2020 International Criminal Court judges election

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Six judges of the International Criminal Court were elected during the 19th session of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court held from 7 to 17 December 2020 in New York. [1] The judges were elected for terms of nine years and took office on 11 March 2021.

Contents

Background

The judges elected at this session replaced six judges whose terms ended in 2021. Four of those judges had been elected in 2011 for full nine-year terms; the other two had been elected in separate elections in 2013 and in 2015 to replace two judges elected in 2011 who had resigned. The newly elected judges will serve for nine years until 2030.

The election was governed by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Its article 36(8)(a) states that "[t]he States Parties shall, in the selection of judges, take into account the need, within the membership of the Court, for:

Furthermore, article 36(3)(b) and 36(5) provide for two lists:

Each candidate has to belong to exactly one list. A minimum of nine judges elected from list A and five judges elected from list B is to be maintained on the court.

Further rules of election were adopted by a resolution of the Assembly of States Parties in 2004. [2]

Judges remaining in office

The following judges were scheduled to remain in office beyond 2021: [3]

JudgeNationality List A or B Regional criteria Gender
List AList BAfricanAsianE. EuropeanGRULAGWEOGFemaleMale
Reine Alapini-Gansou Flag of Benin.svg  Benin XXX
Solomy Balungi Bossa Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda XXX
Antoine Kesia-Mbe Mindua Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo XXX
Tomoko Akane Flag of Japan.svg  Japan XXX
Chung Chang-ho Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea XXX
Piotr Hofmański Flag of Poland.svg  Poland XXX
Péter Kovács Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary XXX
Luz del Carmen Ibáñez Carranza Flag of Peru.svg  Peru XXX
Rosario Salvatore Aitala Flag of Italy.svg  Italy XXX
Marc Pierre Perrin de Brichambaut Flag of France.svg  France XXX
Kimberly Prost Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada XXX
Bertram Schmitt Flag of Germany.svg  Germany XXX
    
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Nomination process

The nomination period of judges for the 2020 election lasted from 6 January to 30 March 2020. [1] It was first extended to 30 April on an emergency basis due to the COVID-19 pandemic [4] and then extended once more on a regular basis because the required number of Asian and Eastern European candidates had not been nominated. [5] A second Eastern European candidate was nominated during this second extension period, but no further Asian candidates were nominated, and thus the number of Asian candidates remained below the required number. The following persons were nominated: [6]

CandidateNationality List A or B Regional criteria Gender
List AList BAfricanAsianE. EuropeanGRULAGWEOGFemaleMale
Althea Violet Alexis-Windsor Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago XXX
Andrés Bernardo Barreto González Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia XXX
Ishaq Usman Bello Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria XXX
Haykel Ben Mahfoudh Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia XXX
Khosbayar Chagdaa Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia XXX
Jasmina Ćosić Dedović Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina XXX
María del Socorro Flores Liera Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico XXX
Gberdao Gustave Kam  [ nl ]Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso XXX
Joanna Korner Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom XXX
Gocha Lordkipanidze Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia XXX
Laurence Massart  [ fr ]Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium XXX
Prosper Milandou Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo XXX
Ariela Peralta Distéfano Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay XXX
Íñigo Francisco Alberto Salvador Crespo Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador XXX
Miatta Maria Samba Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone XXX
Mônica Jacqueline Sifuentes Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil XXX
Viktor Panagiotis Tsilonis Flag of Greece.svg  Greece XXX
Sergio Gerardo Ugalde Godínez Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica XXX
    
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Minimum voting requirements

Minimum voting requirements governed part of the election. This was to ensure that articles 36(5) and 36(8)(a) cited above were fulfilled. For this election, the following minimum voting requirements applied initially: [7]

CriterionNumber of judges requiredNumber of judges remaining in officeEx ante voting requirementNumber of candidatesAdjusted voting requirementAdjusted voting requirement equals ex ante?
Lists A or B
List A981101Yes
List B54181Yes
Regional criteria
African33050Yes
Asian32110No
Eastern European32121Yes
Latin American and Caribbean31272Yes
Western European and other34030Yes
Gender criteria
Female65181Yes
Male670100Yes

Regarding the List A or B requirement, one vote had to be cast for a List A candidate and one for a List B candidate.

Regarding the regional criteria, three votes had to be cast for certain regional groups: one for an Eastern European candidate and two for Latin American or Caribbean candidates.

Regarding the gender criteria, one vote had to be cast for a female candidate.

Because only one Asian candidate had been nominated, the regional minimum voting requirement for Asian candidates was adjusted to zero before the election pursuant to paragraph 20 (b) of the resolution that governs the elections. [2] [8]

The minimum voting requirements are updated after each ballot to account for the judges already elected. The regional and gender requirements are dropped either if they can no longer be (jointly) fulfilled, or if after four ballots not all seats are filled. The List A or B requirement remains active until a sufficient number of judges has been elected from each list.

Ballots

The ballot results were as follows: [9]

CandidateNationality18 December 202021 December 202022 December 202023 December 2020
1st ballot2nd ballot3rd ballot4th ballot5th ballot6th ballot7th ballot8th ballot
Valid votes cast117110118119123117118118
Two-thirds majority7874798082787979
Joanna Korner Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 85elected
Gocha Lordkipanidze Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 7276elected
Miatta Maria Samba Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone 625783elected
María del Socorro Flores Liera Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 61677887elected
Sergio Gerardo Ugalde Godínez Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica 62667287elected
Althea Violet Alexis-Windsor Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 5548646250627686
Haykel Ben Mahfoudh Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 4239484240384232
Mônica Jacqueline Sifuentes Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 363349331614withdrawn
Viktor Panagiotis Tsilonis Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 141411533withdrawn
Laurence Massart  [ fr ]Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 3233322212withdrawn
Jasmina Ćosić Dedović Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 49401392withdrawn
Khosbayar Chagdaa Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 3316148withdrawn
Íñigo Francisco Alberto Salvador Crespo Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 1814withdrawn
Andrés Bernardo Barreto González Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 2013withdrawn
Ariela Peralta Distéfano Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 1712withdrawn
Gberdao Gustave Kam  [ nl ]Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 197withdrawn
Ishaq Usman Bello Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 125withdrawn
Prosper Milandou Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo 73withdrawn

The minimum voting requirements are imposed on the ballots cast, not on the results. Thus, there is no guarantee that a corresponding number of judges is elected. However, in this election this was the case:

CriterionInitial minimal voting requirementCorresponding number of judges elected?
List A1Yes, after 1st ballot
List B1Yes, after 2nd ballot
Eastern European1Yes, after 2nd ballot
Latin American and Caribbean2Yes, after 4th ballot
Female1Yes, after 1st ballot

Note that these are the initial minimum voting requirements before the first ballot but after adjustment based on the number of candidates. Without that adjustment, there would have been a minimum voting requirement to cast one vote for an Asian candidate; no Asian candidate was elected.

References

  1. 1 2 "ICC-ASP/19/SP/01" (PDF). Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute . 20 December 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  2. 1 2 "Resolution ICC-ASP/3/Res.6" (PDF). Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute . 10 September 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  3. "Annex II – Composition of the Judges" (PDF). Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute . 20 December 2019. p. 14. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  4. "ICC-ASP/19/SP/20" (PDF). Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute . 31 March 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  5. "ICC-ASP/19/SP/30" (PDF). Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute . 1 May 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  6. "2020 Nominations - Election of six judges". Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute . December 18, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  7. "Annex II – Tables of minimum voting requirements" (PDF). Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute . 20 December 2019. p. 13. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  8. "ICC-ASP/19/SP/41" (PDF). Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute . August 6, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  9. "2020 - Election of six judges - Results". Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute . December 23, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2024.