2025 Texas redistricting

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Map of Texas's congressional districts since 2023
Interactive map version Texas Congressional Districts, 118th Congress.svg
Map of Texas's congressional districts since 2023
Interactive map version

In June 2025, lawmakers in the U.S. state of Texas began considering a legislative redistricting plan to give members of the Republican Party in the state an advantage by gerrymandering the state's congressional districts ahead of the 2026 United States House of Representatives elections.

Contents

On August 20, 2025, the Texas State House passed congressional maps that would target five Democratic-held seats. The vote was 88–52, a party-line vote. The Congressional map targets Marc Veasey, Greg Casar, Lloyd Doggett, Julie Johnson, and Al Green. [1] On August 23, 2025, the Texas State Senate passed the map with a vote 18–8. It then headed to governor Greg Abbott, [2] who officially signed the new congressional map into law on August 29, 2025. [3]

Background

In June 2025, The New York Times reported that the Trump administration had urged Republican leadership in the state of Texas to redistrict the state's legislative boundaries in order to benefit Republicans. The plan elicited concern from some Texas Republicans, who argued that it could hurt incumbent Republicans. An official associated with Donald Trump warned lawmakers that the president was noting who would support his plan. Representative Michael McCaul held a twenty-minute meeting in the United States Capitol to discuss the plan. According to the Times, the proposal began amid concern from Trump and his allies that a Republican loss in the 2026 United States House of Representatives elections could damage Trump's legislative agenda and lead to investigations. [4] According to The Texas Tribune , Trump's plan was met by skepticism from Governor Greg Abbott; his concerns were alleviated after a call with Trump. [5]

On August 4, 2025, House Speaker Dustin Burrows appointed a new committee for redistricting efforts. The committee is chaired by Representative Cody Vasut, with initial members to include 12 Republicans and nine Democrats. [6]

Texas Legislature special session

Hearings and Democratic preparations

On July 9, 2025, Abbott called for a special session of the Texas Legislature to discuss redistricting. [7] The impetus for the session was a letter from the United States Department of Justice giving the Texas Legislature the legal authority to redistrict its legislative boundaries, citing discrimination in four majority-minority congressional districts; the letter led to Abbott acknowledging that some districts were drawn "along strict racial lines", a reversal in the state's prior stance. [8] The Texas Legislature's Republican majority gave Democrats limited options to contest the effort. [9] U.S. House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries and Democratic National Committee Chairman Ken Martin held a call on July 14 to discuss a response to the redistricting proposal, including the possibility of walking out of the session. The following day, Trump held his own call with Texas Republicans, urging them to give the state five additional Republican seats. [10]

The special session began on July 21. At a press conference, state Democrats vowed to prolong the redistricting effort as much as possible through several means, including the filibuster, delaying hearings, and walking out. [6] At the first of at least seven House redistricting committee hearings three days later, criticism mounted from some constituents and Democrats, who focused on the lack of publicly available maps. [11] At a hearing at the University of Houston, Committee Chairman Cody Vasut stated that additional hearings would be scheduled after maps were filed. [12] Concurrently, Texas Democrats began fundraising in preparation to leave the state; a rules change approved two years prior, after Democrats had broken quorum to attempt to stop an election law from getting passed, imposes a US$500 fine per day and the possibility of arrest on lawmakers who break quorum, though lawmakers cannot use campaign funds to pay for the fines. U.S. Representative Jasmine Crockett stated that she was willing to fund the walkout. [13] Fundraising involved establishing a US$20 million fund, the Lone Star Fund, and a US$2 million advertisement campaign. [14] Several Texas House Democrats traveled to California, Illinois, and New Mexico to meet with Governors Gavin Newsom, JB Pritzker, and Michelle Lujan Grisham, respectively. [15]

Walkout and Abbott's threats

Texas Republicans defended the map in a meeting on August 1 amid protests in the Texas State Capitol. [16] The following day, the Texas House Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting advanced the redrawn congressional map. [17] On August 3, most House Democrats left the state, denying Republicans a quorum to vote on the map. A majority left that afternoon to head to Chicago, while some traveled to New York to meet with Governor Kathy Hochul and others convened at the National Conference of State Legislatures with some Senate Democrats. [18] In response, Abbott ordered Democrats to return to the Capitol by August 4, threatening to remove them from office through a process outlined in a non-binding legal opinion by Attorney General Ken Paxton and warning of bribery charges for fundraising to pay for a US$500 per day fine. Abbott stated that he would move to extradite "any potential out-of-state felons", while Pritzker affirmed that he would protect the lawmakers in his state. [19] While Abbott cannot legally seek extradition for lawmakers breaking quorum, Paxton may file quo warranto petitions for each of the lawmakers to remove them from office—a process that would be time-intensive and involve multiple special elections whose winners must remain in the state to have a quorum—or file charges against the lawmakers for bribery. [20]

On August 4, 2025, the Texas House voted 85–6 to issue arrest warrants for the Democratic House members who left Texas. All of the no votes on the warrants were Democrats. The vote was seen as largely ceremonial because the arrest warrants cannot be enforced outside of Texas. [21]

Senator John Cornyn stated that the FBI had agreed to help "find" the Democratic lawmakers. [22]

On August 18, after the special session had expired, and following California's gerrymandering proposal to counter Republican gains in Texas, most of the Texas Democrats returned to the state. [23] Abbott had already called for another special session, which started that day. The Democrats who returned were told that they could not leave the state without written permission from the Republican house speaker, and each was given a permission form to sign, agreeing to be escorted by a Texas public safety officer at all times. Representative Nicole Collier refused to sign the form and was then prevented from leaving the House floor that evening, at which point she filed a habeas corpus petition in court, challenging the legality of locking her inside. Abbott and Paxton also petitioned the Texas Supreme Court to remove the Democrats who fled from office. [24]

Impact

Political effects

The proposed redistricting map intends to give Republicans five additional seats in the 2026 United States House of Representatives elections. The map splits voters of color in Tarrant County and alters Texas's 35th congressional district, established in a court order by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. It establishes two majority-white districts, two majority-African American districts, and one majority-Hispanic district. [25] The map condenses several Democratic incumbents against each other, setting up the possibility of primary conflicts, [26] but does not ensure a Republican victory. [27] The map estimates that Hispanic voters in three districts will support Republicans without Donald Trump on the ballot. [28] In two multiracial districts, the proposed map does not alleviate concerns raised by the United States Department of Justice in its letter. [29] According to Representative Todd Ames Hunter, the map was created by the law firm Butler Snow. [16]

Retaliatory redistricting measures

In July 2025, The Texas Tribune reported that Democrats representing California in the United States House of Representatives and allies of Governor Gavin Newsom began considering retaliatory redistricting measures; a spokesperson for Newsom denied the Tribune's reporting. [30] At a press conference in Los Angeles, Newsom publicly called for redrawing California's congressional districts. [31] After meeting with Texas Democrats, Newsom and Illinois Governor JB Pritzker suggested that their states could follow in redistricting. [32] In the New York State Legislature, Democrats introduced a bill to allow the state to redraw its congressional boundaries every five years if another state does so first. [33] A spokesperson for Maryland Governor Wes Moore told The Baltimore Sun that Moore would "evaluate all options as states around the country make decisions regarding redistricting", but did not answer questions on whether he supported a bill introduced by House majority leader David Moon that would automatically restart the state's redistricting process if another state passed new congressional districts. [34] The Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee urged Democratic-led legislatures to redistrict. [35]

To avert a "redistricting war", Representative Kevin Kiley (CA-03), whose seat would be vulnerable if California updated their maps, introduced legislation to ban mid-decade redistricting efforts and nullify maps approved before the 2030 United States census, though Kiley didn't mention stopping redistricting in Texas. He instead shifted the blame to Governor Gavin Newsom's intent to redistrict in California rather than Governor Greg Abbott, who has gone ahead with such plans in Texas. [36]

Redistricting litigation

According to The Texas Tribune, state officials could request litigation regarding Texas's legislative boundaries drawn after the 2020 United States census be dropped if the state redistricts. [37]

Public safety threats

On August 6, 2025, a bomb threat forced 400 people to evacuate the hotel in St. Charles, Illinois where some Democratic lawmakers were staying. [38] The St. Charles Police Department stated that first responders arrived at the hotel around 7:15 a.m. and "conducted a thorough search and no device was found," and that "In response to the threat, 400 people were immediately evacuated and the area was secured as bomb squad units conducted their investigation." [39]

The Texas Tribune also reported that House Democratic Leader Gene Wu had faced an onslaught of anti-Asian and xenophobic remarks, including from state senator Mayes Middleton, who posted "Is Gene Wu back in China?" on Twitter. [40]

See also

References

  1. Oren Oppenheim; Monica Madden; Brittany Shepherd; Ivan Pereira (August 21, 2025). "Texas House passes new GOP-friendly congressional maps". ABC News via MSN.
  2. Blaise Gainey (August 23, 2025). "Texas Legislature sends Trump-backed congressional redistricting plan to Gov. Abbott's desk".
  3. Saenz, Arlette (August 29, 2025). "Texas Gov. Abbott signs new Republican-friendly US House map | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved August 29, 2025.
  4. Goodman, J. David; Goldmacher, Shane (June 9, 2025). "White House Pushes Texas to Redistrict, Hoping to Blunt Democratic Gains". The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 28, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  5. Dahlkamp, Owen (July 22, 2025). "Texas Republicans, including Gov. Abbott, were reluctant to redraw the state's congressional maps. Then Trump got involved". The Texas Tribune . Archived from the original on August 4, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  6. 1 2 Klibanoff, Eleanor (July 21, 2025). "Texas Democrats vow to use delay tactics to drag out GOP redistricting effort". The Texas Tribune . Archived from the original on July 28, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  7. Goodman, J. David; Goldmacher, Shane (July 9, 2025). "Abbott Asks Lawmakers to Redraw Texas' Congressional Maps in Special Session". The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 23, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  8. Klibanoff, Eleanor; Birenbaum, Gabby (July 11, 2025). "Texas leaders have repeatedly claimed the state's voting maps are race blind. Until the Trump DOJ disagreed". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  9. Birenbaum, Gabby; Dahlkamp, Owen (July 15, 2025). "As Trump looks to net five GOP seats through Texas redistricting, Democrats grasp for response". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  10. Goodman, J. David; Goldmacher, Shane (July 15, 2025). "Democrats Broach Potential Walkout to Block Texas Redistricting". The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 22, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  11. Klibanoff, Eleanor (July 24, 2025). "Texans, Democrats condemn GOP redistricting plans at first public hearing". The Texas Tribune . Archived from the original on July 27, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  12. DeGuzman, Colleen (July 26, 2025). "Texas House redistricting committee's Houston hearing draws criticism over absence of maps". The Texas Tribune . Archived from the original on July 28, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  13. Dahlkamp, Owen (July 29, 2025). "Texas Democrats are fundraising to potentially leave the state to block GOP-backed redistricting". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  14. Goldmacher, Shane; Corasaniti, Nick (July 28, 2025). "Democrats Plan $20 Million Fund to Target Texas Republicans for Redistricting". The New York Times . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  15. Downey, Renzo (July 29, 2025). "Seven House Democrats making day trip to New Mexico amid redistricting battle". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  16. 1 2 Goodman, J. David (August 1, 2025). "In Tense Hearing, Texas Republicans Defend Redrawn Political Map". The New York Times . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  17. Klibanoff, Eleanor; Guo, Kayla; Birenbaum, Gabby (August 1, 2025). "Texas House panel advances redrawn congressional map that would add more GOP seats". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  18. Guo, Kayla; Klibanoff, Eleanor (August 3, 2025). "Texas House Democrats flee the state in bid to block GOP's proposed congressional map". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  19. Klibanoff, Eleanor (August 3, 2025). "Gov. Greg Abbott threatens Texas House Democrats with removal from office for fleeing state". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  20. Cheney, Kyle (August 4, 2025). "Gov. Greg Abbott's options to force a redistricting vote are more limited than they appear". Politico . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  21. Klibanoff, Eleanor (August 4, 2025). "Texas House votes to issue arrest warrants for Democrats who left state to block congressional redistricting". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  22. Lynch, Sarah N.; Ax, Joseph; Lynch, Sarah N. (August 7, 2025). "Senator Cornyn says FBI will help track down Texas Democrats who fled over redistricting vote". Reuters. Retrieved August 7, 2025.
  23. "Texas Democrats say they're ending a two-week walkout over gerrymandered US House map plan". Associated Press . August 18, 2025. Retrieved August 18, 2025.
  24. McDaniel, Kirk (August 18, 2025). "Texas House Democrats met with police surveillance upon return to state Capitol after quorum break". Courthouse News. Retrieved August 20, 2025.
  25. Birenbaum, Gabby; Klibanoff, Eleanor (July 30, 2025). "Texas House Republicans unveil new congressional map that looks to pick up five GOP seats". The Texas Tribune . Archived from the original on August 3, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  26. Birenbaum, Gabby (July 31, 2025). "Draft Texas congressional map pits Democratic incumbents against each other, spelling possible primary clashes". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  27. Guo, Kayla; Birenbaum, Gabby (July 31, 2025). "Why the proposed Texas congressional map may not be a lock to net five new GOP seats". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  28. Dahlkamp, Owen (August 2, 2025). "In draft congressional map, Texas Republicans bet big that gains with Latino voters will persist". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  29. Klibanoff, Eleanor (August 1, 2025). "Texas' proposed congressional map dismantles districts flagged by DOJ". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  30. Dahlkamp, Owen (July 3, 2025). "House Democrats, California leaders weigh tit-for-tat redistricting if Texas Republicans redraw maps". The Texas Tribune . Archived from the original on July 27, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  31. Rosenhall, Laurel (July 17, 2025). "Newsom Wants California to Counter Texas on Redistricting". The New York Times . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  32. Corasaniti, Nick; Goodman, J. David (July 25, 2025). "Two Democratic Governors Say if Texas Redraws Congressional Maps, They May Too". The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 27, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  33. Oreskes, Benjamin (July 28, 2025). "In Fight for House, New York May Follow Texas in Redrawing Maps". The New York Times . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  34. Janesch, Sam (August 5, 2025). "Gov. Wes Moore considering 'all options' in Maryland as other blue states fight in redistricting 'war'". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved August 5, 2025.
  35. Corasaniti, Nick (August 4, 2025). "Democratic Group Calls on Blue States to Draw New House Maps". The New York Times . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  36. Fortinsky, Sarah (August 4, 2025). "California Republican to introduce bill banning middecade redistricting". The Hill . Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  37. Dahlkamp, Owen; Contreras, Natalia (June 11, 2025). "Trump aides want Texas to redraw its congressional maps to boost the GOP. What would that mean?". The Texas Tribune . Archived from the original on July 28, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2025.
  38. Marley, Patrick; Wingett Sanchez, Yvonne; Alfaro, Mariana (August 6, 2025). "Texas Democrats evacuated from Illinois hotel over potential bomb threat". The Washington Post . Retrieved August 7, 2025.
  39. Linton, Caroline (August 6, 2025). "Bomb threat prompts evacuation at Chicago hotel where some Texas Democrats are staying". CBS News . Retrieved August 7, 2025.
  40. Serrano, Alejandro (August 6, 2025). "Increased attention on Texas House Democratic leader Gene Wu comes with more anti-Asian insults". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved August 7, 2025.