1945 Finnish parliamentary election

1945 Finnish parliamentary election

←  1939 17–18 March 1945 1948  →
All 200 seats in the Parliament of Finland 101 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Onni Hiltunen Cay Sundström Viljami Kalliokoski Party SDP SKDL Agrarian Last election 85 seats, 39.77% – 56 seats, 22.86% Seats won 50 49 49 Seat change 35 new 7 Popular vote 425,948 398,618 362,662 Percentage 25.08% 23.47% 21.35% Swing 14.69pp new 1.51pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Edwin Linkomies Ernst von Born Tyko Tarponen Party National Coalition RKP National Progressive Last election 25 seats, 13.58% 18 seats, 9.61% 6 seats, 4.81% Seats won 28 14 9 Seat change 5 4 3 Popular vote 255,394 134,106 87,868 Percentage 15.04% 7.90% 5.17% Swing 1.46pp 1.71pp 0.36pp   Seventh party   Party Swedish Left Last election 0 seats, 0.46% Seats won 1 Seat change 1 Popular vote 8,192 Percentage 0.48% Swing 0.02pp
Prime Minister before election Juho Kusti Paasikivi National Coalition Prime Minister after election Juho Kusti Paasikivi National Coalition

Ballot paper

Parliamentary elections were held in Finland on 17 and 18 March 1945. The broad-based centre-left government of Prime Minister Juho Kusti Paasikivi (National Coalition/Independent) remained in office after the elections.

Background

The communists could, for the first time since 1929, freely present their candidates. Through the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL), they were able to win over a large section of Social Democratic voters. The Patriotic People's Movement (IKL) had been banned by the time of the election. Prime Minister Paasikivi urged in February 1945 Finnish voters to elect "new faces" to Parliament, which they certainly did: almost half of the 200 deputies were new. Some wartime deputies, including Social Democrat Väinö Tanner and Agrarian Viljami Kalliokoski, decided voluntarily not to seek re-election, because under the new political climate (Finland's desire to establish friendly relations with the Soviet Union), their wartime political activities, including their association with the informal Finnish-German military alliance, looked suspicious. The right-wing and centrist parties had to campaign carefully, so as not to appear anti-Soviet, while the Communists could loudly and vigorously accuse the right-wing and centrist parties of accepting their ban from open political activity, which had lasted from 1930 to 1944. One major economic issue in these elections was the continued scarcity of goods caused by the wartime rationing. Communists promised the impoverished voters a quick improvement in their living standards, and also other major parties promised more prosperity in the starting peacetime. These promises were made despite the still limited Finnish foreign trade - World War II would only end in Europe in May and in Asia in September - and the heavy burden which the Soviet Union's war reparations payments imposed on the Finnish economy. ^{[1] [2] [3]}

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Social Democratic Party	425,948	25.08	50	–35
	Finnish People's Democratic League	398,618	23.47	49	New
	Agrarian League	362,662	21.35	49	–7
	National Coalition Party	255,394	15.04	28	+3
	Swedish People's Party	134,106	7.90	14	–4
	National Progressive Party	87,868	5.17	9	+3
	Small Farmers Party	20,061	1.18	0	–2
	Swedish Left	8,192	0.48	1	+1
	Radical People's Party	1,623	0.10	0	New
	Others	3,904	0.23	0	–
Total		1,698,376	100.00	200	0
Valid votes		1,698,376	99.31
Invalid/blank votes		11,875	0.69
Total votes		1,710,251	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		2,284,249	74.87
Source: Tilastokeskus 2004, [4] Suomen virallinen tilasto [5]

By electoral district

Electoral district	Total seats	Seats won
		SDP	SKDL	ML	Kok	RKP	KE	SV
Central Finland	11	3	3	3	1		1
East Viipuri	17	4	2	9	2
Häme	11	4	3	1	2		1
Lapland	8	1	2	4	1
North Karelia	10	4	2	3	1
North Savo	11	3	4	3	1
North Vaasa	8	1	1	2	1	3
Oulu	17	2	5	7	2		1
Pirkanmaa	11	4	3	1	2		1
Satakunta	14	4	4	3	2		1
South Savo	11	4	2	4	1
South Vaasa	10	1	2	2	2	3
Uusima	31	7	9	1	5	6	2	1
Varsinais-Suomi	15	3	5	2	2	2	1
West Viipuri	15	5	2	4	3		1
Total	200	50	49	49	28	14	9	1
Source: Statistics Finland [6]

References

1. Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of the Finnish History / Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen, Helsinki: WSOY, 2003
2. Sakari Virkkunen, Finland's Presidents I / Suomen presidentit I, Helsinki: WSOY, 1994
3. Martti Turtola, Risto Ryti: A Life for the Fatherland / Risto Ryti. Elämä isänmaan puolesta, Helsinki: Otava, 1994
4. "595. Eduskuntavaalit 1927–2003 (Tilastokeskus 2004)
5. Suomen virallinen tilasto 29 A, Kansanedustajain vaalit, XX.
6. Suomen virallinen tilasto XXIX A:20: Eduskuntavaalit vuosina 1939 ja 1945. Statistics Finland. 1946.