Cuisine of Odisha

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Odia cuisine is the cuisine of the Indian state of Odisha. Compared to other regional Indian cuisines, Odia cuisine uses less oil and is less spicy, while nonetheless remaining flavourful. [1] Rice is the staple food of this region. Mustard oil is used in some dishes as the cooking medium, but ghee (made of cow's milk) is preferred in temples. Odia foods traditionally served either on brass, bronze metal plates, banana leaf or disposable plates made of sal leaves. [2]

Contents

Traditional Odia Lunch Thali Traditional Odial Lunch Thali.jpg
Traditional Odia Lunch Thali

Odia cooks, particularly from the Puri region, were much sought after due to their ability to cook food in accordance with Hindu scriptures. During the 19th century, many Odia cooks were employed in Bengal and they took many Odia dishes with them. [3] [4]

Yoghurt is used in dishes. Many sweets of the region are based on chhena (cheese). [5]

Pakhala served with wads of lemon, yoghurt and a slice of tomato. Odisha pakhala.jpg
Pakhala served with wads of lemon, yoghurt and a slice of tomato.

Ingredients and seasoning

Rice is a major crop of Odisha along with wheat. [6] Lentils such as pigeon peas and moong beans are another major ingredients.

Indigenous vegetables used in Odia cuisine are pumpkin, gourd, plantains, jackfruit, and papaya. Vegetables such as potatoes, cauliflowers, and cabbages are also used alongside local vegetables.

Pancha phutana is a blend of five spices that is widely used in Odia cuisine. It contains mustard, cumin, fenugreek, aniseed and kalonji (onion seeds). Garlic, onion and ginger are used in most of the food. Turmeric and jaggery are used regularly. [7]

Local variation

The food in the region around Puri-Cuttack is greatly influenced by the Jagannath Temple. On the other hand, kalonji and mustard paste are used mostly in every part of the state. In the region closer to Andhra Pradesh, curry tree leaves and tamarind are used more. The Brahmapur region has influences of South Indian cuisine. [8]

Temple food

Abadha, the afternoon meal of the Jagannath Temple served on a plantain leaf. Abadha Kudua.jpg
Abadha, the afternoon meal of the Jagannath Temple served on a plantain leaf.

Temples in the region make offerings to the presiding deities. The prasada of the Jagannath Temple is well known, and is specifically called Maha Prasad meaning greatest of all prasadas. It consists of 56 recipes, so it is called chhapan bhoga. It is based on the legend that Krishna missed his eight meals for seven days, while trying to save a village from a storm holding up the Govardhan hill, as a shelter. [5]

Fish and seafood

Fish and other seafood are eaten mainly in coastal areas. Several curries are prepared from crab, prawn and lobster with spices. [7] [9] Freshwater fish is available from rivers and irrigation canals. [3]

List of dishes

Rice dishes and rotis

Pakhala Platter RJ... 1.jpg
Pakhala Platter

Dal

Dalma Dalama Odia Cuisine.jpg
Dalma

Curries

Khattas and chutneys

Dhania-Patra Chutney Dhania patra catuni.JPG
Dhania-Patra Chutney
Dahi Baigana Dahi baigana Odia recipe.jpg
Dahi Baigana

Khatta refers to a type of sour side dish or chutney usually served with Odia thalis. [21]

Shaag (salad greens)

A list of the plants that are used as sāga is as below. They are prepared by adding pancha phutan, with or without onion/garlic, and are best enjoyed with pakhala.

Pithas (sweet cakes)

Kakara Pitha ATTA KAKARA.jpg
Kakara Pitha

Pithas and sweets are types of traditional Odia dishes. [27] [28]

Egg, chicken and mutton

Fish and other sea food

Ilishi maachha tarkari Ilishi maachha.jpg
Ilishi maachha tarkari

Smoked Dry sardine after cleaning mix with garlic, green chilly, salt using mortar and pestle or mixture grinder. Dry White bait fish (ଚାଉଳି ଶୁଖୁଆ), dry shrimp (ଚିଙ୍ଗୁଡ଼ି ଶୁଖୁଆ, ତାଂପେଡା) etc. also prepared like this flake/powdered.

Fritters and fries

Snacks

Dahibara Aludam Dahibara-aludam.jpg
Dahibara Aludam

Desserts and sweets

Chenna Poda Chennapoda.jpg
Chenna Poda
Rasagola Rassgulla.jpg
Rasagola

Drinks

Bela Pana Bela pana.jpg
Bela Pana

There are many traditional alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks which are unique to Odisha. Some are made during specific festivals or as an offering to Hindu gods, and others are made all year. The drinks which have a thick consistency are usually called paṇan and the ones with have a watery consistency are usually known as sarbat . [39] [40] [41] Many of the ethnic tribes [42] of Odisha have their own indigenous drinks made from forest produce. Any drink that contains alcohol is usually called madya [43] [44]

Alcoholic

  • Aamba mada - mango-based alcoholic beverage
  • Aakhu mada - sugarcane-based alcoholic beverage
  • Amrutabhanda mada - papaya-based alcoholic beverage
  • Anlaa mada - Indian gooseberry-based alcoholic beverage
  • Dimiri tadi - juice of Indian fig-based alcoholic beverage
  • Dimiri mada - pulp of Indian fig-based alcoholic beverage
  • Handia - traditional rice beer popular among the tribes of Odisha
  • Kadali mada - banana-based alcoholic beverage
  • Guda mada - jaggery-based alcoholic beverage
  • Pijuli mada - guava-based alcoholic beverage
  • Jamukoli mada - Malabar plum-based alcoholic beverage
  • Jana mada - maize-based alcoholic beverage
  • Tala mada - palm-based alcoholic beverage
  • Kumuda mada - squash-based alcoholic beverage
  • Landa - rice-based alcoholic beverage
  • Mahulu mada or mahuli - mahua flower-based alcoholic beverage
  • Panasa mada - jackfruit-based alcoholic beverage
  • Pendum - rice-based alcoholic beverage consumed by the Bonda tribe
  • Rasi - a type of rice beer related to handia; popular among the tribes of Odisha [45]
  • Sagur - alcoholic beverage made from different fruit nuts, mahua flowers or fruits using the process of distillation known as sagur by the Bonda tribe
  • Salapi - palm-based alcoholic beverage
  • Sapung - sago palm-based alcoholic beverage consumed by the Bonda tribe
  • Sindi mada - date palm-based alcoholic beverage
  • Tamati mada - tomato-based alcoholic beverage
  • Tetel mada - tamarind-based alcoholic beverage

Cannabis-based

Non-alcoholic

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Further reading