General elections were held in Romania on 26 November 2000, with a second round of the presidential election on 10 December. Former president Ion Iliescu of the Social Democracy Party of Romania (PDSR) was re-elected in the run-off, whilst the PDSR, as part of the Social Democratic Pole of Romania (PDSR), emerged as the largest party in Parliament, winning 155 of the 345 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 65 of the 140 seats in the Senate. The 2000 Romanian presidential election was the fourth of its kind held in post-1989 Romania.
Elections in Rwanda are manipulated in various ways, which include banning opposition parties, arresting or assassinating critics, and electoral fraud. According to its constitution, Rwanda is a multi-party democracy with a presidential system. In practice, it functions as a one-party state ruled by the Rwandan Patriotic Front and its leader Paul Kagame. The President and majority of members of the Chamber of Deputies are directly elected, whilst the Senate is indirectly elected and partly appointed.
General elections were held in Chile on 30 October 1932. Arturo Alessandri of the Liberal Party was elected president, whilst the Conservative Party and Radical Party emerged as the largest parties in the Chamber of Deputies.
The ley de lemas is a variant of open list proportional representation, which is, or has been, used in elections in Argentina, Uruguay, and Honduras, and works as follows:
General elections were held in Uruguay on 31 October 1999, alongside a double referendum, with a second round of the presidential election on 28 November. The elections were the first in Uruguay since World War I that were not dominated by the Colorado Party and the National Party. The Broad Front had begun gaining popularity in 1994, and had become a key player in Uruguayan politics by 1999.
General elections were held in Venezuela on 1 December 1968. The presidential election was won by Rafael Caldera of Copei, who received 29.1% of the vote. Acción Democrática remained the largest party in the Chamber of Deputies and Senate. Voter turnout was 96.7% in the presidential election and 94.5% in the Congressional elections. When Caldera took office in March 1969, it marked the first time in Venezuela's history as an independent nation that the sitting government peacefully transferred power to an elected member of the opposition.
General elections were held in Brazil on 2 December 1945, the first since the establishment of Getúlio Vargas' Estado Novo. The presidential elections were won by Eurico Gaspar Dutra of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), whilst the PSD also won a majority of seats in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Voter turnout was 83% in the presidential election, 81% in the Chamber elections and 73% in the Senate elections.
General elections were held in Venezuela on 5 December 1993. The presidential elections were won by former president Rafael Caldera of National Convergence, who received 30% of the vote. Democratic Action remained the largest party in the Chamber of Deputies and Senate, which were elected on separate ballots for the first time. Voter turnout was 60%, the lowest since World War II.
General elections were held in Paraguay on 10 May 1998. Incumbent Juan Carlos Wasmosy could not run again, as the constitution limits the president to a single five-year term with no possibility of re-election.
General elections were held in Tunisia on 2 November 1969 to elect a President and Chamber of Deputies. At the time the country was a one-party state with the Socialist Destourian Party (PSD) as the sole legal party. In the presidential election, Habib Bourguiba was the only candidate by virtue of his role as the chairman of the PSD. In the Chamber election, the PSD put forward a single list of candidates in each constituency. Voter turnout was 99.8% in the presidential election and 94.7% in the Chamber election.
General elections were held in Tunisia on 3 November 1974 to elect a President and Chamber of Deputies. At the time the country was a one-party state with the Socialist Destourian Party (PSD) as the sole legal party. In the presidential election, Habib Bourguiba was the only candidate by virtue as his role as the chairman of the PSD. In the Chamber election, the PSD put forward a single list of candidates in each constituency. Voter turnout was 96.8% in the Chamber election.
Parliamentary elections were held in Haiti on 30 April 1961. They followed the dissolution of Parliament by President François Duvalier and the abolition of the Senate, making the Chamber of Deputies a unicameral body. Duvalier's National Unity Party won all 67 seats in the elections, which were later re-interpreted as presidential elections in order to give Duvalier a six-year presidential term and avoid the need for scheduled presidential election in 1963.
Legislative elections were held in Mexico on 1 July 1979. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) won 296 of the 400 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. Voter turnout was 49%.
Early general elections were held in Paraguay on 1 May 1989 to elect the president and Chamber of Deputies. They were the first held since longtime president Alfredo Stroessner was toppled in a military coup on 3 February, seven months after being sworn in for an eighth term. For the first time in several years, the opposition was allowed to contest the elections more or less unmolested; the Communists were the only party that was banned from taking part.
General elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 18 November 1990, with a second round of voting in the House of Peoples elections on 2 December. These were the final general elections to be held in Bosnia and Herzegovina while it was still a constituent republic of the SFR Yugoslavia.
General elections were held in Peru on 22 October 1939 to elect the President and both houses of the Congress. In the presidential elections the result was a victory for Manuel Prado Ugarteche of the Concentración Nacional coalition, who received 77.5% of the vote. The Concentración Nacional also won a landslide victory in the Congressional elections, winning 45 of the 48 seats in the Senate and 111 of the 140 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
General elections were held in Peru on 2 July 1950 to elect the President and both houses of Congress. Manuel A. Odría was the only presidential candidate after Ernesto Montage of the Democratic League withdrew, and was elected unopposed. In the Congressional elections, lists supporting Odría won 38 of the 47 seats in the Senate and 139 of the 156 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
General elections were held in Peru on 17 June 1956 to elect the President and both houses of the Congress. Manuel Prado Ugarteche of the Pradist Democratic Movement won the presidential election with 45.5% of the vote. They were the first elections in Peru in which women could vote, and nine women were elected to Congress; Manuela Billinghurst, Alicia Blanco Montesinos, Lola Blanco Montesinos, María Colina Lozano, Matilde Pérez Palacio, Carlota Ramos de Santolaya, María Eleonora Silva Silva and Juana Ubilluz de Palacios were elected to the Chamber of Deputies, while Irene Silva de Santolalla became the first woman elected to the Senate.
Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 3 and 17 August 1845.
Parliamentary elections were held in Portugal on 28 November and 12 December 1847.
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