2024 Houston derecho

Last updated

2024 Houston derecho
Houston derecho high rise building damage.jpg
Windows blown out of CenterPoint Energy Plaza in Houston
Date(s)May 16, 2024 [1]
Peak wind gust  (measured)78 mph (126 km/h; 34.9 m/s)(Highlands, Texas) [2]
Peak wind gust (est.)100 mph (161 km/h; 44.7 m/s)(Houston, Texas)
Tornado count4(Texas, Louisiana) [3]
Fatalities8 [4]
Damage costs$1.2 billion (2024 USD) [5]
Areas affected Southeast Texas, Louisiana, Southern Mississippi, Southern Alabama, Florida [6]
Severest impact  Greater Houston

From the evening of May 16, 2024, to midday May 17, 2024, a derecho struck the Gulf Coast of the United States from Southeast Texas to Florida, causing widespread damage, particularly in the city of Houston and surrounding metropolitan area. [7] At least seven people were killed by the storms, dubbed the Houston derecho by the National Weather Service, [7] which brought winds up to 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) along with four tornadoes. [8] [9] [10]

Contents

Meteorological synopsis

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook for May 16, 2024, issued at 2000Z, indicating an enhanced risk for severe weather from southeast Texas into southwest Louisiana. May 16, 2024 2000Z Storm Prediction Center Day 1 Convective Outlook.gif
SPC's Day 1 convective outlook for May 16, 2024, issued at 2000Z, indicating an enhanced risk for severe weather from southeast Texas into southwest Louisiana.

On May 14, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) outlined a level 2/Slight risk for severe weather across portions of central and northern Texas. [11] This risk area was zonally extended westward to the Texas–New Mexico border and eastward into southern Mississippi the following day. [12] By the morning of May 16, a level 3/Enhanced risk was delineated across central Texas, extending southward and eastward toward the Texas and Louisiana gulf coasts during the afternoon hours. [13] [14] Convective activity was already ongoing by the time of these outlooks, focused along and north of an outflow boundary from Midland into northeastern Texas. [15] The environment south of these storms was characterized by rich low-level moisture and rapidly cooling temperatures with height, contributing to mixed-layer convective available potential energy values at or above 3,000 J/kg, indicative of a very unstable environment. [14] Farther east across southeastern Texas and southwestern Louisiana, a greater surge of moisture began to advect with a northward-moving warm front bringing dewpoints as high as the upper-70s °F into the coastal counties. Forecasters believed that not only would thunderstorms develop along the frontal boundary, but also that the front may act to intensify the pre-existing line of storms approaching from the west. [16]

By mid-afternoon, an expansive mesoscale convective system evolved across much of central and eastern Texas, exhibiting numerous updrafts and an increasing potential for extensive damaging winds. [17] As this complex surged southeastward, it evolved into a derecho—a particularly long-lived and widespread damaging wind event—as it moved into the Greater Houston metropolitan area. While the highest wind gust recorded by an anemometer reached 78 mph (126 km/h), post-storm damage surveys conducted by the local National Weather Service office estimated that winds reaching 100 mph (160 km/h) moved through portions of the downtown area. [18] Three EF1 tornadoes accompanied this activity. [19] The derecho maintained vigor as it continued eastward into Louisiana during the evening hours, fueled by continued transport of warm air from the south. [20] Isolated hurricane-force wind gusts were recorded, including an 84 mph (135 km/h) gust at the New Orleans Lakefront Airport. Another EF1 tornado was confirmed in Romeville. [21] By the pre-dawn hours of May 17, this convective line progressed offshore into the Gulf of Mexico, with instability confined to the immediate coastline. As such, the threat of inland severe weather decreased, [22] leaving behind widespread damaging wind reports across portions of the Gulf Coast states. [23]

Impact and damage

Texas

Greater Houston

Straight-line wind damage inflicted transmission towers in Houston, Texas. Houston derecho collapsed transmission towers damage.jpg
Straight-line wind damage inflicted transmission towers in Houston, Texas.

As the derecho moved through the Greater Houston area, it produced wind gusts of up to 100 mph (161 km/h) in Downtown Houston. [2] The derecho was considered the worst damaging wind event to affect Houston in nearly 25 years. The strong winds in Downtown Houston blew out the windows of many high-rise buildings in the area, littering the streets below with broken glass. A brick building occupied by a bar near the intersection of Congress Street and Travis Street suffered the collapse of a wall. [24] The derecho caused extensive damage to transmission lines along with widespread straight-line damage and more than a million customers lost power in the Greater Houston area and nearby counties as a result of the high winds. [25] More than 24 hours later, almost 555,000 customers still remained without power, [26] and by Wednesday of the following week, when repairs were initially expected to be finished, nearly 60,000 homes, businesses, and schools in the worst hit areas of the city were still without power. [27]

Seven people were confirmed to have died in Greater Houston as a result of the storm; [28] the number of deaths was later revised to eight. [4]

Elsewhere in Texas

Elsewhere in Texas outside of Houston, much of east Texas experienced floods. [29]

Louisiana

In the Baton Rouge, Louisiana area, numerous trees and power lines were downed, some of which landed on homes and cars. However, no injuries were reported. [30] As the derecho moved into the New Orleans area, it produced winds of more than 80 mph (128 km/h). Tornado warnings were issued in St. John the Baptist and St. Charles parishes as the storms passed through. The strong winds overturned three mobile homes at the New Orleans RV Resort and Marina, resulting in the hospitalization of four people. [31] Small aircraft and equipment at the Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport were damaged. [32] Minor street flooding and downed trees were reported in Covington. Downed trees blocked a lane of US 90 near Live Oak, leaving only a single lane passable to traffic. [33] More than 65,000 customers lost power in Southeast Louisiana as a result of the high winds. [34]

Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFUEF0EF1EF2EF3EF4EF5Total
00400004

May 16 event

List of confirmed tornadoes – Thursday, May 16, 2024 [lower-alpha 1]
EF# LocationCounty / ParishStateStart Coord.Time (UTC)Path lengthMax width
EF1SW of Waller Waller TX 29°59′20″N95°59′41″W / 29.989°N 95.9947°W / 29.989; -95.9947 (Waller (May 16, EF1)) 22:44–22:450.71 mi (1.14 km)100 yd (91 m)
A large metal barn was destroyed, with debris tossed 1,000 yd (910 m). Trailers were rolled, and trees were downed. [35]
EF1Southern Cypress (1st tornado) Harris TX 29°55′39″N95°44′40″W / 29.9274°N 95.7444°W / 29.9274; -95.7444 (Cypress #1 (May 16, EF1)) 23:04–23:050.58 mi (0.93 km)75 yd (69 m)
A high-end EF1 severely damaged three houses. [36]
EF1Southern Cypress (2nd tornado) Harris TX 29°55′24″N95°42′07″W / 29.9232°N 95.7019°W / 29.9232; -95.7019 (Cypress #2 (May 16, EF1)) 23:08–23:101.44 mi (2.32 km)100 yd (91 m)
Numerous homes sustained roof damage and broken windows. Damage was also noted at the Lone Star College-CyFair campus. [37]
EF1 Romeville St. James LA 30°04′N90°53′W / 30.07°N 90.89°W / 30.07; -90.89 (Romeville (May 16, EF1)) 03:46–03:524.83 mi (7.77 km)120 yd (110 m)
A tornado moved through Romeville, damaging the roofs of several frame houses and manufactured homes, snapping power poles, and snapping trees. [38]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornado outbreak sequence of April 4–7, 2022</span> Tornadoes in the Southeastern U.S.

From April 4–5, 2022, a mesoscale convective system and numerous discrete supercells produced a swath of severe weather and several tornadoes in the Southeastern United States, including several strong, long tracked tornadoes. An EF3 tornado damaged or destroyed several homes in Bonaire, Georgia while a large EF3 tornado prompted a tornado emergency for Allendale and Sycamore, South Carolina. A violent EF4 tornado in Black Creek, Georgia resulted in one fatality as it destroyed several neighborhoods, and another large EF3 tornado caused widespread heavy tree damage northeast of Ulmer, South Carolina. More severe storms occurred across a large portion of the Southeast ahead of a cold front on April 6–7, with more tornadoes reported in South and Central Georgia and further south into Florida, all of which were weak. Along with the one tornadic death, trees felled by straight-line winds killed one person each in Louisiana and Texas.

Tornado outbreak of November 4–5, 2022 Late-season tornado outbreak in the Southern United States

A significant late-season tornado outbreak took place on November 4, 2022, across Northeast Texas, southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and northwestern Louisiana with multiple large, destructive tornadoes occurring over a span of several hours. Major damage was reported in Sulphur Springs, Powderly, Caviness, Paris, Cason, Daingerfield, Athens, New Boston, Texas, and Idabel, Oklahoma, with the latter two communities being placed under tornado emergencies. Two fatalities occurred in Cason, Texas, and Pickens, Oklahoma respectively. Numerous PDS tornado warnings were issued as well. An additional tornado embedded within a narrow, but intense line of showers with damaging winds was also confirmed in Illinois the following morning as the system progressed eastward. Strong winds affected most of the western Great Lakes throughout the day before moving into Canada that evening. Two fatalities and at least 34 injuries were confirmed from tornadoes, and an additional fatality occurred near Stilwell, Oklahoma from drowning.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornado outbreak of December 12–15, 2022</span> Late-season tornado outbreak in the Southern United States

A four-day tornado outbreak affected the Central and Southern United States in mid-December 2022. The outbreak produced strong tornadoes in Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia, resulting in severe damage and three fatalities. On December 13, a high-end EF1 tornado was caught on video from multiple angles as it caused considerable damage in Grapevine, Texas, where five people were injured, and multiple EF2 tornadoes caused significant damage in other parts of Texas and Oklahoma that morning. Two large EF2 tornadoes occurred near DeBerry, Texas and Keachi, Louisiana to the southwest of Shreveport, Louisiana, with the second one causing severe damage and two fatalities. An EF3 tornado struck the northern fringes of Farmerville, causing major structural damage and 14 injuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornado outbreak and derecho of April 1–3, 2024</span> Tornado outbreak that impacted the U.S. in April 2024

From April 1 to 3, 2024, a significant tornado outbreak, which also included a derecho, affected much of the Midwestern and Southeastern United States. The National Weather Service issued dozens of severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings across West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Oklahoma, Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri during the event. A total of 32 million people were estimated to be under watches or warnings, and over 150,000 people were estimated to be without power. and 15 people were injured. The event was given an outbreak intensity score of 28 points, ranking it as a significant tornado outbreak, and five people were killed by non-tornadic events as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornado outbreak sequence of May 19–27, 2024</span> Tornado outbreak sequence in the United States

A multi-day period of significant tornado activity along with significant derechos occurred across the Midwestern United States and the Mississippi Valley as well as an additional tornado in the Canadian province of Quebec. From May 19–27, 2024, two derechos occurred and tornadoes were reported across large portions of the Central United States, with multiple Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) watches issued across the sequence. On May 19, strong tornadoes occurred with isolated supercells in Colorado and Oklahoma while a derecho produced widespread wind damage and weak tornadoes across Kansas into the early morning hours of May 20. Limited tornadic activity took place on May 20, but another outbreak along with widespread damage struck mainly Iowa and Wisconsin on May 21. Five fatalities were confirmed with a large, violent, long-tracked EF4 tornado that went through Greenfield, Iowa. Scattered to widespread severe weather and tornadoes occurred over the next two days, including an EF2 tornado that injured 30 people on the west side of Temple, Texas. Another derecho formed in southwestern Nebraska late on May 23 and moved eastward, producing widespread wind damage and weak tornadoes through Nebraska and Iowa and northwestern Illinois before withering away in the northern part of the state during the morning hours of May 24.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Severe weather sequence of July 13–16, 2024</span> Wind, tornado, and flooding event in mid-July 2024

Starting on the evening of July 13 and extending through July 16, 2024, an intense sequence of severe weather outbreaks affected much of the Midwestern and Northeastern United States. This included two significant derechoes that each had wind gusts exceeding 100 mph (160 km/h), as well as multiple tornado outbreaks that produced a combined 90 tornadoes across the affected areas. A ring of fire pattern fueled multiple systems that brought heavy rain and a tornado outbreak to northern Illinois, contributing to a partial dam failure in Washington County, Illinois, and multiple events of 90 mph (140 km/h) wind gusts. The sequence as a whole killed five people and injured three more.

References

  1. ↑ Monica Danielle (May 17, 2024), Houston storms leave 4 dead, buildings shattered and power outages may last weeks, AccuWeather, retrieved May 18, 2024
  2. 1 2 Wulfeck, Andrew; Sistek, Scott (May 16, 2024). "Houston metro rocked by 100 mph derecho that left 7 dead and over 1 million without power". Fox Weather . Retrieved May 18, 2024.
  3. ↑ "EF-1 tornado confirmed near Cypress, another tornado strikes SW region of Waller Co., NWS says", abc13.com, KTRK-TV ABC 13, May 17, 2024, retrieved May 18, 2024
  4. 1 2 deGrood, Matt (May 20, 2024). "Death toll from Houston severe weather rises to 8, HFD confirms". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
  5. ↑ National Centers for Environmental Information (April 2024). "U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" (Press release). Events. Asheville, North Carolina, United States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on April 15, 2024. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
  6. ↑ @NbergWX (May 17, 2024), "Some big weather news today, the historic severe storm that started in Texas and ended in central Florida Thursday evening into Friday midday has now been designated a "derecho" wind storm. Early damage estimates are several BILLION dollars just in Houston, Texas alone. It started in Texas and ended in Florida, but the majority of the damage was in Texas, Louisiana, and the Florida Panhandle. I also plotted the Severe Storm Warnings that occurred and each icon a severe wind report." , retrieved May 18, 2024– via Twitter
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  13. ↑ Brynn Kerr; Brian Squitieri (May 16, 2024). "May 16, 2024 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
  14. 1 2 Rich Thompson; Emily Thornton (May 16, 2024). "May 16, 2024 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
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  18. ↑ "Houston metro rocked by 100 mph derecho that left 7 dead and over 1 million without power". Fox Weather. May 17, 2024. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
  19. ↑ Roberto Villalpando (May 18, 2024). "2 Houston tornadoes on Thursday each lasted only a minute but packed 100 to 110 mph winds". Houston Chronicle . Retrieved May 18, 2024.
  20. ↑ Mark Darrow (May 16, 2024). "Mesoscale Discussion 810". Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
  21. ↑ David Mitchell (May 17, 2024). "Tornado with 105 mph winds confirmed in south Louisiana parish during Thursday night storm". The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate . Retrieved May 18, 2024.
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  26. ↑ "Widespread power outages from deadly Houston storm raise new risk: hot weather". AP News. May 18, 2024. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
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  29. ↑ Wolfe, Joe Sutton, Elizabeth (May 16, 2024). "At least 4 deaths in Houston, official says, as storms bring 'life-threatening' flood risk to Texas and Louisiana". CNN. Retrieved May 20, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ↑ PHOTOS AND VIDEOS: Storm damage reported in BR, other areas, WAFB, May 17, 2024, retrieved May 18, 2024
  31. ↑ Michelle Hunter (May 17, 2024), "'A big hit.' Storm system that hit Houston brought 80 mph winds to New Orleans area", NOLA.com, retrieved May 18, 2024
  32. ↑ Erin Lowrey (May 17, 2024), New Orleans International Airport reports storm damage, WSDU, retrieved May 18, 2024
  33. ↑ Erin Lowrey (May 17, 2024), Louisiana parish-by-parish storm damage updates, WDSU, retrieved May 18, 2023
  34. ↑ Severe weather strikes Southeast Louisiana, leaving thousands without power; closing schools, FOX 8, May 17, 2024, retrieved May 18, 2024
  35. ↑ National Weather Service in Houston, Texas (2024). Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
  36. ↑ National Weather Service in Houston, Texas (2024). Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
  37. ↑ National Weather Service in Houston, Texas (2024). Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
  38. ↑ National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2024). Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved August 19, 2024.
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