Discovery [1] | |
---|---|
Discovered by | C. Shoemaker E. Shoemaker |
Discovery site | Palomar Obs. |
Discovery date | 13 March 1983 |
Designations | |
(3854) George | |
Named after | George Shoemaker [1] [2] (discoverer's father-in-law) |
1983 EA | |
Mars-crosser [3] · Hungaria [1] [4] background [5] | |
Orbital characteristics [3] | |
Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
Observation arc | 35.61 yr (13,007 d) |
Aphelion | 2.1463 AU |
Perihelion | 1.6384 AU |
1.8923 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.1342 |
2.60 yr (951 d) | |
13.729° | |
0° 22m 42.96s / day | |
Inclination | 24.207° |
8.4004° | |
87.500° | |
Earth MOID | 0.7879 AU (306.9 LD) |
Physical characteristics | |
Mean diameter | 3.023±0.554 km [6] [7] 3.26±0.65 km [8] 3.62±0.36 km [9] |
3.3398±0.0002 h [10] | |
0.22 [8] 0.308 [9] 0.458 [6] [7] | |
S (assumed) [4] | |
14.00 [6] [7] 14.10 [3] [4] [9] 14.2 [1] 14.72 [8] | |
3854 George, provisional designation : 1983 EA, is a stony Hungaria asteroid and Mars-crosser from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 13 March 1983, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. [1] The unlikely synchronous binary system has a rotation period of 3.3 hours. [4] It was named after the discoverer's father-in-law, George Shoemaker. [1]
George is a member of the Mars-crossing asteroids, a dynamically unstable group located between the main belt and the near-Earth populations, crossing the orbit of Mars at 1.66 AU. [3] It is also a dynamical member of the Hungaria group. [1] [4]
It orbits the Sun in the innermost asteroid belt at a distance of 1.6–2.1 AU once every 2 years and 7 months (951 days; semi-major axis of 1.89 AU). Its orbit has a relatively low eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 24° with respect to the ecliptic. [3] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar in March 1983. [1]
Although George is a member of the dynamical Hungaria group, it is not a member of the collisional Hungaria family but an unrelated, non-family asteroid from the background population, according to Nesvorý, Milani and Knežević. [5] [11] [12] However, in a 2014-abstract from the Asteroids, Comets, Meteors Conference in Helsinki (ACM 2014), George was mentioned as the principal body of a newly discovered low-density family in the Hungaria region. [13]
This minor planet was named after George Estel Shoemaker (1904–1960), father of Carolyn Shoemaker's husband Eugene Shoemaker (1928–1997), [2] who has previously been credited as the second discoverer. [1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 12 December 1989 ( M.P.C. 15574). [14]
George is an assumed stony S-type asteroid. [4]
In November 2005, a rotational lightcurve of George was obtained from photometric observations by Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.3398±0.0002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.14 magnitude ( U=3 ). The observations showed possible hints of George being a binary asteroid with a minor-planet moon in its orbit. However, no conclusive evidence was produced due to insufficient data for a valid lightcurve analysis. [10]
Follow-up observations by Warner in February 2009 gave a concurring period of 3.338±0.001 hours and an amplitude of 0.12 magnitude ( U=2 ) with no indications of mutual occultation/eclipsing events. [15] [lower-alpha 1]
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), George measures between 3.02 and 3.26 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.22 and 0.46. [6] [7] [8] In 2017, a WISE-study dedicated to Mars-crossing asteroids gave a somewhat larger diameter of 3.62 kilometers with an albedo of 0.308. [9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.30 and calculates a diameter of 3.67 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 14.1. [4]
4031 Mueller, provisional designation 1985 CL, is a Hungaria asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 February 1985, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory, California, and named after astronomer Jean Mueller.
3225 Hoag, provisional designation 1982 QQ, is a dynamical Hungaria asteroid from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 20 August 1982, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The stony S/L-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 2.37 hours. It was named for American astronomer Arthur Hoag.
11277 Ballard, provisional designation 1988 TW2, is a Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.3 kilometers (3.9 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1988, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The assumed S-type asteroid has a rotation period of at least 10 hours. It was named for American marine scientist Robert Ballard.
6296 Cleveland, provisional designation 1988 NC, is a Hungaria asteroid from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 July 1988, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory in California. The presumed E-type asteroid has a long rotation period of 30.8 hours and possibly an elongated shape. It was named for the city of Cleveland in the U.S. state of Ohio.
7369 Gavrilin, provisional designation 1975 AN, is a stony Phocaean asteroid, sizable Mars-crosser, and binary system on an eccentric orbit from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 January 1975, by Russian astronomer Tamara Smirnova at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. The assumed S-type asteroid has a long rotation period of 49.1 hours. It was named after Russian composer Valery Gavrilin. The discovery of its 2.4-kilometer sized minor-planet moon was announced in October 2008.
7187 Isobe, provisional designation 1992 BW, is a likely binary Hungaria asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 January 1992, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. It is named after Japanese astronomer Syuzo Isobe.
3353 Jarvis, or by its provisional designation, 1981 YC, is a carbonaceous Hungaria asteroid, slow rotator and suspected tumbler from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter.
3800 Karayusuf, provisional designation 1984 AB, is a Mars-crossing asteroid and suspected binary system from inside the asteroid belt, approximately 2.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 January 1984, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory in California. The S/L-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 2.2 hours. It was named after Syrian physician Alford Karayusuf, a friend of the discoverer.
9165 Raup, provisional designation 1987 SJ3, is a stony Hungaria asteroid and exceptionally slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.7 kilometers in diameter.
2629 Rudra, provisional designation 1980 RB1, is a sizable Mars-crossing asteroid and slow rotator inside the asteroid belt, approximately 5.3 kilometers (3.3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 13 September 1980, by American astronomer Charles Kowal at the Palomar Observatory in California. The dark B-type asteroid has a long rotation period 123 hours and likely an elongated shape. It was named after Rudra from Hindu mythology.
5426 Sharp, provisional designation 1985 DD, is a bright Hungaria asteroid and suspected binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 2–3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 February 1985, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at Palomar Observatory, California, and named after American geologist Robert P. Sharp.
2074 Shoemaker, provisional designation 1974 UA, is a stony Hungaria asteroid, Mars-crosser and suspected synchronous binary system from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 17 October 1974, by astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory. She named it after American astronomer Eugene Shoemaker.
4142 Dersu-Uzala, provisional designation 1981 KE, is a Hungaria asteroid, sizable Mars-crosser and potentially slow rotator from the innermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Czech astronomer Zdeňka Vávrová at Kleť Observatory on 28 May 1981. The rare A-type asteroid has a rotation period of 140 hours. It was named after the Siberian trapper and hunter Dersu Uzala.
4388 Jürgenstock, provisional designation 1964 VE, is a bright Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 November 1964, by astronomers at Indiana University during the Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory in Indiana, United States. The assumed S-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 2.8 hours and is rather spherical in shape. It was named for German-Venezuelan astronomer Jürgen Stock. In February 2019, the asteroid occulted the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius.
1565 Lemaître, provisional designation 1948 WA, is a highly eccentric Phocaea asteroid and sizable Mars-crosser from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 25 November 1948, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle, Belgium. It was named after cosmologist and priest Georges Lemaître.
4440 Tchantchès, provisional designation 1984 YV, is a rather elongated Hungaria asteroid and a possible binary system from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3 kilometers in diameter.
5477 Holmes, provisional designation 1989 UH2, is a Hungaria asteroid and binary system from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3 kilometers (2 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 27 October 1989, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory in California. The presumed E-type asteroid is likely spherical in shape and has a short rotation period of 2.99 hours. It was named for American amateur astronomer Robert Holmes. The discovery of its 1-kilometer-sized minor-planet moon was announced in November 2005.
(6382) 1988 EL, is a stony Hungaria asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 14 March 1988, by American astronomer Jeffrey Alu at the U.S. Palomar Observatory, California.
20936 Nemrut Dagi, provisional designation: 4835 T-1, is a stony Hungaria asteroid and Mars-grazer from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 May 1971, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The asteroid has a rotation period of 3.28 hours, a likely spheroidal shape, and a high albedo typically seen among the enstatite-rich E-type asteroids. In 2012, it was named after the a dormant volcano Nemrut in Turkey.
(15692) 1984 RA, provisional designation 1984 RA, is a Hungaria asteroid from the innermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 2 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 September 1984, by Italian astronomer Maria Barucci at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The presumed E-type asteroid has a longer-than average rotation period of 37.4 hours and possibly an elongated shape.