2014 Nagano earthquake

Last updated
2014 Nagano earthquake
Kamishiro fault earthquake 2.jpg
Nagano geolocalisation relief.svg
Bullseye1.png
Japan natural location map with side map of the Ryukyu Islands.jpg
Bullseye1.png
UTC  time2014-11-22 13:08:18
ISC  event 611078990
USGS-ANSS ComCat
Local dateNovember 22, 2014
Local time22:08:18 (UTC+9)
Magnitude6.2 Mw (USGS)
6.7 MJMA (JMA)
Depth9.0 km
FaultKamishiro fault
Type Reverse
Max. intensity IX (Violent)

JMA 6−
Casualties41 injuries

On November 22, 2014, at 22:08 local time (UTC +9), an earthquake struck southeast of Hakuba, Nagano Prefecture. It had a magnitude of 6.2 Mw according to the United States Geological Survey, with a maximum intensity assigned IX (Violent) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. According to the Japan Meteorological Agency, it is recorded as 6.7 MJMA and at its peak intensity at Shindo 6 Lower on the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale. [1] [2] The earthquake did not result in any deaths, however 41 people sustained mild to severe injuries.

Contents

Earthquake

Part of the uplift of the Kamishiro fault in a rice paddy. Kamishiro fault earthquake 10.jpg
Part of the uplift of the Kamishiro fault in a rice paddy.
Surface displacement observed in Hakuba Kamishiro fault earthquake 1.jpg
Surface displacement observed in Hakuba

The quake was generated by the movement of the Kamishiro fault. The focal mechanism of which suggested reverse faulting on an eastward-dipping fault extending in the north–south direction. The quake was also had a pressure axis in the west-northwest-east-southeast direction, and is considered to be a shallow earthquake. According to the report of GNSS observations, crustal movements of about 29 cm directing southeast and some subsidence of an estimated 13 cm going the vertical direction were observed at the Hakuba observation point, located in Nagano with the occurrence of the mainshock. In addition, the analysis results from the synthetic aperture radar image according to the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 "DAICHI-2", the area of crustal movement spreads across the area of about 30 km east–west and about 30 km north–south centering on the village of Hakuba. In particular, large fluctuations can be seen along the Kamishiro fault to the west of the epicenter of the main earthquake. From these crustal movements, the length of the source fault that caused the slip is estimated to be about 20 km. In at field survey, a surface seismic fault was confirmed in the section of about 9 km from Hakuba Village in Hokujo to Hakuba Village near Kamishiro. In the surrounding areas of Hokujo Shiojima in Hakuba Village located near the west of the epicenter of the mainshock, a surface deformation of the eastern uplift with a vertical displacement of up to about 90 cm was confirmed. The Kamishiro fault, which is part of the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line active fault system, exists near this epicenter area. It is probable that a part of the Kamishiro fault and its northern extension were active in this earthquake. [3] [4]

Intensity

Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity by selected location (only locations with Shindo higher than 5 are shown) [5]
Intensity PrefectureLocation
6- Nagano Nagano (city), Togakushi, Kinasa, Otari Village, Ogawa Village, Nakaotarihei, Takafu
5+Nagano Toyono, Hakuba, Shinano, Hakoshimizu
Niigata Nakajo
5−Niigata Joetsu, Niigata (city), Itoigawa, Sekikawa, Myoko
NaganoShinshushin-Shinmachi, Nakano, Omachi, Toyotsu, Iizuna, Yazaka, Mure,

Impacts

Landslides blocking the Himekawa river Kamishiro fault earthquake 3.jpg
Landslides blocking the Himekawa river
Surface displacement in National Highway 406 Kamishiro fault earthquake 6.jpg
Surface displacement in National Highway 406

Damage

In the Oide district of the Hakuba village near the epicenter and where most ground ruptures were observed, no damage was observed. Instead, damage was observed in the Horonouchi and Mikkaichiba areas which were apparently 3 kilometers south of the epicenter. Some have speculated that the reason why damage was mostly concentrated in Horonouchi was due to soft ground and sedimentary rock in the area, but some speculate that it was due to its location between complex displacement zones. [6]

Evacuation and temporary housing

On November 23, an evacuation advisory was held for the town of Otari for 69 people from 31 households due to the mass damage and difficulties that were caused by the earthquake. [7] By November 28, 81 people in 40 households as well as 258 people from 110 households were evacuated. [8]

In Hakuba, it was decided to build about 35 temporary housing units for the people that were affected. As of mid-December, more than 90 people were living in secondary evacuation facilities such as accommodation facilities due to damage to their houses. Of these, 76 people are scheduled to move into 33 households, targeting residents who have been certified as completely or partially destroyed and those who have been instructed to evacuate due to landslides. The village is considering renting private housing when the number of units is insufficient. [9] The village of Otari however, had no plans of making new temporary housing for the residents. Instead they planned to rebuild and renew existing houses that were severely damaged and destroyed.

Electricity

According to the Chubu Electric power, the main electric supplier of the Chubu region, 1,760 households lost power and reduced to 180 units by 11 o'clock. [8] The Himekawa second power plant and hydroelectric power plant, as well as the Minaminomata power plant on the other hand, was forced to shut down. [7]

Water supply

According to the Nagano Prefecture Disaster Countermeasures Headquarters, water outages occurred in about 420 households in Nagano City, 270 households in Hakuba, 180 households in Otari and about 20 houses in Omachi. [8] A day after the earthquake water outages also occurred in Ogawa and Iiyama but were immediately restored. [8]

Transportation

Traffic disturbances occurred due to landslides in Hakuba, Hokujo, Nitta and Otari. However, by December 3, most were lifted due to easy clearance or roads. Some roads most notably, Highway No. 406, were still closed due to assessment of displacement and liquefaction. [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hakuba</span> Village in Chūbu, Japan

Hakuba is a village located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2019, the village had an estimated population of 9,007 in 4267 households, and a population density of 48 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 189.36 square kilometres (73.11 sq mi). Hakuba is an internationally renowned ski resort town in the northern Japan Alps. As the surrounding valley has an annual snow fall of over 11 meters, it is the central hub for 10 ski resorts with more than 200 runs. The village was the main event venue for 1998 Winter Olympics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2004 Chūetsu earthquake</span> Earthquake in Japan

The Chūetsu earthquakes occurred in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, at 17:56 local time on Saturday, October 23, 2004. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) named it the "Heisei 16 Niigata Prefecture Chuetsu Earthquake". Niigata Prefecture is located in the Hokuriku region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. The initial earthquake had a magnitude of 6.6 and caused noticeable shaking across almost half of Honshu, including parts of the Tōhoku, Hokuriku, Chūbu, and Kantō regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 Noto earthquake</span> Earthquake in Japan

The 2007 Noto earthquake occurred on March 25, 2007, in the Hokuriku region of Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake</span> Earthquake in Japan

On June 14, the 2008 Iwate earthquake struck the Tōhoku region of northeastern Honshū in Japan. Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) officially named this earthquake the Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake in 2008. This earthquake occurred in the south of the inland of Iwate Prefecture at 8:43 JST on June 14. The JMA magnitude was estimated at MJMA  7.2, and the moment magnitude by USGS was at Mw 6.9. The epicenter was located at 39°01.7′N140°52.8′E, about 85 kilometres (55 mi) north of Sendai and about 385 kilometres (240 mi) north-northeast of Tokyo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1948 Fukui earthquake</span>

The 1948 Fukui earthquake occurred in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. The magnitude 6.8 quake struck at 5:13:31 p.m.(JDT) on June 28, 1948. The quake's hypocenter was approximately 10 km north-northeast of Fukui, in the present-day neighborhood of Maruoka, Sakai City. The strongest shaking occurred in the city of Fukui, where it was recorded as 6 on the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984 Nagano earthquake</span> Earthquake in Japan

The 1984 Nagano earthquake hit the western part of Nagano Prefecture, Japan on September 14, 1984, at 08:48 local time. Registering a magnitude of Ms 6.3, the earthquake destroyed Otaki, and triggered major landslides. The earthquake left at least 29 people dead or missing, making it the deadliest earthquake in 1984.

A potent magnitude 6.6 Mw intraplate aftershock occurred at 17:16 JST (08:16 UTC) on 11 April, in the Hamadōri region of Fukushima, Japan. With a shallow focus of 13 km (8.1 mi), the earthquake was centred inland about 36 km (22 mi) west of Iwaki, causing widespread strong to locally severe shaking. It was one of many aftershocks to follow the 11 March Tōhoku earthquake, and the strongest to have its epicentre located inland.

An earthquake occurred on November 3 at 05:45 local time with a magnitude Ms 7.2, or MJMA 7.4. The epicenter was located off the Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Four people were injured and buildings were damaged. In Isobe (磯部) village, nowadays part of Sōma, Fukushima, a small market building collapsed. A tsunami was recorded.

The 1968 Tokachi earthquake occurred on May 16 at 0:49 UTC in the area offshore of Aomori and Hokkaido. The magnitude of this earthquake was put at Mw 8.3. The intensity of the earthquake reached shindo 5 in Aomori, Aomori and Hakodate, Hokkaido.

The 1930 North Izu earthquake occurred on November 26 at 04:02 local time. The epicenter was located in the northern Izu Peninsula, Japan. It had a magnitude of Ms 7.3, and was caused by the movement of the Tanna Fault (丹那断層).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Sanriku earthquake</span> Earthquake in Japan

The 2012 Sanriku earthquake occurred near the city of Kamaishi, Japan, on December 7 at 17:18 JST. The magnitude 7.3 shock generated a small tsunami, with waves up to 1 m high, that hit Ishinomaki in Miyagi Prefecture. It occurred at a depth of 36 km within the Pacific Plate and was the result of reverse faulting, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the Japan Trench.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Kumamoto earthquakes</span> Earthquake in Japan

The 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes were a series of earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.0 mainshock which struck at 01:25 JST on April 16, 2016 beneath Kumamoto City of Kumamoto Prefecture in Kyushu Region, Japan, at a depth of about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), and a foreshock earthquake with a magnitude 6.2 at 21:26 JST (12:26 UTC) on April 14, 2016, at a depth of about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi).

The 2019 Yamagata earthquake was an earthquake of magnitude 6.4 Mw which struck primarily the Hokuriku region in Japan on 18 June 2019 at 22:22 JST. The epicenter was close to the city of Tsuruoka, Yamagata. A tsunami warning was also issued.

An intense and deadly seismic event struck offshore east of Tōhoku, Japan. The MJMA  7.3 or Mw  7.1 earthquake occurred on a Saturday night at 23:07 JST on 13 February at a relatively shallow focal depth of 44.0 kilometers (27.3 mi). It had a maximum JMA intensity of Shindo 6+ to Shindo 7 while on the Mercalli intensity scale, it earned a rating of VIII (Severe). The earthquake was followed by multiple aftershocks within less than an hour, three of which registering magnitude 5.3. The earthquake itself has been considered an aftershock of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake which had occurred almost ten years prior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">March 2021 Miyagi earthquake</span> Earthquakes in Japan

On March 20, 2021 at 18:09 JST. The magnitude 6.9 or 7.0 earthquake struck offshore east of Tōhoku, Japan at a depth of 54.0 kilometers (33.6 mi) to 60 kilometers (37 mi). It had a maximum JMA intensity of Shindo 5+ while on the Mercalli intensity scale, it earned a rating of VII. Power outages and some slight damage in Miyagi was reported.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2011 Nagano earthquake</span> Earthquake in Japan

The 2011 Nagano earthquake was an earthquake that occurred near the border between Niigata and Nagano prefectures at 3:59 JST on March 12, 2011. The depth of the hypocenter was 8 km and magnitude of the earthquake was MJMA 6.7.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Kantō earthquakes</span>

South Kantō earthquakes or Greater Tokyo Area earthquakes are general terms for major earthquakes that occurs repeatedly historically in the southern part of Kanto region in Japan. It has been announced that there is a 70% chance that earthquakes of about M7 will occur in the southern part of the Kanto region within the next 30 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Chiba earthquake</span> 2021 earthquake in Japan

The 2021 Chiba earthquake was an earthquake that occurred in Japan at 22:41 JST on October 7, 2021. The epicenter was recorded approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) southwest of Chiba in Chiba Prefecture. The earthquake struck a depth of around 62.0 kilometers (38.5 mi) to 75.0 kilometers (46.6 mi) with a magnitude of 5.9 on the Richter scale. A maximum intensity of Shindo 5+ was recorded, equivalent to VI (Strong) on the Mercalli scale. It was the strongest earthquake to strike the Tokyo area since the 2011 Tohoku earthquake.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Fukushima earthquake</span> 2022 earthquake near Fukushima, Japan

On March 16, 2022, at 23:36 JST, a strong earthquake struck off the coast of Fukushima, Japan. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.4 according to the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA), while the United States Geological Survey (USGS) gave a slightly lower estimate of 7.3. Immediately after the event a 30‑cm tsunami was reported. The event is known in Japanese as Fukushima-ken Oki Jishin. As a result of this natural disaster, four people died and 225 were injured.

The 1983 Kaoiki earthquake struck southern Hawaii Island on the morning of November 16, 1983. Measuring Mw  6.7, it was the largest to hit the island since 1975. The epicenter was located 50 km southeast of Hilo with an approximated depth of 12 km. The shallow strike-slip earthquake was assigned a maximum intensity of IX (Violent) on the Modified Mercalli scale. 6 people were injured, widespread damage and landslides were reported across the island.

References

  1. "M 6.2 - 6 km SSE of Hakuba, Japan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 2019-06-20. Retrieved 2021-10-05.
  2. "気象庁|報道発表資料". www.jma.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-10-05.
  3. "2014年11月22日長野県北部の地震の評価". www.jishin.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
  4. "気象庁|報道発表資料". www.jma.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
  5. "sokuho.pdf" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-12-02.
  6. Suzuki, Yasuhiro; Hirouchi, Daisuke; Watanabe, Mitsuhisa (2015). "Issues raised by the 2014 Kamishiro Fault Earthquake, central Japan". Proceedings of the General Meeting of the Association of Japanese Geographers. 2015s: 100262. doi:10.14866/ajg.2015s.0_100262.
  7. 1 2 "長野県北部を震源とする地震の被害状況等について : 防災情報のページ - 内閣府". www.bousai.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "8月5日~6日大雨による県内への影響について" (PDF). www.bousai.go.jp.
  9. INC, SANKEI DIGITAL (2014-12-09). "白馬村仮設住宅着工、年内入居へ". 産経ニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-10-17.

Coordinates: 36°38′28″N137°53′17″E / 36.641°N 137.888°E / 36.641; 137.888