fewer than 10 locations, three of which are protected areas. [4] [5] "Further surveys needed in order to determine true population size and trends, and to ascertain whether the species can persist in mosaics of coffee plantations and forest." [4]
The streaked flycatcher is a passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family.
The southern beardless tyrannulet is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds from Costa Rica through South America south to Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina.
The yellow tyrannulet is a very small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds from Nicaragua south to northeastern Argentina and southeastern Brazil. It is the only member of the genus Capsiempis, but its taxonomy is uncertain, and it has been allocated to at least three other genera in the past.
The tufted tit-tyrant is a species of bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. This species is found in western South America; its range stretches from southern Colombia south along the Andes mountains to Tierra del Fuego. It prefers to live in upper montane forests and shrublands; however, it is a habitat generalist and can be found across a wide range of ecosystems. The tufted tit-tyrant has three subspecies, including the nominate subspecies Anairetes parulus parulus, A. p. aequatorialis, and A. p. patagonicus, and is very closely related to the Juan Fernández tit-tyrant. It is very small with a distinctive and conspicuous crest. The bird's head is black overall with white supraloral and postocular stripes. Its dull grayish-brown back contrasts with its white throat and breast that are covered with black streaks and pale, unmarked yellow underbelly. There are few noticeable differences in plumage between the subspecies. It is a vocal flycatcher with a broad repertoire of songs.
The smoke-colored pewee is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. The species is characterized by a uniform dusky-grey plumage.
The flammulated flycatcher is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It was formerly placed in the monotypic genus Deltarhynchus but was moved to the genus Ramphotrigon based on genetic analysis. It is endemic to the dry deciduous forest, arid thorn forest, and scrubby woodland of Mexico’s Pacific coast. The flycatcher is an olive to gray-brown bird with a streaked, pale gray chest, white throat, black bill, dark gray feet, and dark brown wings. It is a skulking bird that typically remains hidden in the underbrush. It feeds by gleaning insects off of leaves and twigs that it spots from an exposed perch. The female lays approximately three eggs in a nest made in a shallow tree cavity.
The Amazonian Inezia or Amazonia Tyrannulet is a tiny tyrant-flycatcher bird that belongs to the Tyrannidae family found in riverine forests and scrub, including on islands, from southwest Venezuela and neighboring southeast Colombia south through the Amazonian region to northern Bolivia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and heavily degraded former forest. Its prominent white supraloral and eye-ring, as well as its extremely "spotty" double wingbars, are what most easily set it apart. Olive-green to pale yellow makes up the majority of the rest of the feathers. With their tails held cocked, the species is frequently found in pairs, usually low to the ground. However, very little else about the biology and behavior of this tyrannulet has been documented to this point. The Amazonian Tyrannulet and the allopatric Pale-tipped Tyrannulet of northern South America were once thought to be conspecific, however vocalizations and, to a lesser extent, morphology clearly distinguish them from one another.
The Yungas antwren or ashy antwren is a bird species in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The yellow-bellied chat-tyrant is a species of passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is 12–12.5 cm (4.7–4.9 in) in length. It is a chunky bird with a short, thin bill. It is mostly olive with an ochre yellow forehead and long yellow eyebrow. It has dusky colored wings and tail with two rufous tail bars. It is mostly found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. It feeds in separated pairs hunting near the ground in foliage.
The rough-legged tyrannulet is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
Phyllomyias is a genus of small birds in the tyrant-flycatcher family Tyrannidae. They are found in wooded habitats of Central and South America. Some species are among the commonest birds in their range, while other are rare and threatened. They have a short, stubby bill, are greenish above, yellowish or whitish below, and all except the sooty-headed tyrannulet have pale wing-bars or edging. They feed on small arthropods and fruits. Most species regularly take part in mixed species flocks.
The planalto tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
The sooty-headed tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The grey-capped tyrannulet is a Near Threatened species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to Brazil.
The plumbeous-crowned tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Reiser's tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Brazil and Paraguay.
Sclater's tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
Urich's tyrannulet is an Endangered species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The greenish tyrannulet is a species of bird in subfamily Elaeniinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The wing-barred piprites is a species of bird in subfamily Pipritinae of family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is found in every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay.
