Hoboken Terminal

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Hoboken Terminal
Erie-Lackawanna Railroad Terminal.jpg
Hoboken Terminal from the Hudson River in 2012
General information
Location1 Hudson Place
Hoboken, New Jersey
United States
Owned by
Line(s)
Platforms9 island platforms, 1 side platform
Tracks18
Connections
Construction
Platform levels2
Bicycle facilities88 spaces
AccessibleYes
Other information
Station codeHOB
20496, 20497 (NJT Bus) [1]
Fare zone1
History
OpenedFebruary 25, 1907 (1907-02-25)
ElectrifiedSeptember 3, 1930 [2]
Passengers
202213,124 (average weekday) [3] (NJT)
Preceding station NJT logo.svg NJ Transit Following station
Newark Penn Station
toward Bay Head
North Jersey Coast Line
limited service
Terminus
Newark Penn Station
toward High Bridge
Raritan Valley Line
limited service
Newark Broad Street
toward Hackettstown
Montclair-Boonton Line
Morristown Line
weekdays
Newark Broad Street
toward Gladstone
Gladstone Branch
weekdays
Secaucus Junction Pascack Valley Line
Secaucus Junction
toward Suffern
Main Line
Bergen County Line
Secaucus Junction
toward Meadowlands
Meadowlands Rail Line
special event service
Preceding station MTA NYC logo.svg Metro-North Railroad Following station
Secaucus Junction
toward Port Jervis
Port Jervis Line Terminus
Former services
Preceding station NJT logo.svg NJ Transit Following station
Arlington
toward Hackettstown
Boonton Line
until 2002
Terminus
Newark Broad Street
toward Bay Street
Montclair Branch
until 2002
Harrison
toward Bay Street
Montclair Branch
until 1984
Preceding station Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Following station
Newark
toward Buffalo
Main LineTerminus
Harrison
toward Montclair
Montclair Branch
Newark
toward Gladstone
Gladstone Branch
Kingsland
toward Dover
Boonton Branch
Erie-Lackawanna Railroad Terminal at Hoboken
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Location map of Hudson County, New Jersey.svg
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USA New Jersey location map.svg
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LocationOn the Hudson River at the foot of Hudson Place, Hoboken, New Jersey Coordinates 40°44′6″N74°1′39″W / 40.73500°N 74.02750°W / 40.73500; -74.02750 Area4 acres (2 ha)Built1907;117 years ago (1907)Architect Kenneth MacKenzie Murchison Architectural styleBeaux-Arts neoclassicismNRHP reference No. 73001102 [4] Added to NRHPJuly 24, 1973

Hoboken Terminal is a commuter-oriented intermodal passenger station in Hoboken, Hudson County, New Jersey. One of the New York metropolitan area's major transportation hubs, it is served by eight NJ Transit (NJT) commuter rail lines, an NJ Transit event shuttle to Meadowlands Sports Complex, one Metro-North Railroad line, various NJT buses and private bus lines, the Hudson–Bergen Light Rail, the Port Authority Trans Hudson (PATH) rapid transit system, and NY Waterway-operated ferries.

Contents

More than 50,000 people use the terminal daily, making it the ninth-busiest railroad station in North America and the sixth-busiest in the New York area. It is also the second-busiest railroad station in New Jersey, behind only Newark Penn Station, and its third-busiest transportation facility, after Newark Liberty International Airport and Newark Penn Station.

The rail and ferry terminal buildings were constructed in 1907 by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, a former Class 1 railroad. In 1930, Thomas Edison was at the controls for the first departure of a regular-service electric multiple unit train from Hoboken Terminal to Montclair. In 1973 the terminal building was added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places.

Hoboken Terminal is considered a milestone in American transportation development, initially combining rail, ferry, subway, streetcar and pedestrian services. Later, bus and light-rail services were added to the terminals. Another feature of the terminal's design is the terminal's 225-foot (69 m) clock tower. The tower was replaced by a radio tower that stood for more than half a century, until being removed in June 2006, [5] when it was replaced with a new clock tower modeled after the original.

History

19th century

The site of the terminal had been used since colonial times to link Manhattan Island and points west. [6] In 1811, the first steam-powered ferries began called Hoboken Ferryboats service under John Stevens, an inventor who founded Hoboken. [7] In 1889, due to several complaints through The New York Times , changes were made to the service such as bigger boats for passengers, and more trips. [8]

The coming of the railroads brought more and more travelers to the west bank of the Hudson River. Cuts and tunnels were constructed through Bergen Hill to rail–ferry terminals on the west bank of the river and the Upper New York Bay. The first of the Bergen Tunnels under Jersey City Heights was opened in 1877 by the Morris and Essex Railroad, which was leased by the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western Railroad (DL&W). [9]

20th century

The facility that was in the place of the Hoboken Terminal caught fire and burned down in 1905 after the Hopatcong a ferry docked at the terminal, caught fire at midnight which spread to the original facility. The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad decided to build another large terminal since they had more than enough funds to do so. The new facility was planned by William Truesdale who worked to modernize the DL&W railroad. [10] [11] The rail and ferry terminal buildings were constructed in 1907 by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. [12] [13]

The following year, the railroad opened the second parallel tunnel. Both tunnels are still used by NJ Transit. [14] The tubes of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad, forerunner of PATH, were extended to Hoboken Terminal upon its opening. The first revenue train on the new line ran from the terminal on February 26, 1908. [15]

Hoboken Terminal under construction, 1907 Hoboken Terminal Construction 1907.jpg
Hoboken Terminal under construction, 1907

In 1930, Thomas Edison was at the controls for the first departure of a regular-service electric multiple unit train from Hoboken Terminal to Montclair. One of the first installations of central air-conditioning in a public space was at the station, as was the first non-experimental use of mobile phones. [16] [17]

In 1914, George A. Cullen, the Passenger Traffic Manager for the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad, stated that Hoboken Terminal handled more than 17 million railroad passengers, and 18 million additional ferry passengers. [18]

In 1942, the clock tower of the terminal was removed to reclaim the copper to use it in World War II. After the war, Hoboken suffered another blow when automobile and air travel rose to prominence at the expense of the railroads. Amtrak started operating in 1971, and by then intercity services by the then merged Erie and DL&W railroads stopped operating out of Hoboken. The final train between Hoboken and Chicago departed the night of January 5, 1970, and arrived January 6 in Chicago's Dearborn Station. [10]

Despite the difficulties of the railroad industry which culminated in bankruptcy for many railroads through the 1970s, the terminal has always been an essential link for New York-bound commuters, which saved it from the threat of demolition. The popular disapproval of the razing of the nearby Pennsylvania Station in 1963, [19] (and its replacement by Madison Square Garden and a new Penn Station below ground level) [20] may have also helped Hoboken Terminal's survival. [10]

Numerous streetcar lines (eventually owned and operated by the Public Service Railway), including the Hoboken Inclined Cable Railway, originated and terminated at the station until bustitution was completed on August 7, 1949. [14]

At the peak of intercity rail service, five passenger terminals were operated by competing railroad companies along the Hudson Waterfront. Of the five, Hoboken Terminal is the only one still in active use. Those at Weehawken (New York Central), Pavonia (Erie Railroad), and Exchange Place (Pennsylvania Railroad) were demolished in the 1960s, while the one in Jersey City (Central Railroad of New Jersey) was partially restored and is now part of Liberty State Park. [21]

In October 1956, four years before its merger with the DL&W to form the Erie Lackawanna Railway, the Erie Railroad began to shift its trains from Pavonia Terminal to Hoboken. The final Erie trains to be moved to Hoboken, in 1959, were from the Northern Branch. In October 1965, on former Erie routes, there were five trains each weekday to Wanaque/Midvale on the Greenwood Lake branch, three to Nyack on the Northern Branch, three to Waldwick via the Newark Branch, two to Essex Fells on its Caldwell Branch, two to Carlton Hill on the former Erie Main Line, and one to Newton on the Sussex Branch. [22] [23] All those trains were dropped in 1966. [24]

An Erie Lackawanna commuter train arriving at Hoboken in November 1978 EL 3319 November 1978 (22348670758).jpg
An Erie Lackawanna commuter train arriving at Hoboken in November 1978

Ferry service from the terminal to lower Manhattan ended on November 22, 1967, [25] due to declining ridership and revenues. [26] It resumed in 1989 on the south side of the terminal and moved back to the restored ferry slips inside the historic terminal on December 7, 2011. [27] [28]

In 1973 the terminal building was added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places [12] and the National Register of Historic Places. [29]

In 1990, the New Jersey Historic Preservation Bond Program gave a grant of $400,000 towards repairs and restoration of the Terminal. In 1991, another grant of $300,000 was given. The money was used towards repairing the ferry terminal's roof, and clerestory. [30]

In 1999, the New Jersey Devils' proposed to build an arena atop the Hoboken Terminal which would be on the Hudson waterfront. The proposal never went through. [31]

21st century

On August 14, 2003, amid the Northeast blackout of 2003, PATH and NJ Transit Rail Operations were unable to operate anywhere including Hoboken Terminal. Commuters from New Jersey used the NY Waterway ferry to Hoboken Terminal as an alternative, and passengers said it was so packed it caused concern. [32] Operations of PATH and NJ Transit trains resumed the morning of the August 15 with the use of diesel trains. [33]

Access to the Region's Core (ARC) was a proposed commuter-rail project to add new rail tunnels under the Hudson River, but the plan was canceled in 2010. In 2013, the New Jersey General Assembly passed a resolution supporting the extension of New York City Number 7 subway into Secaucus as a cheaper alternative to the proposed ARC tunnel. [34] [35] The plans never went through despite the idea being revived as possibly being a part of, or along with, the Gateway project which also proposes new tunnels, and bridges over the Hudson river. [36] [37]

A renovation that lasted from 2005 to 2009 demolished and rebuilt walls to resemble their original appearance; the terminal's clock tower was rebuilt as well along with the original neon-lit Lackawanna sign. [38] [10]

The station was badly damaged during Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012. A 5-foot (1.5 m) storm surge inundated the facility; the water rose as high as 8 feet (2.4 m) in the PATH tunnels. Daytime PATH service to midtown Manhattan was restored on December 19. The waiting room reopened in January 2013, while extensive repairs were still in progress. [39] [40] Pre-Sandy service patterns were gradually restored by March 1, 2013. [41] [42] [43]

As of 2017, the station was the ninth-busiest railway station in North America. [44] [45]

On October 5, 2022, officials broke ground on Hoboken Connect, a projected five-year project to renovate the Terminal and its immediate vicinity. The plans call for erecting a 20-story commercial building at 5 and 23 Hudson Place and a 27-story, 389-unit residential building on Observer Highway. [46] Planned improvements to Warrington Plaza include movable seats and modular structures for public use. The ferry terminal will be renovated to add retail space and bicycle storage on the ground floor, while commercial space on its second floor would be constructed to house either transport functions, or tenants such as markets, eateries, or areas for arts and culture. [47] In March 2024, the NJ Transit board awarded a $211 million contract to Schiavone Construction for the construction of six tracks and three platforms, as well as a $2 million contract to Voestalpine Railway Systems Nortrak for trackwork. [48]

Accidents

In December 1985, an NJ Transit train crashed into the concrete bumper at Hoboken Terminal, injuring 54. The 1985 crash was said to have been caused by a lubricant that had been applied to the tracks to test train wheels. [49]

In May 2011, a PATH train crashed into a bumper block at Hoboken Terminal, injuring 34 people; [50] [51] the Port Authority said the train came in too fast. [52]

On the morning of September 29, 2016, an NJ Transit train crashed through a stopblock and into the concourse of the station, killing one person and injuring more than 110 people. [53] [54] Tracks 10 through 17 were reopened on October 10, 2016, with most remaining tracks reopened a week later. The pedestrian concourse reopened on May 14, 2017. Track 6 reopened for service in June 2017 and Track 5 reopened for service sometime around September 2018. [55] The planning for permanent repairs to the concourse roof and supports were ongoing during this time. Permanent repairs and renovations began in March 2019 [56] and were completed by the end of 2019. [57] [58]

Design

Hoboken Terminal is considered a milestone in American transportation development, initially combining rail, ferry, subway, streetcar and pedestrian services, in one of the most innovatively designed and engineered structures in the nation, with bus and light-rail service added in the ensuing decades. The terminal was also one of the first stations in the world to employ the Bush-type train shed, designed by and named for Lincoln Bush of the DL&W, which quickly became ubiquitous in station design. [16] The terminal building was designed by architect Kenneth M. Murchison in the Beaux-Arts style. [12] [13] The structure is made of concrete, copper, stone, steel, and wrought iron. The complex has 14 tracks for NJ Transit trains, which are located entirely above the water. [59] :2

The station is unusual for a New York City area commuter railroad terminal in that it still has low-level platforms, requiring passengers to use stairs on the train to board and alight. The Long Slip Fill and Rail Enhancement project is anticipated to add three high level accessible-accessible platforms to the south side of the terminal. The project will modify the Long Slip which is a 2,000-foot (610 m) former barge canal adjacent to the Hoboken Terminal Yard. This is to eliminate it as a conduit for flood water. [60]

The terminal's 225-foot (69 m) clock tower was designed by architect Kenneth Murchison, and originally built with the terminal. [59] :2 Its copper cladding was intended to provide a dramatic decorative effect. By the post-World War II period, this patina had been lost to wind erosion, and was removed in about 1950 following a storm. The tower was replaced by a radio tower that stood for more than half a century, until being removed in June 2006, when it was replaced with a new clock tower modeled after the original, down to the same copper cladding, albeit with a more modern steel and aluminum infrastructure. The second tower includes a clock with 12-foot (3.7 m) diameter faces and 4-foot-high (1.2 m) copper letters, which spell out "LACKAWANNA", whose fiber optic technology allow them to be lit from dusk to midnight. [61]

The large main waiting room features floral and Greek Revival motifs in tiled stained glass by Louis Comfort Tiffany set atop bands of pale cement. [62] The terminal exterior extends to over four stories and has a copper-clad façade with ornate detailing. It is said the copper used for it is leftover from the Statue of Liberty. [10] Its single-story base is constructed of rusticated Indiana limestone. A grand double stair with decorative cast-iron railings within the main waiting room provides an entrance to the upper-level ferry concourse. [63]

Hoboken Terminal's design
Hoboken Terminal (7081990289).jpg
Hoboken Terminal's exterior depicting its neon-lit Lackawanna sign
Hoboken Terminal Interior 2.jpg
Hoboken Terminal's interior
Hoboken Terminal and Tower.JPG
Hoboken Terminal's clock tower

Services

Commuter rail

Hoboken Terminal is the terminus and namesake for NJ Transit's Hoboken Division, which consists of commuter rail lines in northern New Jersey. [64]

Access to other NJ Transit rail lines is available at Newark Penn Station (which also serves Amtrak), Secaucus Junction, or Newark Broad Street. [65] [66] [67]

Rapid transit

Hoboken
PATH logo.svg PATH rapid transit station
Hoboken PATH station 2017a.jpg
PATH station platforms
Services
Preceding station PATH logo.svg PATH Following station
Weekdays
Terminus HOB–WTC Newport
HOB–33 Christopher Street
toward 33rd Street
Weeknights, Weekends, Holidays
Newport JSQ–33 (via HOB) Christopher Street
toward 33rd Street
Track layout
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Former car elevator
to surface shops
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PATH trains provide 24-hour service from a three-track underground terminal located north of the surface platforms. [68] Two routes are offered on weekdays during the day, and one route is offered on late nights, weekends and holidays. Entrances are from the main concourse or street, below the Hudson Place bus station with both an elevator and stairs. Travel to Newark Penn Station always requires a transfer, as does weekday service to Journal Square Transportation Center. [69]

Light rail

Hoboken
Hoboken Terminal HBLR jeh.JPG
HBLR platform at tracks H1 and H2
Construction
AccessibleYes
Other information
Fare zone1
Services
Preceding station NJT logo.svg NJ Transit Following station
Terminus Hoboken–Tonnelle 2nd Street
Newport
toward 8th Street
8th Street–Hoboken Terminus
Bayonne Flyer

Hoboken Terminal is the terminus for two of the three Hudson-Bergen Light Rail routes. Light rail platforms are located south of Track 18 and the terminal building. [70]


Ferry

Ferry service is operated by NY Waterway to Brookfield Place Terminal daily, as well as Pier 11/Wall Street and West Midtown Ferry Terminal on weekdays. [71] The ferry concourse has five slips, numbered 1–5. Slips 1 and 5 are generally used for ferries heading to West Midtown, Slip 2 is generally used for Wall Street ferries, and Slip 3 is generally used for Brookfield Place ferries. [72]

Bus service

Ten routes operated by New Jersey Transit Bus Operations serve Hoboken. Lanes 1-5 are underneath the covered "Hoboken Bus Terminal" adjacent to Track 1, while Lane 6 lies at the curb adjacent to the main commuter rail concourse. [72]

Route 87 departs from Lane 1 for Jersey City, [72] [73] route 126 departs from Lanes 2 and 3 for the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Manhattan, [72] [74] and routes 85 , 89 depart from Lane 4 for American Dream Meadowlands in East Rutherford or Nungessers. [72] [75] [76] Routes 22 , 22X , 23 depart from Lane 5 for Weehawken or Union City, [72] and routes 63 , 64 , 68 departs from Lane 6 for Lakewood, Lincoln Harbor, or Old Bridge. [72] [77] [78]

Former named trains

NameOperatorsDestinationYear begunYear discontinued
Atlantic Express and Pacific Express Erie Railroad, then Erie-Lackawanna Chicago, Illinois 1885, but started departing from Hoboken in 19561965
Chicago Limited Lackawanna Railroad DLW terminal in Buffalo, New York, continuing as an express New York Central train to Chicago, the westbound counterpart to the Lackawanna Limited19171941
Erie Limited Erie Railroad, then Erie-Lackawanna Chicago, Illinois Began in 1929, but started departing from Hoboken in 19561963
Lake Cities Erie Railroad, then Erie-Lackawanna Chicago, Illinois Began in 1939, but started departing from Hoboken in 19561970
Lackawanna Limited Lackawanna Railroad Buffalo, until 1941 continuing to Chicago 19011949
Merchants Express Lackawanna Railroad Scranton 19371959
New York Mail Lackawanna Railroad, then Erie-Lackawanna via Nickel Plate Road Buffalo, continuing to Chicago 19371968
New Yorker/ Westerner Lackawanna Railroad, then Erie-Lackawanna via Nickel Plate Road Buffalo, continuing to Chicago 19361963
Owl Lackawanna Railroad, then Erie-Lackawanna via Nickel Plate Road Buffalo, continuing to St. Louis 19191968
Phoebe Snow Lackawanna Railroad, then Erie-Lackawanna DL&W Terminal, Buffalo 19491966
Pocono Express Lackawanna Railroad Buffalo 19361965 [79]
Scrantonian Lackawanna Railroad Scranton 19421952
Twilight Lackawanna Railroad Buffalo 19501965 [79]

Environs and access

Hoboken Terminal viewed from the northeast, with Jersey City skyline in the background Hoboken Terminal June 2015 panorama 1.jpg
Hoboken Terminal viewed from the northeast, with Jersey City skyline in the background

Though the passenger facilities are located within Hoboken, large parts of the infrastructure that supports them are located in Jersey City. The Hoboken/Jersey City line cuts across the rail yard at a northwest diagonal from the river to the intersection of Grove Street and Newark Street. It is at this corner that Observer Highway begins running parallel to the tracks and creating a de facto border for Hoboken. [80] Motor vehicle access to the station is extremely limited. At the eastern end of Observer Highway buses are permitted to enter their terminal. Other vehicles are required to do a dog-leg turn onto Hudson Place. This 0.05-mile-long (0.080 km) street (designated CR 736) is the only one with motor vehicle traffic adjacent to the station. [81] In 2009, pedestrian access to the terminal from the south was made possible with the opening of a new segment of the Hudson River Waterfront Walkway. [82]

In media

The station has been used for film shoots, including Funny Girl , Three Days of the Condor , Once Upon a Time in America , The Station Agent , The Curse of the Jade Scorpion , [83] Julie & Julia , Kal Ho Naa Ho , Rod Stewart's "Downtown Train" video (1990) and Eric Clapton's video for his 1996 single "Change the World". [84]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pavonia Terminal</span> Former intermodal terminal in Jersey City, New Jersey

Pavonia Terminal was the Erie Railroad terminal on the Hudson River located in the Harsimus section of Jersey City, New Jersey. The station opened in 1861 and closed in 1958 when the Erie Railroad moved its passenger services to nearby Hoboken Terminal. The New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway also ran commuter trains from the terminal and various street cars, ferries and the underground Hudson and Manhattan Railroad serviced the station. The station was abandoned in 1958 and demolished in 1961. The site was eventually redeveloped into the Newport district in the late 20th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mountain View station (NJ Transit)</span> NJ Transit rail station

Mountain View, signed on the platform as Mountain View–Wayne, is a station on the Montclair-Boonton Line of NJ Transit in Wayne, New Jersey. Prior to the Montclair Connection in 2002, the station was served by the Boonton Line. The station is located on Erie Avenue, just off of US 202 and Route 23 in Downtown Wayne. Since January 2008, Mountain View station is the second of two stations in Wayne, the other being the Wayne Route 23 Transit Center, a station off the Westbelt interchange.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bergen Hill</span> Lower part of the Hudson Palisades, New Jersey, United States

Bergen Hill refers to the lower Hudson Palisades in New Jersey, where they emerge on Bergen Neck, which in turn is the peninsula between the Hackensack and Hudson Rivers, and their bays. In Hudson County, it reaches a height of 260 feet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingsland station</span> NJ Transit rail station

Kingsland is a railroad station on New Jersey Transit's Main Line. It is located under Ridge Road (Route 17) between New York and Valley Brook Avenues in Lyndhurst, New Jersey, and is one of two stations in Lyndhurst. The station is not staffed, and passengers use ticket vending machines (TVMs) located at street level to purchase tickets. The station is not handicapped-accessible. Originally part of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad's Boonton Branch, the current Kingsland station was built in 1918.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Montclair-Boonton Line</span> Commuter rail line in New Jersey

The Montclair-Boonton Line is a commuter rail line of New Jersey Transit Rail Operations in the United States. It is part of the Hoboken Division. The line is a consolidation of three individual lines: the former Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad's Montclair Branch, which ran from Hoboken Terminal to Bay Street, Montclair. The Erie Railroad's Greenwood Lake Division, a segment from Montclair to Mountain View-Wayne, originally ran from the Jersey City Terminal to Greenwood Lake, NY, and the former Lackawanna Boonton Line ran from Hoboken to Hackettstown, New Jersey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Hoboken train crash</span> 2016 railroad disaster in New Jersey, US

On September 29, 2016, an NJ Transit commuter train crashed at Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken, New Jersey. The accident occurred during the morning rush hour, at one of the busiest transportation hubs in the New York metropolitan area. One person died, and 114 others were injured. The train operator, who was in the cab car, was among the injured.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Newark station</span> Former railway station in New Jersey, United States

North Newark was a former commuter railroad train station in the Woodside section of the city of Newark, Essex County, New Jersey. Located at the intersection of Broadway and Verona Avenue, the station served trains on NJ Transit's Boonton Line, which operated at the time between Netcong and Hoboken Terminal. The station consisted of two low-level side platforms, accessible by stairs from Broadway. The next station to the east was Arlington in nearby Kearny, with the next station to the west being Rowe Street in Bloomfield.

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Google Maps Street View
Searchtool.svg Hudson Place and River Street entrance to PATH
Searchtool.svg Stairs and elevator to PATH on Hudson Place
Searchtool.svg PATH platforms
Searchtool.svg Waiting room
Searchtool.svg Commuter rail platforms
Searchtool.svg Light rail platforms
Searchtool.svg Ferry pier