Zamia neurophyllidia

Last updated

Zamia neurophyllidia
Zamia neurophyllidia.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Cycadophyta
Class: Cycadopsida
Order: Cycadales
Family: Zamiaceae
Genus: Zamia
Species:
Z. neurophyllidia
Binomial name
Zamia neurophyllidia
D.W.Stev.

Zamia neurophyllidia is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. The original description was based on specimens found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. A more recent re-characterization of Z. neurophyllidia is based on a population found in the type locality in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. It is part of the Zamia skinneri species complex.

Contents

Classification history

D. W. Stevenson described Z. neurophyllidia in 1993 to include a population that had been regarded as a dwarf variety of Z. skinneri. He stated that Z. neurophyllidia was endemic to Panama, while Z. skinneri occurred from southern Nicaragua to northern Panama. In the 1990s, the World List of Cycads reported Z. neurophyllidia as occurring only in Panama. After 2000 the World List of Cycads changed the reported range of Z. neurophyllidia to include northern Panama, Costa Rica, and southern Nicaragua. [2] A study published in 2004 proposed that Z. neurophyllidia and Z. skinneri were a "hybrid species complex". The 1993 description of Z. neurophyllidia by Stevenson was based on material from several locations, some of which had subsequently been assigned to other taxa. Taylor B. et al. (2008) re-characteized Z. neurophyllidia based solely on specimens from the type locality in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. [3]

Description

Female cone of Zamia neurophyllidia. Zamia neurophyllidia (Detail) (Berlin 2010).JPG
Female cone of Zamia neurophyllidia.

Z. neurophyllidia is a shrub or small tree, with a stem growing up to 1.5 to 2 metres (4 ft 11 in to 6 ft 7 in) tall and 5 to 12 centimetres (2.0 to 4.7 in) in diameter. Up to 22 leaves per crown are 61 to 180 centimetres (24 to 71 in) long, with 6 to 11 pairs of leaflets. Leaflets are elliptic to oblong-elliptic, pleated between veins, and with serrated edges. Leaflets along the middle of the stem are 20 to 31.3 centimetres (7.9 to 12.3 in) long and 6.1 to 10.5 centimetres (2.4 to 4.1 in) wide. [4]

Reproduction

Like all Zamias, Z. neurophyllidia is dioecious, with individual plants being male, with pollen cones, or female, with seed-bearing cones. [5] Female cones (macrostrobili) are 13.2 to 20 centimetres (5.2 to 7.9 in) long and 5.7 to 7.2 centimetres (2.2 to 2.8 in) wide. They emerge covered in tan matted hair which matures into dark brown hairs over green to yellow-green megasporophylls. Seeds are 1.8 to 2.5 centimetres (0.71 to 0.98 in) long and 0.9 to 1.5 centimetres (0.35 to 0.59 in) wide. There are 110 to 220 seeds in a cone. The sarcotesta (seed coating) is bright red. Male cones (microstrobili) of the type variety had not been observed when Z. neurophyllidia was recharacterized by Taylor B. et al (2008). While fertilization has not been observed in Z. neurophyllidia, it is believed that it is pollinated by erotylid beetles. [4] All other zamia species that have been studied in Panama are known to be pollinated by insects. [6]

Distribution

Known populations of Z. neurophyllidia grow on steep hills in tropical deciduous forests along the Rio Changuinola in Bocas del Toro Province. [4] Z. neurophyllidia may also occur in Costa Rica. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Zamia pumila</i> Species of cycad

Zamia pumila, commonly known as guáyiga or guáyara in Spanish, is a small, tough, woody cycad native to the Greater Antilles. Z. pumila was the first species described for the genus and, therefore, is the type species for the genus Zamia, the Zamia pumila species complex, and the family Zamiaceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zamiaceae</span> Family of cycads

The Zamiaceae are a family of cycads that are superficially palm or fern-like. They are divided into two subfamilies with eight genera and about 150 species in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Australia and North and South America.

<i>Zamia</i> Genus of cycads in the family Zamiaceae

Zamia is a genus of cycad of the family Zamiaceae, native to North America from the United States throughout the West Indies, Central America, and South America as far south as Bolivia. The genus is considered to be the most ecologically and morphologically diverse of the cycads, and is estimated to have originated about 68.3 million years ago.

<i>Zamia acuminata</i> Species of cycad

Zamia acuminata is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae which is threatened by habitat loss. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.

Zamia amazonum is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela.

Zamia amplifolia is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to the Calima River watershed of Valle del Cauca Department, Colombia.

<i>Zamia fischeri</i> Species of cycad

Zamia fischeri is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Mexico. It is often confused with Zamia vazquezii. Zamia fischeri is named after Gustav Fischer, a cycad enthusiast of the nineteenth century.

Zamia lucayana is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae, part of the Zamia pumila species complex. It is endemic to the Bahamas, and is endangered by habitat loss. Z. lucayana is known locally as "bay rush".

<i>Zamia manicata</i> Species of cycad

Zamia manicata is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

<i>Zamia pseudoparasitica</i> Species of cycad

Zamia pseudoparasitica is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Panama.

<i>Zamia pygmaea</i> Species of plant in the family Zamiaceae

Zamia pygmaea is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae found only in Cuba. It is the smallest living cycad. It is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List based on its limited distribution, severely fragmented habitat, and population of less than 250 mature individuals.

<i>Zamia skinneri</i> Species of cycad

Zamia skinneri is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to the coastal area of mainland Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. Its common name is cebolla roja.

Zamia decumbens, common name sinkhole cycad, is a species of cycad known only from Belize. The species was erroneously referred to in print several times as Z. prasina before its recognition as a distinct species. The species was proposed for protection as a critically endangered species.

Zamia hamannii is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. The only known population grows in a small area on an island on the northwestern Caribbean coast of Panama. Most plants of the species grow in forest, but some live on sandy beaches. It was named and described in 2008.

Zamia imperialis is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. The description is based on specimens found in Coclé Province, Panama. It is part of the Zamia skinneri species complex.

Zamia nesophila, common name "guade teet", is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to several islands in northwestern Panama. Most plants grow on sandy beachs close to the sea, although some grow inland in forests. The species is critically endangered due to seaside development.

Zamia stevensonii (blanco) is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in the vicinity of the Panama Canal and the Chagres River in central Panama.

<i>Zamia integrifolia</i> Species of cycad

Zamia integrifolia, also known as coontie, is a small, tough, woody cycad native to the southeastern United States, the Bahamas, Cuba, the Cayman Islands, and Puerto Rico.

Zamia imbricata is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae described in 2021. The stem is subterranean, the leaves have overlapping leaflets, and the reproductive cones are held on very long stalks. Its natural habitat is tropical rainforest in Colombia. It is very rare, and the known population does not appear to be successfully reproducing.

Zamia sinuensis is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae described in 2021. The stem is subterranean or partly suterranean, with dark green compound leaves up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) long. and reproductive cones on long stalks. Its natural habitat is tropical monsoon forest in Colombia. Only five plants have been observed.

References

  1. ↑ Bösenberg, J. D. (2023) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Zamia neurophyllidia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2024 (2): e.T42170A243408641. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  2. ↑ Taylor B., Haynes & Holzman 2008, p. 403.
  3. ↑ Taylor B., Haynes & Holzman 2008, pp. 404, 410–413.
  4. 1 2 3 Taylor B., Haynes & Holzman 2008, p. 412.
  5. ↑ Stevenson, Dennis Wm. (April 2004). "Cycads of Colombia". The Botanical Review. 70 (2): 203. doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2004)070[0194:COC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN   1874-9372.
  6. ↑ Taylor B. et al. 2012, p. 83.
  7. ↑ Taylor B. et al. 2012, p. 81.

Sources

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.