2025 Israeli operation in the West Bank

Last updated

Contents

Iron Wall
חומת ברזל
Part of the Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Gaza war, the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) and the Palestinian Authority–West Bank militias conflict
Date21 January 2025 – present
Location
West Bank, Palestine
Status Ongoing
Belligerents

Flag of Israel.svg  Israel

Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestinian Authority 		InfoboxPIJ.svg  Palestinian Islamic Jihad
Infobox al-Aqsa.png  Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades
Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg  Hamas
Supported by:
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran [1] [2]
Units involved
List of Israeli units:
Casualties and losses

4 Israeli soldiers killed, 24 Israeli soldiers injured [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]
Per the Jenin Brigades:
1 vehicle destroyed [19] [20] [5]

Per the PA:
Several security services personnel killed (by the IDF) [b] 		Per the IDF:
Over 60 militants killed [21] [22] [23]
380+ arrested [c]
40,000 Palestinians displaced [d]
7+ Palestinian civilians killed and 4 Palestinian civilians injured [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30]

On 21 January 2025, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) began a large-scale military operation, which it named "Iron Wall" [e] , [31] [32] [33] against Palestinian militants in the Israeli-occupied West Bank. Described as an invasion by the Associated Press, [34] Israel's operation initially only targeted the Jenin Brigades, a local Palestinian militia in Jenin. [35] On the fourth day, the IDF expanded its activities to Tulkarm and other Palestinian cities and towns. It marks a strategically distinct and more aggressive approach against West Bank militancy compared to previous Israeli raids, [36] [37] and also marks the first time that the Palestinian Authority (PA) [f] directly participated in an Israeli military operation. [10] [38]

Furthermore, the fighting marks a shift in Israeli military focus towards the West Bank and away from the Gaza Strip, where a ceasefire that halted the Gaza war was implemented on 19 January 2025. [3] The IDF has stated that the aims of the operation are to preserve its "freedom of action” in the West Bank, to neutralize militant infrastructure, and to eliminate imminent threats. [39] [40]

Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the operation is an action against the "Iranian axis", referring to the Iranian support of West Bank militants, and Israeli far-right finance minister Bezalel Smotrich said it marks the start of a campaign to protect Israeli settlements in the occupied region. [1] Israeli defense minister Israel Katz said it marks a shift in the IDF's security plan in the West Bank and was “the first lesson from the method of repeated raids in Gaza”, [41] later clarifying that Israeli forces planned to maintain a long-term military presence in Jenin beyond the raid's conclusion. [42]

Background

The Israeli operation followed several related developments in the region. On 19 January, the Gaza war ceasefire was implemented, halting fighting in the Gaza Strip. On 20 January, American president Donald Trump was inaugurated for the second time and later issued an executive order rescinding sanctions against some Israeli settlers and settler groups accused of anti-Palestinian violence in the West Bank. That same day, a mob of Israeli settlers raided several Palestinian towns in protest against the Gaza ceasefire, until being dispersed by the IDF. [43]

PA operation in Jenin

In Jenin specifically, the security services of the PA had been conducting an operation against the Jenin Brigades since December 2024. Both sides signed a truce on 17 January 2025, but the deal fell through and fighting resumed two days later. [44] [45] [46] The IDF initiated its raid due to the PA's operation eventually being deemed insufficient, according to The Jerusalem Post. [40]

Timeline

21 January

The raid began with drone strikes on militant infrastructure, and large numbers of IDF troops, including special forces, as well as Shin Bet agents and Border Police officers were deployed into Jenin. [39] Palestinian sources also reported the participation of Israeli warplanes and armored vehicles, including bulldozers. [24]

Palestinian Authority forces withdrew from their positions in Jenin as the IDF entered the city. [35] [1] [47] According to the PA, the Israeli operation caught them by surprise and members of its forces were killed by Israeli fire. [36] [47] According to Israel, however, the PA was informed of the decision to enter Jenin beforehand, and PA forces withdrew to allow the IDF to proceed with their raid. [48]

The IDF encircled Al-Amal, a local private hospital. [43]

22 January

According to the mayor of Jenin, Israeli forces released as many as 600 people that had been detained overnight inside the Jenin Governmental Hospital. [49]

Palestinian Authority forces stormed the Al-Razi hospital and arrested a man said to be a Jenin Brigades militant, marking the first ever time that PA forces have participated in an Israeli raid in the West Bank. [10]

In Burqin, near Jenin, Israeli forces killed two militants that had carried out an attack against Israelis earlier in the month. [50]

23 January

Hundreds of Palestinians from the Jenin camp began leaving their homes after Israeli forces issued an evacuation order. [51]

PA forces arrested the Al Jazeera journalist Mohammed al-Atrash, who was attempting to cover the Israeli raid on Jenin. [52]

24 January

Israeli forces blocked four main entrances to Jenin with earth mounds, preventing entry and exit, and set fire to residences in the Jenin refugee camp. In Yabad, west of Jenin, PA forces arrested and beat up a number of militants. [38]

Joint Israeli–PA raids were reported in Tulkarm, Ramallah, Hebron and Qalqilya. [38]

26 January

The IDF reported it had destroyed a bomb-making laboratory in Jenin. [53]

27 January

The Iron Wall operation officially expanded to Tulkarm Governorate. [54] [33] The Israeli Air Force struck and killed Tulkarm's local Hamas commander and another militant in the Nur Shams refugee camp, and fighting broke out in Tulkarm between militants and Israeli forces on the ground. [54]

29 January

Israeli defense minister Israel Katz said that Israeli forces planned to remain in Jenin indefinitely, even after the operation is concluded. This would mark the first time since the Second Intifada that Israeli forces are stationed in a Palestinian city for an extended period of time. [42]

1 February

Israeli forces raided Nablus and the adjacent Balata refugee camp. [55]

2 February

The IDF conducted a series of massive detonations in Jenin, stating it destroyed 23 buildings being used as "militant infrastructure". [56] [57]

Israeli forces expanded their operation into Tammun, closing the main road in the town. [58] [59]

3 February

The governor of Tulkarm Governorate, Abdullah Kamil, reported that half of the population of Tulkarm fled and that hospitals and residences were being attacked by Israeli forces. [60]

4 February

A Palestinian gunman attacked an Israeli checkpoint in the village of Tayasir, north of Tubas, killing two IDF soldiers and wounding another eight. [18] [61]

PA forces clashed with militants in eastern Jenin. [62]

9 February

Israeli forces surrounded and attacked the Nur Shams camp. [63] The Tulkarm Brigade said it successfully ambushed a group of IDF soldiers inside the camp. [64]

18 February

Israeli forces demolished more than a dozen apartment buildings inside the Tulkarm refugee camp. [65]

20 February

Three empty Israeli buses exploded in Bat Yam, south of Tel Aviv; no one was harmed. Israeli police commander Haim Sargarof said the devices used to set off the blasts were similar to those used by West Bank militants. One of the unexploded mechanisms carried a message saying "Revenge from Tulkarm"; the Tulkarm Brigade released a statement that said "Revenge for the martyrs will not be forgotten as long as the occupier sits on our land", but did not explicitly claim responsibility for the attack. [66] The Shin Bet said that the attack was directed by Iran and carried out by Hamas. [67]

21 February

Following the bus bombings, Netanyahu ordered an intensification of the operation in the West Bank, and the IDF said it would deploy three more battalions to the region. [68]

23 February

The IDF deployed three Merkava tanks from the 188th Armored Brigade to Jenin, marking the first time since Operation Defensive Shield that Israeli tanks operated in the West Bank. [69]

Humanitarian impact and human rights violations

The scale of destruction during the Israeli operation has been compared to that of the Gaza Strip. [36] [33] [70] [71] [72] According to historians and researchers, the operation also marks the biggest displacement of civilians in the West Bank since the Six-Day War in 1967, with around 40,000 Palestinians displaced. [73] Jenin has become mostly deserted, [70] and thousands of Palestinians have been displaced from Tulkarm. [8] The IDF has demolished dozens of homes in Jenin, Tulkarm, and Nablus, and leveled entire residential blocks. [71] In Jenin, Israeli forces destroyed water reserve tanks, and destroyed around 180 homes, including two belonging to the Palestinian Christian minority. [74]

Israeli and Palestinian Authority forces have besieged and stormed multiple hospitals. [43] [49] [10] According to a report published by Doctors Without Borders on 6 February 2025, access to healthcare in the occupied West Bank has been severely hindered by a widespread network of Israeli checkpoints and roadblocks, which impede the movement of ambulances and emergency medical teams. [75]

Civilian killings by Israeli forces have included the killing of a man and his pregnant wife near Tulkarm, a young woman in Nur Shams camp, and a seven-year-old boy in the Tulkarm refugee camp. According to Yaniv Kubovich of Haaretz , sources from inside the IDF reported that expanded open-fire orders from the Central Command have made soldiers on the ground "trigger-happy". [76]

Reactions

Analysis

IDF reservist Colonel Michael Milshtein, head of the Palestinian Studies Forum at the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies at Tel Aviv University, said that the events in Jenin are just another example of the typical IDF raid in the West Bank that lasts several days and ends with a withdrawal. Milshtein argues this type of raid has become repeated and ineffective, only merely damaging militant infrastructure, and that a similar outcome in Jenin can be expected. [82] This was before Defense Minister Katz's announcement of a change in raid strategy.

On 28 January 2025, a Haaretz article by Yaniv Kubovich claimed that the Jenin Brigades (referred to as "the Hamas battalion in the refugee camp") do not actually exist, and are an Israeli invention for the purposes of linking the Jenin raid to the Gaza war. The article states that the only so-called militants in Jenin are "young criminals who... had been getting a few hundred dollars to shoot at IDF forces", and cites the unidentified commander of the Menashe Brigade who admitted there was not really a "battalion". [20] This claim would stand in contrast to the multiple mentions of the Jenin Brigades in various sources since its foundation in 2021. [83] [84] [85] [86] [87]

Dalia Hatuqa, writing for Politico , said that many Palestinians believe the operation is a way for Israelis to continue to take revenge on the Palestinian population for the 7 October attacks, despite the Gaza ceasefire. [72]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Most of the armed units in the West Bank are semi-autonomous and "cross-factional", unifying militants belonging to the Al-Quds Brigades of PIJ, the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, and the Al-Qassam Brigades of Hamas.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000010-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-00000011-QINU`"'
  2. ↑ While Israel claims its operation was launched with the knowledge and coordination of the PA,'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"' the PA claims the operation caught them by surprise and that members of their security services were killed by the IDF.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001F-QINU`"' Nonetheless, a day after the IDF operation began, PA forces began fighting militants alongside the IDF.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"'
  3. ↑ As of February 4, 2025'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"'
  4. ↑ Israel said it will not allow them to return.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000029-QINU`"'
  5. ↑ Hebrew: חומת ברזל
  6. ↑ The PA autonomously governs the West Bank's Palestinian enclaves and is also in conflict with local militias.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Israel launches 'significant' military operation in West Bank, at least eight Palestinians killed". Reuters. 21 January 2025.
  2. ↑ "Why Is Israel Targeting Jenin, in the West Bank?". The New York Times. 2025-01-25.
  3. 1 2 3 Ben Kimon, Elisha (2025-01-24). "'Cant defeat terror with defense': West Bank OP commanders say". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2025-01-24.
  4. ↑ "IDF: Three soldiers wounded, one seriously, in ongoing counter-terrorism operation in Jenin area". The Times of Israel. 25 January 2025.
  5. 1 2 "IDF: IDF says troops killed Palestinian gunman near West Bank's Tulkarem; soldier injured". The Times of Israel. 12 February 2025.
  6. ↑ "Soldier killed in Jenin gunbattle amid West Bank crackdown". The Times of Israel. 30 January 2025.
  7. ↑ "IDF arrests 25 terrorists in West Bank counterterrorism operation". The Jerusalem Post. 6 February 2025.
  8. 1 2 Shezaf, Hagar (5 February 2025). "Civilian Displacement and Prolonged Israeli Army Presence Distinguish This West Bank Operation". Haaretz.
  9. ↑ "A wave of settler violence is sweeping across the West Bank". The New Arab. 13 February 2025.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "Israeli army and Palestinian Authority besiege and raid Jenin hospitals". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  11. ↑ "Iran Update, January 22, 2025". Institute for the Study of War. 2025-01-22.
  12. ↑ "الاحتلال يقتحم بلدات بالضفة ومسيراته تلقي قنابل على المنازل بجنين". Al Jazeera (in Arabic). Retrieved 2025-02-07.
  13. ↑ "قنابل إسرائيلية على جنين والمقاومة تستهدف الاحتلال في نابلس". الجزيرة نت (in Arabic). Retrieved 2025-02-25.
  14. ↑ "IDF says troops killed Palestinian gunman near West Bank's Tulkarem; soldier injured". The Times of Israel. 12 February 2025. Retrieved 12 February 2025.
  15. ↑ "Soldier killed in Jenin gunbattle amid West Bank crackdown". The Times of Israel. 30 January 2025.
  16. ↑ "IDF: Three soldiers wounded, one seriously, in ongoing counter-terrorism operation in Jenin area". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2025-01-25.
  17. ↑ "IDF says Palestinian gunmen behind deadly al-Funduq terror attack killed near Jenin". The Times of Israel . Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  18. 1 2 "Palestinian gunman kills Israeli soldiers as UN warns over W Bank operation". BBC. 2025-02-04. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
  19. ↑ "Palestinian fighters use explosives against Israeli forces in Jenin". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2025-01-24.
  20. 1 2 Kubovich, Yaniv (28 January 2025). "To Prove It's Different This Time, IDF Rebrands Jenin's 'Armed Thugs' as Hamas Battalion". Haaretz.
  21. ↑ "IDF says over 60 terror operatives killed, 210 detained amid ongoing West Bank counter-terror op". The Times of Israel. 13 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
  22. ↑ "IDF: 55 terrorists killed, 380 arrested in month of West Bank operations". The Jerusalem Post. 4 February 2025.
  23. ↑ "Israel claims to have killed over 60 fighters in three weeks in West Bank". Al Jazeera. 13 February 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
  24. 1 2 3 "As fighting in Gaza stops, Israel launches major military campaign in West Bank". CNN. 2025-01-21. Retrieved 2025-01-21.
  25. ↑ "Pregnant woman's fetus also killed by Israeli forces in Nur Shams camp: Ministry". Al Jazeera. 8 February 2025. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
  26. ↑ "PA officials say pregnant Palestinian woman shot, killed in West Bank; IDF looking into reports". The Times of Israel. 8 February 2025. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
  27. ↑ "Palestinian child dies after being shot in the head during Israeli raid". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2025-01-25.
  28. ↑ "Israeli forces bomb Jenin camp, besiege Tulkarem hospital". Al Jazeera . 31 January 2025.
  29. ↑ "Palestinians say elderly man killed during IDF operation in northern West Bank". The Times of Israel. 2 February 2025.
  30. ↑ "Ten-year-old Palestinian dies after being shot by Israeli soldier in Tulkarem". Al Jazeera. 7 February 2025.
  31. ↑ Tondo, Lorenzo (2025-01-21). "Israeli security forces launch operation in West Bank city of Jenin". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2025-02-10.
  32. ↑ Cordall, Simon Speakman. "What is Israel's deadly 'Iron Wall' military raid in the West Bank's Jenin?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
  33. 1 2 3 "Israeli army operation in West Bank's Tulkarm 'like a smaller-scale Gaza'". France 24. 2025-02-03. Retrieved 2025-02-03.
  34. ↑ "Tens of thousands of Palestinians seek shelter after Israeli assaults across the West Bank". AP News. 2025-02-28. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
  35. 1 2 "Israel launches major offensive in Jenin days after Gaza ceasefire". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2025-01-21.
  36. 1 2 3 Walker, Marcus. "Demolitions in Jenin Signal Israel's New Approach in the West Bank" . WSJ. Retrieved 2025-02-03.
  37. ↑ "The World Needs a 'Day After' Plan — for the West Bank". The Algemeiner. 2025-02-07. Retrieved 2025-02-07.
  38. 1 2 3 "Israeli forces 'block entrances to Jenin' as deadly raid enters fourth day". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2025-01-24.
  39. 1 2 Fabian, Emanuel (21 January 2025). "IDF says Jenin operation expected to last several days". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2025-01-21.
  40. 1 2 "IDF launches Operation Iron Wall against Palestinian terror in Jenin as PA exits". The Jerusalem Post. 2025-01-21. Retrieved 2025-01-21.
  41. ↑ "Israeli army applies 'lessons' learned in Gaza as it continues West Bank offensive". NBC News. 2025-01-23. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  42. 1 2 "Katz: IDF to remain in Jenin even after operation". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2025-01-29. Retrieved 2025-01-29.
  43. 1 2 3 Kershner, Isabel; AbdulKarim, Fatima (2025-01-21). "Israel Embarks on an 'Extensive' Military Operation in the West Bank". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2025-01-21.
  44. ↑ "PA makes deal with Jenin Battalion, ending standoff in northern West Bank city and camp". The Times of Israel . Retrieved 2025-01-18.
  45. ↑ "Two days into West Bank truce, Jenin terror groups open fire on PA forces". The Times of Israel. 2025-01-19. Retrieved 2025-01-19.
  46. ↑ "Iran Update, January 19, 2025". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
  47. 1 2 "Israel launches massive Jenin operation to root out terrorists". i24NEWS. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 2025-01-21.
  48. ↑ "Israel alerted PA about Jenin operation, prompting security forces' withdrawal: media reports". Middle East Monitor. 2025-01-22. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  49. 1 2 Jakes, Lara; AbdulKarim, Fatima; Yazbek, Hiba (2025-01-22). "Israeli Raids in West Bank Focus on Jenin, Long a Resistance Hub". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  50. ↑ "Israel's security chief says focus switching to West Bank". BBC. 2025-01-23. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  51. 1 2 "Deadly Israeli raid on Jenin continues as two more Palestinians killed". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  52. ↑ "PA arrests Al Jazeera reporter in Jenin - report". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2025-01-23. Retrieved 2025-01-24.
  53. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel (26 January 2025). "IDF says troops destroyed bomb-making lab in West Bank's Jenin". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2025-01-26.
  54. 1 2 "Iran Update, January 27, 2025". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 2025-02-03.
  55. ↑ "العدو الصهيوني يقتحم مدينة نابلس ويداهم منزل أسير فلسطيني في بيتا". www.saba.ye (in Arabic). 2025-02-01. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  56. ↑ "Israel destroys neighbourhood in Jenin refugee camp, damaging hospital". Middle East Eye. 2 February 2025.
  57. ↑ "Israeli military says 50 killed in weeks-long West Bank operation". France 24. 2025-02-02. Retrieved 2025-02-03.
  58. ↑ Kimon, Elisha Ben (2025-02-02). "Israeli forces push into another West Bank terrorist stronghold". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2025-02-03.
  59. ↑ "Gaza ceasefire phase 2 'unclear' as Israel withholds delegation". The New Arab. 3 February 2025.
  60. ↑ Kimon, Elisha Ben; Halabi, Einav (2025-02-03). "IDF expands West Bank counter-terror operation, residents flee". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2025-02-03.
  61. ↑ "Palestinian man, 2 Israeli soldiers killed in West Bank attack". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
  62. ↑ "أجهزة أمن السلطة تعتقل مقاومين من طولكرم وجنين وطوباس". Quds News Network (in Arabic). 2025-02-04. Retrieved 2025-02-09.
  63. ↑ "الاحتلال يحاصر مخيم نور شمس وسط انفجارات وإطلاق نار". Al Jazeera (in Arabic). Retrieved 2025-02-09.
  64. ↑ "Palestinian resistance ambushes enemy forces in Nur Shams refugee camp". www.saba.ye. 2025-02-09. Retrieved 2025-02-09.
  65. ↑ "Israel demolishes West Bank apartment buildings as military campaign displaces tens of thousands of Palestinians". CNN. 2025-02-19. Retrieved 2025-02-20.
  66. ↑ "Three buses explode in Israel in 'suspected terror attack', police say". BBC News . 20 February 2025. Retrieved 20 February 2025.
  67. ↑ "Iran believed to be behind central Israel bus bombings, initial security assessment finds". The Jerusalem Post. 2025-02-20. Retrieved 2025-02-21.
  68. ↑ "Netanyahu orders West Bank military operation after Israel bus blasts". CNN. 2025-02-21. Retrieved 2025-02-21.
  69. ↑ Fabian, Emanuel. "IDF deploys tanks in West Bank for first time since 2002, sending 3 to Jenin as it expands op". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2025-02-23.
  70. 1 2 "Israeli military operation turns Jenin refugee camp into 'ghost town'". Reuters. 4 February 2025.
  71. 1 2 "Photos: Israeli raids forcibly displace 26,000 Palestinians in West Bank". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  72. 1 2 Hatuqa, Dalia (2025-02-09). "The 'Gaza-ification' of the West Bank". POLITICO. Retrieved 2025-02-09.
  73. ↑ AbdulKarim, Fatima; Kingsley, Patrick (2025-02-17). "Palestinian Displacement in the West Bank Is Highest Since 1967, Experts Say". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2025-02-17.
  74. ↑ "Fr. Jubran: Jenin residents remain barricaded at home in West Bank city". Vatican News. 2025-02-06. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  75. ↑ "West Bank Health System under 'Immense Strain' amid Israeli Attacks - MSF". Palestine Chronicle. 2025-02-06. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  76. ↑ Kubovich, Yaniv (10 February 2025). "Israeli Army Expands Open-fire Orders in West Bank, Leading to Surge in Palestinian Civilian Deaths". Haaretz.
  77. ↑ "Hamas slams PA's security aggression against resistance in Jenin". Middle East Monitor. 2025-01-23. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  78. ↑ "Jordan's foreign minister warns West Bank could 'explode' amid Israeli operation in Jenin – video". The Guardian . 2025-01-22. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  79. ↑ "UN chief urges 'maximum restraint' in IDF's Jenin operation". Times of Israel. AFP. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  80. ↑ "Israeli forces tear up roads, force displacement of 2,000 families in Jenin". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2025-01-22.
  81. ↑ "Two Palestinians Killed on Second Day of IDF Antiterror Operation in Jenin". Haaretz. 22 January 2025.
  82. ↑ Lappin, Yaakov (2025-01-27). "What led to IDF op in Jenin—and why it won't be the last". JNS.org. Retrieved 2025-01-27.
  83. ↑ Pacchiani, Gianluca (15 August 2023). "Hamas and Islamic Jihad seen importing Gaza military tactics to the West Bank". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2025-01-29.
  84. ↑ "Jenin: Israeli military launches major operation in West Bank city". BBC. 2023-07-02. Retrieved 2025-01-29.
  85. ↑ "The Jenin incursion was meant to weaken militant groups. It has ended up deepening the defiance of Palestinian fighters". CNN. 2023-07-07. Retrieved 2025-01-29.
  86. ↑ "Jenin Brigades commander killed as PA forces raid occupied West Bank camp". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2025-01-29.
  87. ↑ "Three Palestinians killed in standoff with security forces in West Bank". Reuters. 3 January 2025.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.