1913 in Ireland

Centuries:	18th ; 19th ; 20th ; 21st ;
Decades:	1890s ; 1900s ; 1910s ; 1920s ; 1930s ;
See also:	1913 in the United Kingdom ; Other events of 1913 ; List of years in Ireland

Last updated September 21, 2024

Events

13 January – Edward Carson founded the Ulster Volunteer Force by unifying several existing loyalist militias.^[1]
30 January – At Westminster the House of Lords rejected the 3rd Home Rule Bill by 326 to 69.
10 February – John Redmond opened the replacement city bridge over the River Suir in Waterford that will be named after him.^[2]
7 July – The Home Rule Bill was once again carried in the House of Commons, despite attempts by Bonar Law to obstruct it.
26 August – Dublin Lock-out: members of James Larkin's Irish Transport and General Workers' Union employed by the Dublin United Tramways Company began strike action in defiance of the dismissal of trade union members by the chairman, businessman William Martin Murphy.^[3]
31 August – Dublin Lock-out: the Dublin Metropolitan Police killed one demonstrator and injured 400 in dispersing a demonstration in Sackville Street (Dublin).^[1]
1 September – Protest by locked-out workers led to serious riots in Dublin. Shops were looted and attempts made to tear up tram lines.

Dublin Metropolitan Police break up a union rally on Sackville Street, August 1913 1913lockout.jpg — Dublin Metropolitan Police break up a union rally on Sackville Street, August 1913

2 September – Two tenement houses in Church Street, Dublin, collapsed, killing 7 (including 2 children) and leaving 11 families homeless.^[4]
3 September – A meeting of 400 employers with William Martin Murphy pledged not to employ any persons who continued to be members of the Irish Transport & General Workers' Union.
7 September – A large meeting in Sackville Street asserted the right of free speech, trade union representation, and demanded an enquiry into police conduct.
17 September
- In Newry, Edward Carson said that a Provisional Government would be established in Ulster if Home Rule was introduced.
- In Dublin, labour unrest grew with a march of 5,000 people through the city.
27 September – Twelve thousand Ulster Volunteers paraded at the Royal Ulster Agricultural Society's show grounds at Balmoral in Belfast to protest against the Home Rule Bill.
27 September – In Dublin, the food ship, The Hare, arrived bringing forty tons of food raised by British trade unionists.
6 October – An official report on the lockout suggested that workers should be reinstated without having to give a pledge not to join the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union.
16 October – Four thousand men and women marched through Dublin in support of James Larkin and the Transport Union.
27 October – James Larkin of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union was sentenced to seven months in prison for seditious language but was released after just over a week.
1 November
- Kingstown trade unionist James Byrne, arrested for his part in the lockout, died as the result of a hunger strike.
- Professor Eoin MacNeill's article, The North Began, suggesting formation of pro-self-government Irish Volunteers, appeared in the Gaelic League newspaper An Claidheamh Soluis , at the suggestion of The O'Rahilly.^[5]
10 November – The Dublin Volunteer Corps enrolled over 2,000 men. They declared that they would preserve the "civil and religious liberties" of Protestants outside Ulster in the event of Irish Home Rule.
19 November – The Irish Citizen Army was founded by James Larkin, Jack White, and James Connolly to protect workers in the general lockout.
25 November – The pro-Home Rule Irish Volunteers were formed at a meeting attended by 4,000 men in the Rotunda Rink in Dublin.^[6]
28 November – Bonar Law addressed a huge unionist rally in the Theatre Royal in Dublin, declaring that if Home Rule was introduced Ulster would resist and would have the support of his party.

Arts and literature

George A. Birmingham's comedy General John Regan was premièred in London (8 January) and New York City (13 November).
Winifred Mary Letts published Songs from Leinster.
Conal Holmes O'Connell O'Riordan produced his play Rope Enough.
Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha's story An Baile S’Againne was published.
Katharine Tynan's Irish Poems was published.^[7]
W. B. Yeats' poem "September 1913" was published in The Irish Times during the Dublin Lock-out (8 September).^[8] His Poems Written in Discouragement is also published this year.
English barrister and lyricist Frederic Weatherly published the ballad "Danny Boy" set to the Londonderry Air.
English music hall comedian Arthur Lucan met and married (25 November) 16-year-old actress Kitty McShane in Dublin.

Sport

Association football

International
18 January Ireland 0–1 Wales (in Belfast)^[9]
15 February Ireland 2–1 England (in Belfast)^[9]
15 March Ireland 1–2 Scotland (in Dublin)^[9]

Irish League
Winners: Glentoran

Irish Cup
Winners: Linfield 2–0 Glentoran
Derry Celtic were relegated and subsequently voted out of the Irish Football League; they never played senior football again.

Gaelic games

All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 1913 Winners: Kerry
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1913 Winners: Kilkenny

Births

19 January – Matt O'Mahoney, international soccer player (died 1992).
22 January – William Conway, Cardinal Archbishop of Armagh (died 1977).
30 January – Kevin Danaher, folklorist and writer (died 2002).
15 February – William Scott, Ulster Scots painter (died 1989).
13 March – Joe Kelly, motor racing driver (died 1993).
29 March – Niall MacGinnis, actor (died circa 1977).
13 April – David Grene, classical scholar (died 2002).
14 April – Galbraith Lowry-Corry, 7th Earl Belmore, soldier and deputy lieutenant for County Fermanagh (died 1960).
1 May – Maurice Gibson, Northern Irish judge (died 1987).
19 May – Seán Moore, Fianna Fáil party Teachta Dála (TD) (died 1986).
5 June – Peter Doherty, footballer (died 1990).
6 June – Patrick Campbell, 3rd Baron Glenavy, journalist and author (died 1980).
17 August – Harry Baird, soccer player (died 1973).
28 August – John Mackey, Limerick hurler (died 1989).
31 August – Jack Doyle, boxer, actor and singer (died 1978).
20 September – Bernard Bergin, cricketer (died 1985).
23 September – Samuel Edgar, cricketer (died 1937).
25 September – Tony O'Malley, painter (died 2003).
9 October – Harry Bradshaw, golfer (died 1990).
18 October – David Lord, Royal Air Force pilot, posthumous recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry at Arnhem (died 1944).
V24 November – Geraldine Fitzgerald, film & television actress (died 2005)
3 December – Gerry Healy, British Trotskyist leader (died 1989).
Full date unknown – Sigerson Clifford, poet and playwright (died 1985).

Deaths

3 January – James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn, politician and diplomat (born 1838).
21 February – John Joseph Hogan, first Bishop of the Dioceses of Saint Joseph, Missouri and Kansas City, Missouri (born 1829).
15 March – Max Arthur Macauliffe, British administrator, scholar and author (born 1841).
25 March – Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley, soldier (born 1833).
4 April – Edward Dowden, critic and poet (born 1843).
6 April – Somerset Lowry-Corry, 4th Earl Belmore, soldier, politician and Lord Lieutenant for County Tyrone (born 1835).
17 April – Barton McGuckin, tenor singer (born 1852).
25 April – Arthur Thomas Moore, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at the Battle of Khushab, Persia (born 1830).
22 May – Edward Gibson, 1st Baron Ashbourne, lawyer and Lord Chancellor of Ireland (born 1837).
1 June – James O'Halloran, lawyer and politician in Quebec (born circa 1820).
1 October – Eugene O'Keefe, businessman and philanthropist in Canada (born 1827).
5 October – Patrick Augustine Sheehan, priest, author and political activist (born 1852).
19 October – Emily Lawless, writer, died in England (born 1845).
18 December – Thomas Kingsmill Abbott, scholar and educator (born [[1829 1829).

Related Research Articles

Unionism in Ireland is a political tradition that professes loyalty to the crown of the United Kingdom and to the union it represents with England, Scotland and Wales. The overwhelming sentiment of Ireland's Protestant minority, unionism mobilised in the decades following Catholic Emancipation in 1829 to oppose restoration of a separate Irish parliament. Since Partition in 1921, as Ulster unionism its goal has been to retain Northern Ireland as a devolved region within the United Kingdom and to resist the prospect of an all-Ireland republic. Within the framework of the 1998 Belfast Agreement, which concluded three decades of political violence, unionists have shared office with Irish nationalists in a reformed Northern Ireland Assembly. As of February 2024, they no longer do so as the larger faction: they serve in an executive with an Irish republican First Minister.

The Irish Citizen Army, or ICA, was a small paramilitary group of trained trade union volunteers from the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU) established in Dublin for the defence of workers' demonstrations from the Dublin Metropolitan Police. It was formed by James Larkin, James Connolly and Jack White on 23 November 1913. Other prominent members included Seán O'Casey, Constance Markievicz, Francis Sheehy-Skeffington, P. T. Daly and Kit Poole. In 1916, it took part in the Easter Rising, an armed insurrection aimed at ending British rule in Ireland.

James Larkin, sometimes known as Jim Larkin or Big Jim, was an Irish republican, socialist and trade union leader. He was one of the founders of the Irish Labour Party along with James Connolly and William O'Brien, and later the founder of the Irish Worker League, as well as the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU) and the Workers' Union of Ireland. Along with Connolly and Jack White, he was also a founder of the Irish Citizen Army. Larkin was a leading figure in the Syndicalist movement.

Events from the year 1920 in Ireland.

Events from the year 1914 in Ireland.

Events in the year 1912 in Ireland.

Events in the year 1911 in Ireland.

Events from the year 1892 in Ireland.

Ireland was part of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1922. For almost all of this period, the island was governed by the UK Parliament in London through its Dublin Castle administration in Ireland. Ireland underwent considerable difficulties in the 19th century, especially the Great Famine of the 1840s which started a population decline that continued for almost a century. The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a vigorous campaign for Irish Home Rule. While legislation enabling Irish Home Rule was eventually passed, militant and armed opposition from Irish unionists, particularly in Ulster, opposed it. Proclamation was shelved for the duration following the outbreak of World War I. By 1918, however, moderate Irish nationalism had been eclipsed by militant republican separatism. In 1919, war broke out between republican separatists and British Government forces. Subsequent negotiations between Sinn Féin, the major Irish party, and the UK government led to the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, which resulted in five-sixths of the island seceding from the United Kingdom, becoming the Irish Free State, with only the six northeastern counties remaining within the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dublin lock-out</span> Major industrial dispute which took place in Dublin, Ireland

The Dublin lock-out was a major industrial dispute between approximately 20,000 workers and 300 employers that took place in Dublin, Ireland. The dispute, lasting from 26 August 1913 to 18 January 1914, is often viewed as the most severe and significant industrial dispute in Irish history. Central to the dispute was the workers' right to unionise.

The Larne gun-running was a major gun smuggling operation organised in April 1914 in Ireland by Major Frederick H. Crawford and Captain Wilfrid Spender for the Ulster Unionist Council to equip the Ulster Volunteer Force. The operation involved the smuggling of almost 25,000 rifles and between 3 and 5 million rounds of ammunition from the German Empire, with the shipments landing in Larne, Donaghadee, and Bangor in the early hours between Friday 24 and Saturday 25 April 1914. The Larne gun-running may have been the first time in history that motor-vehicles were used "on a large scale for a military-purpose, and with striking success".

Protestant Irish Nationalists are adherents of Protestantism in Ireland who also support Irish nationalism. Protestants have played a large role in the development of Irish nationalism since the eighteenth century, despite most Irish nationalists historically being from the Irish Catholic majority, as well as most Irish Protestants usually tending toward unionism in Ireland. Protestant nationalists have consistently been influential supporters and leaders of various movements for the political independence of Ireland from Great Britain. Historically, these movements ranged from supporting the legislative independence of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Ireland, to a form of home rule within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to complete independence in an Irish Republic and a United Ireland.

Events from the year 1886 in Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Martin Murphy</span> Irish politician and businessman (1845–1919)

William Martin Murphy was an Irish businessman, newspaper publisher and politician. A member of parliament (MP) representing Dublin from 1885 to 1892, he was dubbed "William Murder Murphy" among the Irish press and the striking members of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union during the Dublin Lockout of 1913. He was arguably both Ireland's first "press baron" and the leading promoter of tram development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Winifred Carney</span> Suffragist, trade unionist and Irish independence activist

Maria Winifred "Winnie" Carney, was an Irish republican, a participant in the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin, and in Belfast—as a trade union secretary, women's suffragist, and socialist party member—a lifelong social and political activist. In March 2024, a statue to her was unveiled on the grounds of Belfast City Hall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1907 Belfast Dock strike</span>

The Belfast Dock strike or Belfast lockout took place in Belfast, Ireland from 26 April to 28 August 1907. The strike was called by Liverpool-born trade union leader James Larkin who had successfully organised the dock workers to join the National Union of Dock Labourers (NUDL). The dockers, both Protestant and Catholic, had gone on strike after their demand for union recognition was refused. They were soon joined by carters, shipyard workers, sailors, firemen, boilermakers, coal heavers, transport workers, and women from the city's largest tobacco factory. Most of the dock labourers were employed by powerful tobacco magnate Thomas Gallaher, chairman of the Belfast Steamship Company and owner of Gallaher's Tobacco Factory.

Delia Larkin was a trade union organiser, journalist and actress, born to Irish parents in Liverpool, England. She was influenced by the activities of her brother, James Larkin, to move to Ireland, and was prominent during the 1913 Dublin Lockout. She was active in Irish trade union activities and was a founding secretary of the Irish Women Workers' Union.

Alice Brady (1898–1914) was a labour activist that was shot and killed during the 1913 Dublin Lock-out. She was shot accidentally in the hand by a worker and died two weeks later of tetanus. The worker was charged but acquitted of her murder. Members from the Irish Women Workers' Union used her funeral as a show of strength. A service was held on Saturday, 4 January 2014 to mark the centenary of Brady's funeral, and RTÉ One broadcast a documentary on the lockout involving descendants of participants and members of Brady's family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jennie Shanahan</span> Member of the Irish Citizen Army

Jennie Shanahan, was a member of the Irish Citizen Army and fought in the Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence.

Captain James Robert "Jack" White, DSO (1879–1946) was an Irish republican and libertarian socialist. After colonial service in the British military, he entered Irish politics in 1913 working with Roger Casement in Ulster to detach fellow Protestants from Unionism as it armed to resist Irish Home Rule, and with James Connolly to defend the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union in the great Dublin lock-out. White rallied to the defence of those condemned for the 1916 Easter Rising, but the combination of his socialism and anti-clericalism placed him at odds with the principal currents of Irish republicanism. Until experience of Republican Spain in 1936 convinced him of the anarchist critique of the party-state, he associated with a succession of communist-aligned groups. His last public appearance was in 1945, at an Orange Hall in his home town of Broughshane, County Antrim, where he proposed himself as a "republican socialist" candidate in the upcoming United Kingdom general election.

References

1 2 Cottrell, Peter (2009). The War for Ireland, 1913–1923 . Oxford: Osprey. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-84603-9966.
↑ "Redmond Bridge". Ask about Ireland. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
↑ Yeates, Padraig (2009). "The Dublin 1913 Lockout". History Ireland . 9 (2). Retrieved 19 October 2012.
↑ Curry, James (2 September 2013). "Column: 'A tragedy of the very poor' – Remembering the 1913 Church Street disaster". thejournal.ie. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
↑ McGee, Owen (2005). The IRB: The Irish Republican Brotherhood from the Land League to Sinn Féin. Bodmin: MPG Books. p. 354. ISBN 978-1-84682-064-9.
↑ White, Gerry; O’Shea, Brendan (2003). Irish Volunteer Soldiers 1913–23. Oxford: Osprey. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-84176-685-0.
↑ Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature . Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.
↑ Collected in Responsibilities, and Other Poems (1916).
1 2 3 Hayes, Dean (2006). Northern Ireland International Football Facts. Belfast: Appletree Press. pp. 161–162. ISBN 0-86281-874-5.

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[Cottrell-1] 1 2 Cottrell, Peter (2009). The War for Ireland, 1913–1923 . Oxford: Osprey. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-84603-9966.

[2] "Redmond Bridge". Ask about Ireland. Retrieved 17 November 2015.

[3] Yeates, Padraig (2009). "The Dublin 1913 Lockout". History Ireland . 9 (2). Retrieved 19 October 2012.

[4] Curry, James (2 September 2013). "Column: 'A tragedy of the very poor' – Remembering the 1913 Church Street disaster". thejournal.ie. Retrieved 8 February 2019.

[5] McGee, Owen (2005). The IRB: The Irish Republican Brotherhood from the Land League to Sinn Féin. Bodmin: MPG Books. p. 354. ISBN 978-1-84682-064-9.

[6] White, Gerry; O’Shea, Brendan (2003). Irish Volunteer Soldiers 1913–23. Oxford: Osprey. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-84176-685-0.

[7] Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature . Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.

[8] Collected in Responsibilities, and Other Poems (1916).

[DH-9] 1 2 3 Hayes, Dean (2006). Northern Ireland International Football Facts. Belfast: Appletree Press. pp. 161–162. ISBN 0-86281-874-5.

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