2012 Afghanistan earthquakes

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2012 Afghanistan earthquakes
June 2012 Afghanistan earthquakes shakemap.jpg
Afghanistan physical map.svg
Bullseye1.png
UTC  time Doublet earthquake:    
 A: 2012-06-11 05:02:14
 B: 2012-06-11 05:29:11
ISC  event 
 A: 601474949
 B: 601112970
USGS-ANSS  
 A: ComCat
 B: ComCat
Local date11 June 2012 (2012-06-11)
Local time 
 A: 9:32 a.m.
 B: 9:57 a.m.
Magnitude 
 A: 5.4 mb [1]
 B: 5.7 Mww [2]
DepthA: 29 km (18 mi)
B: 16 km (10 mi)
EpicenterA: 36°02′20″N69°24′04″E / 36.039°N 69.401°E / 36.039; 69.401
B: 36°01′23″N69°21′04″E / 36.023°N 69.351°E / 36.023; 69.351
Areas affected Afghanistan
Total damageHundreds of buildings destroyed
Max. intensity MMI V (Moderate)
LandslidesYes
Casualties75 killed, 13 injured

On 11 June 2012, two moderate earthquakes struck northern Afghanistan, causing a large landslide. The landslide buried the town of Sayi Hazara, trapping 71 people. After four days of digging, only five bodies were recovered and the search was called off. [3] Overall, 75 people were killed and 13 others were injured. [4]

Contents

Tectonic setting

Afghanistan is situated within the broad and complex zone of collision between the Arabian plate, the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. The western part of the country is subdivided into the North Afghan Platform to the north and a series of accreted terranes to the south. [5] The North Afghan Platform has remained relatively tectonically stable since the Variscan Orogeny during the Late Palaeozoic, when it became part of Eurasia. To the south there is a collage of continental fragments and magmatic arcs that have been progressively accreted, particularly in the Mesozoic period. The boundary between these two crustal areas is the major right-lateral strike-slip Harirud (or Herat) Fault, which is far less seismically active than the Chaman Fault that runs through the east of the country. To the north of the Harirud Fault, the near parallel Band-e Turkestan Fault does show signs of recent activity, also in a right-lateral sense. [6]

Earthquakes

The first earthquake struck at 09:32 local time (05:02 UTC), registering a magnitude of 5.4 at 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) depth. A second quake struck 25 minutes later, measuring 5.7 magnitude. [7] The epicenter of both quakes was approximately 160 kilometres (99 mi) southwest of Fayzabad. [7] The quakes could be felt 170 kilometres (110 mi) away in the capital of Kabul. [8]

Damage

The quakes caused a large portion of a mountain in the Hindu Kush region to break off. An estimated, one hectare of land was covered in up to 100 metres (330 ft) of debris by the landslide in the Burka District of Baghlan Province. [7] [9] The village of Sayi Hazara was hardest hit, buried under 30 to 100 meters of rock from the landslide. [7] [9]

Rescue efforts

According to Baghlan provincial governor Munshi Majeed, Sayi Hazara was completely destroyed by the landslide. He said there was little hope in finding any survivors in the 23 homes buried when a large portion of the nearby mountain broke free and inundated the village. Only one home survived. [8] Rescue workers worked throughout 11 June and into the night, but heard no human noises. Baghlan Provincial Council member Haji Wakil told reporters, "The mountain was too big and strong... There is silence and silence alone." [8] Majeed added, "This is a human tragedy. An entire village was lost... Two bulldozers are now there to recover the dead bodies but the amount of stones and debris that has hit the village makes the chances of survivors very slim." [8] At the time of the earthquake, most adult males were away from the village working farmland, so the victims are mostly women and children. [10] As of 13 June, only two bodies had been recovered. "We have to dig and find the 69 other bodies," said provincial spokesperson Mahmood Haqmal. "It is not an easy task, but the government has promised that they... will stay until they find the last bodies." [11]

On 14 June, the search was called off after only five bodies were recovered. The government said the area would be turned into a permanent memorial for the 66 people whose bodies were not found. [3] Religious leaders recommended the area be renamed "Martyrs Hill" in honor of the dead. [3] In total, more than 800 people helped with rescue efforts before the search was ended. [3]

In addition to Sayi Hazara, four other areas, across three districts, in Baghlan Province reported damage. [11] [12] In Nahrin district, three people were killed, while in Guzargahi Nur, one person lost his life. [4] The United Nations and the Afghan Red Crescent Society have sent humanitarian aid to the area. [11]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baghlan Province</span> Province of Afghanistan

Baghlan is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the north of the country. As of 2020, the province has a population of about 1,014,634.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samangan Province</span> Province of Afghanistan

Samangan is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located north of the Hindu Kush mountains in the central part of the country. The province covers 11,218 square kilometres (4,331 sq mi) and is surrounded by Sar-e Pol Province in the west, Balkh in the north, Baghlan in the east, and Bamyan in the south.

The 2005 Hindu Kush earthquake hit northeastern Afghanistan with a magnitude of 6.5 on December 12 at 21:47 (UTC). According to the United States Geological Survey, the maximum Mercalli intensity was V (Moderate) at Chitral. Five people were killed in the Hindu Kush region and landslides blocked several roads near Bagh, Kashmir. The earthquake occurred some 65 miles away from Faizabad, a city in the Hindu Kush mountains, but it could be felt in many neighboring areas. It could even be felt about 200 miles away in Islamabad, Pakistan. The quake was strong enough to trigger panic among survivors of October's devastating earthquake, who came out from their makeshift shelters in freezing temperatures. Although magnitude–6 earthquakes typically cause severe damage, this quake caused relatively little due to the fact that it occurred deep underground.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">October 2015 Hindu Kush earthquake</span> Earthquake in Pakistan, Afghanistan and India

The October 2015 Hindu Kush earthquake was a magnitude 7.5 earthquake that struck South Asia on 26 October 2015, at 13:39 AFT with the epicenter 45 km north of Kuran wa Munjan, Afghanistan, at a depth of 231.0 km.

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The 1983 Hindu Kush earthquake occurred south of Fayzabad, Badakhshan in northeast Afghanistan at 03:52 PST on December 31, 1983, near the border with Pakistan and the USSR. Striking 214.5 km beneath the Hindu Kush mountains, the moment magnitude 7.4 quake affected three countries, killing at least 26 people and injuring several hundred.

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References

  1. ↑ ANSS. "Hindu Kush 2012a: M 5.4 – Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  2. ↑ ANSS. "Hindu Kush 2012b: M 5.7 – Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Afghans halt effort to recover bodies of 66 people killed in landslide from earthquake". Associated Press. 14 June 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  4. 1 2 "Death toll rises to 75 after Afghanistan quakes". BNO News . 19 June 2012. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  5. ↑ Wheeler, R.L.; Rukstales, K.S. (2007). "Seismotectonic Map of Afghanistan and Adjacent Areas" (PDF). Open File Report 2007-1104. United States Geological Survey.
  6. ↑ Shroder, J.F.; Eqrar, N.; Waizy, H.; Ahmadi, H.; Weihs, B.J. (2021). "Review of the Geology of Afghanistan and its water resources". International Geology Review. 64 (7): 1009–1031. doi:10.1080/00206814.2021.1904297. S2CID   236589221.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "More than 70 feared dead in Afghan quakes". Bangkok Post. Agence France-Presse. 12 June 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Afghan quakes: Landslide killed 80, says governor". BBC News. 12 June 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  9. 1 2 Amir Shah (12 June 2012). "Afghanistan Earthquake: Dozens Feared Buried After Deadly Quakes". HuffPost. Associated Press. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
  10. ↑ "Afghanistan: 71 confirmed dead in earthquake". Zee News. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  11. 1 2 3 Rahim Faiez (13 June 2012). "Bulldozers dig for victims of Afghan earthquakes". Google News. Associated Press. Retrieved 13 June 2012.[ dead link ]
  12. ↑ "Rockfall set off by quakes kills scores in northern Afghanistan". CNN. 12 June 2012. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
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