The Russian United Democratic Party Yabloko is a social-liberal political party in Russia. The party consequently participated in the elections of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of all eight convocations. Until 2003, Yabloko was represented by a faction in the State Duma and later until 2007 by individual deputies. In March 2002, the party became a full member of the Liberal International, and since November 1998, it had been in observer status. The founder of the party Grigory Yavlinsky is an honorary vice-president of the Liberal International and winner of its Prize for Freedom. Since 2006, Yabloko has been a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE). As of 2021, the party was represented by factions in 4 regional parliaments of the Russian Federation. In addition, members of the party were deputies of 13 administrative centers of the subjects of the Russian Federation, 183 representatives of the party were municipal deputies in Moscow, 84 in Saint Petersburg.
Ilya Valeryevich Yashin is a Russian opposition politician who led the People's Freedom Party (PARNAS) from 2012 to 2016, and then its Moscow branch. He was also head of the Moscow municipal district of Krasnoselsky and former chairman of the Council of Deputies of the Krasnoselsky district from 2017 to 2021.
A Just Russia – For Truth, formerly A Just Russia (SR), also referred to as Fair Russia, is a social conservative and social-democratic political party in Russia. The party is considered to be part of the "systemic opposition" and is generally sympathetic to the agenda of incumbent president Vladimir Putin, including his foreign policy.
The People's Freedom Party, often known by its short form PARNAS, and formerly the Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party, and initially Republican Party of Russia, was a liberal-democratic political party in Russia. It was one of the first opposition parties founded in the final years of the Soviet Union.
Legislative elections were held in Russia on 4 December 2011. At stake were the 450 seats in the 6th State Duma, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. United Russia won the elections with 49.32% of the vote, taking 238 seats or 52.88% of the Duma seats.
Gagarinsky District, Moscow is an administrative district (raion) of South-Western Administrative Okrug, and one of the 125 raions of Moscow, Russia. The area of the district is 5.50 square kilometers (2.12 sq mi). Population - 72,072. Established in 1995.
Sergey Sergeyevich Mitrokhin is a Russian politician.
Dmitry Gennadyevich Gudkov is a Russian politician and opposition leader. He was elected as a member of the State Duma in 2011–2016. His father, Gennady Gudkov, was also a Duma deputy in 2001–2012. Both father and son were members of the party A Just Russia. Gudkov was expelled from the party on 13 March 2013 after it accused him of "calling on the American authorities to interfere in Russia’s internal affairs". While Gudkov ran as candidate of Yabloko party and worked with the non-systemic opposition, he lost in the 18 September 2016 election for the Russian Parliament. In 2018, he and Ksenia Sobchak decided to align together, which lead to the creation of an opposition political party which is called the Party of Changes.
Nikolay Yurievich Kavkazsky is a Russian political, LGBT and drug policy reform activist, lawyer, member of numerous human rights organizations, blogger and a political prisoner.
The 2013 Moscow mayoral election was held on September 8, 2013, as part of the regional elections, at the same time as the elections in Moscow Oblast and other Oblasts were held.
The elections for the 5th convocation of the Moscow City Duma took place on 11 October 2009. Out of the 35 deputies, 18 were elected through party lists using proportional representation, while the remaining 17 were elected from single-member constituencies. In order to secure seats in the City Duma through proportional representation, parties needed to surpass a 7% popular vote threshold. The term of office for the newly elected City Duma members is five years, which was extended from the previous four-year term.
Moscow Oblast gubernatorial election of 2013 was held on September 8, 2013 as part of the regional elections, where 9 other oblasts held elections. It was also the same day as the mayoral election in the federal city of Moscow.
Legislative elections were held in Russia from 17 to 19 September 2021. At stake were 450 seats in the 8th convocation of the State Duma, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Going into the elections, United Russia was the ruling party after winning the 2016 elections with 343 of the 450 seats, and retaining a supermajority. In March 2020, it was proposed to hold a snap election in September 2020 due to proposed constitutional reforms, but this idea was abandoned. On 18 June 2021, Vladimir Putin signed a decree calling the election for 19 September the same year. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia, voting in the election lasted for three days, from 17 to 19 September. Final turnout was reported to be 51.72%.
By-elections to the 7th Russian State Duma were held to fill vacancies in the State Duma between the 2016 election and the 2021 election.
Pavel Nikolayevich Grudinin is a Russian politician and businessman. He served as a Municipal Deputy of the city settlement Vidnoye from 1997 to 2011 and Chairman of the Council of Deputies from 2017 to 2019.
Maxim Yevgenyevich Katz is a Russian political and public figure, urban planning activist and co-founder of the Urban Projects Foundation, election campaign strategist, author, and popular YouTuber hosting his own daily political show, Russian champion in sports poker, and former deputy of the municipal assembly of the Moscow district Schukino from Party "Yabloko".
Democratic Choice was a Russian right-wing conservative liberal and national liberal political party, that defended the principles of democratic development of the country. Founded on February 28, 2010, at a conference in Moscow. Registered by the Ministry of Justice as a regional public organization. On September 20, 2012, officially registered by the Ministry of Justice as a political party.
Civic Initiative is a Russian centre-right political party. From 2018 to 2020, it was known as the Party of Changes. The founder of the party is Andrey Nechayev, who served as Minister of Economic Development from 1992 to 1993.
The 2022 Moscow municipal elections took place in Moscow on 9–11 September 2022. Elections took place for deputies of the municipal councils in most of the districts of Moscow, for a total of at least 1,502 seats. Although the post of municipal council member is relatively powerless, candidates for mayor of Moscow are required to obtain support from municipal deputies to stand in elections.
Elections to the Russian Opposition Coordination Council were held on 20–22 October 2012. The Coordination Council was elected for one year; it was planned to hold new elections after this period. Registration of candidates and voters was carried out on the 'cvk2012.org' website. 81325 voters took part in the elections.
