Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme central to metabolism. Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine nucleobase and the other, nicotinamide. NAD exists in two forms: an oxidized and reduced form, abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH (H for hydrogen), respectively.
CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38), also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many immune cells (white blood cells), including CD4+, CD8+, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. CD38 also functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction and calcium signaling.
Cyclic ADP Ribose, frequently abbreviated as cADPR, is a cyclic adenine nucleotide (like cAMP) with two phosphate groups present on 5' OH of the adenosine (like ADP), further connected to another ribose at the 5' position, which, in turn, closes the cycle by glycosidic bonding to the nitrogen 1 (N1) of the same adenine base (whose position N9 has the glycosidic bond to the other ribose). The N1-glycosidic bond to adenine is what distinguishes cADPR from ADP-ribose (ADPR), the non-cyclic analog. cADPR is produced from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by ADP-ribosyl cyclases (EC 3.2.2.5) as part of a second messenger system.
ADP-ribosylation is the addition of one or more ADP-ribose moieties to a protein. It is a reversible post-translational modification that is involved in many cellular processes, including cell signaling, DNA repair, gene regulation and apoptosis. Improper ADP-ribosylation has been implicated in some forms of cancer. It is also the basis for the toxicity of bacterial compounds such as cholera toxin, diphtheria toxin, and others.
In enzymology, a 21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.151) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (phosphorylating) (EC 1.2.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a rubredoxin-NAD+ reductase (EC 1.18.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction.
Aspartate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme ATP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase catalyzes the chemical reactions
In enzymology, a nucleotide diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an ADP-ribosyl-[dinitrogen reductase] hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a NAD+ glycohydrolase (EC 3.2.2.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a NMN nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a purine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an adenosine-phosphate deaminase (EC 3.5.4.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a NAD(P)+-protein-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.31) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
In enzymology, a nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 6.3.4.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Bst1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BST1 gene. CD157 is a paralog of CD38, both of which are located on chromosome 4 (4p15) in humans.
In molecular biology, the (ADP-ribosyl)hydrolase (ARH) family contains enzymes which catalyses the hydrolysis of ADP-ribosyl modifications from proteins, nucleic acids and small molecules.
ADP-dependent NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase is an enzyme with systematic name (6S)-6β-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide hydro-lyase . This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
