| Zahlbrucknerella | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lichinomycetes |
| Order: | Lichinales |
| Family: | Lichinaceae |
| Genus: | Zahlbrucknerella Herre (1912) |
| Type species | |
| Zahlbrucknerella calcarea (Herre) Herre (1912) | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Zahlbrucknerella is a genus of filamentous, rock-dwelling lichens in the family Lichinaceae. [2]
The genus was circumscribed by Albert William Herre in 1912. [3] He had originally published the genus in 1910 as Zahlbrucknera, [4] but later discovered that this name had already been used for a genus of flowering plants, and was thus not available for use. [3] The genus is named for Alexander Zahlbruckner, "the eminent lichenologist, curator of the botanical section of the Imperial Natural History Museum, at Vienna, Austria". [4] Aino Henssen emended the genus in 1977, adding five newly described species in the process. [5]
All species of Zahlbrucknerella have filamentous thallus that form olive, brown, or black tufts on rocks that are periodically inundated with water, like those in seepage channels or on the side of lakes and rivers. The photobiont partner is from the genus Scytonema . Unlike other genera in the Lichinaceae, the ascocarp of Zahlbrucknerella is not in the form of pycnoascocarps , but rather is a mass of generative tissue. Most species have 24 ascospores in their asci, while one has 8. Other Lichinaceae genera with a similar appearance, and with which Zahlbrucknerella has historically been confused, include Ephebe , Placynthium , and Spilonema . [5]
Most species in the genus have a limited range, although the type species has a world-wide distribution.
Lichenicolous fungi that have been recorded on Zahlbrucknerella lichens include Stigmidium parvum , Didymella parvispora , and Endococcus zahlbrucknerellae . [5] [11]
Lichinales is the sole order of ascomycete fungi in the class Lichinomycetes. It contains three families: Gloeoheppiaceae, Lichinaceae, and Peltulaceae. Most species are lichenized. Lichinales was proposed in 1986 by German lichenologists Aino Henssen and Burkhard Büdel. The class Lichinomycetes was created by Valérie Reeb, François Lutzoni and Claude Roux in 2004.
Gloeoheppiaceae is a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Lichinales. The family contains ten species distributed amongst three genera. Most species are lichenised with cyanobacteria. Species in this family are mostly found in desert areas. Modern molecular phylogenetics analysis casts doubt on the phylogenetic validity of the family, suggesting a more appropriate placement of its species in the family Lichinaceae.
The Lichinaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi. Most species are lichenized with cyanobacteria, and have a distribution largely in temperate regions.
Verrucariales is an order of ascomycetous fungi within the subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae of the class Eurotiomycetes. Although most of the Verrucariales are lichenised, the family Sarcopyreniaceae consists of 11 species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi.
Lichinodium is a genus of filamentous lichens. It is the only genus in the family Lichinodiaceae, itself the only member of the order Lichinodiales. Lichinodium has four species. Previously considered part of the class Lichinomycetes, molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that Lichinodium represents a unique lineage in the Leotiomycetes—the first known group of lichen-forming fungi in this class.
Psorotichia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lichinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1855, with Psorotichia murorum assigned as the type species.
Pyrenopsis is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lichinaceae. It contains 12 species. The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1858.
Stromatella bermudana is a saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen. It is the only species in Stromatella, a monotypic fungal genus in the family Lichinaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1989 by German lichenologist Aino Henssen. This species was originally described as Psorotichia bermudana by US botanist Lincoln Ware Riddle in 1916, from specimens collected in Bermuda.
Thyrea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lichinaceae. It contains four species that have been accepted by Species Fungorum. The genus was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1856, with Thyrea plectospora assigned as the type species.
Leightoniella is a fungal genus in the family Pannariaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Leightoniella zeylanensis, a cyanolichen. The genus was circumscribed in 1965 by Norwegian lichenologist Aino Henssen. The generic name honours English clergyman and botanist William Allport Leighton, who originally described the type species in 1870 as Pterygium zeylanense.
Staurolemma is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Pannariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by German lichenologist Gustav Wilhelm Körber in 1867, with Staurolemma dalmaticum as the type species.
Pulvinodecton is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae. It has two species. The genus was circumscribed in 1998 by lichenologists Aino Henssen and Göran Thor, with Pulvinodecton kurzii assigned as the type species. Pulvinodecton differs from Erythrodecton in having spindle-shaped (fusiform) rather than doubly club-shaped (biclavate) ascospores, and by the development of its ascocarp. Additionally, the unusual pycnidia of Pulvinodecton species feature a deeply divided cavity with more than one ostiole.
Aino Marjatta Henssen, was a German lichenologist and systematist. Her father, Gottfried Henssen, was a folklorist and her mother was Finnish.
Briancoppinsia is a fungal genus in the family Arthoniaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single species Briancoppinsia cytospora, a lichenicolous fungus that parasitises parmelioid lichens, as well as Cladonia, Lepra, and Lecanora conizaeoides, among others. The species was first described scientifically by Léon Vouaux in 1914 as Phyllosticta cytospora. The genus was circumscribed in 2012 by Paul Diederich, Damien Ertz, James Lawrey, and Pieter van den Boom. The genus was named for Brian John Coppins, who is, according to the authors, an "eminent British lichenologist and expert of lichenicolous fungi".
Roccellinastrum is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pilocarpaceae. It has seven species.
Harpidiaceae is a small family of lichen-forming fungi, containing two genera and five species. It is of uncertain classification in the Pezizomycotina.
Trimmatothele is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Verrucariaceae. It has five species. The genus was formally published by lichenologist Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1903. The type species, Trimmatothele perquisita, was originally collected from Norway by Johannes M. Norman, who placed it in the genus Coniothele in 1868. Diagnostic characteristics of Trimmatothele include a thin thallus with a smooth surface; small perithecia that are partially immersed in the substrata and have an involucrellum; asci that contain multiple ascospores; and small, simple ascospores. Trimmatothele has been described as one of the most poorly known genera of lichens due to the rarity of its species, the few available herbarium specimens, and some missing type specimens.
Kalbiana is a genus of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen of uncertain familial placement in the order Verrucariales. Both the genus and its only species, Kalbiana brasiliensis, were described in 1988 by lichenologist Aino Henssen. The genus name honours German lichenologist Klaus Kalb, while the species epithet refers to Brazil, where the lichen is found.
Gloeoheppia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Gloeoheppiaceae. It comprises five species. The genus is distinguished from similar-looking lichens like Heppia by its internal structure, the nature of its photobiont, and details of its reproductive structures.
Metamelanea is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Lichinaceae. It consists of three species of rock-dwelling lichens.