2020 Nobel Prizes

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The 2020 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. [1]

Contents

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, programming for Nobel Week was limited, with some ceremonies and events taking place virtually. [2]

Prizes

Physics

Awardee(s)
Roger Penrose at Festival della Scienza Oct 29 2011 (cropped).jpg Roger Penrose

(b. 1931)

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British"for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity" [3]
Reinhard Genzel.jpg Reinhard Genzel

(b. 1952)

Flag of Germany.svg German"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy"
Andrea Ghez (cropped 3x4).jpg Andrea M. Ghez

(b. 1965)

Flag of the United States.svg American

Chemistry

Awardee(s)
Emmanuelle Charpentier.jpg Emmanuelle Charpentier

(b. 1968)

Flag of France.svg French"for the development of a method for genome editing" [4]
Professor Jennifer Doudna ForMemRS (cropped).jpg Jennifer Doudna

(b. 1964)

Flag of the United States.svg American

Physiology or Medicine

Awardee(s)
Harvey J Alter 2020 (3x4 cropped).jpg Harvey J. Alter

(b. 1935)

Flag of the United States.svg  United States "for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus" [5]
Prof Michael Houghton.jpg Michael Houghton

(b. 1949)

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom
Charles M. Rice (3x4 close cropped).jpg Charles M. Rice

(b. 1952)

Flag of the United States.svg  United States

Literature

Awardee(s)
Louise Gluck circa 1977 (cropped2).jpg Louise Glück

(1943–2023)

Flag of the United States.svg  United States "for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal" [6]

Peace

Awardee(s)
World Food Programme Logo Simple.svg World Food Programme

(founded 1961)

 United Nations "for its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict." [7]

Economic Sciences

Awardee(s)
Paul Milgrom Headshot.jpg Paul Milgrom

(b. 1948)

Flag of the United States.svg  United States "for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats" [8] [8]
Robert B. Wilson

(b. 1937)

Controversies

Chemistry

The Chemistry Prize's awarding to Charpentier and Doudna provoked debates about who "discovered" CRISPR, with some arguing that scientists like Feng Zhang or Virginijus Šikšnys should have been properly credited. [9]

Changes

Each prize's awarding amount increased from 9 million Swedish krona to 10 million. [2]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize</span> Prizes established by Alfred Nobel in 1895

The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died. Prizes were first awarded in 1901 by the Nobel Foundation. Nobel's will indicated that the awards should be granted in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. A sixth prize for Economic Sciences, endowed by Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, and first presented in 1969, is also frequently included, as it is also administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize in Physics</span> One of the five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel

The Nobel Prize in Physics is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</span> One of the five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

The 2024 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. The winners in each category were announced from October 7 to October 14.

The 2022 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. The winners in each category were announced from October 3 to October 10.

The 2021 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

The 2019 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

The 2018 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

The 2017 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

The 2015 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

The 2014 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

The 2013 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

The 2010 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

The 2006 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.

References

  1. ↑ "All Nobel Prizes 2020". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-09.
  2. 1 2 "2020 Nobel Prize Winners: Full List". The New York Times .
  3. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 4 May 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  4. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  5. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  6. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2020". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  7. ↑ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2020". NobelPrize.org. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
  8. 1 2 "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2020". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2020-10-12. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  9. ↑ Chamary, J. V. "These Scientists Deserved A Nobel Prize, But Didn't Discover Crispr". Forbes. Retrieved 2024-12-09.
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