| ANKMY1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | ANKMY1 , ZMYND13, ankyrin repeat and MYND domain containing 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | MGI: 3045261; HomoloGene: 9561; GeneCards: ANKMY1; OMA:ANKMY1 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ankyrin Repeat And MYND Domain Containing 1 (ANKMY1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANKMY1 gene. Known aliases of ANKMY1 include Zinc Finger Myeloid, Nervy and DEAF-1 or ZMYND13.
The ANKMY1 gene is located on the minus strand of chromosome 2, at 2q37.3 . [5] The gene begins at base position 240,479,422 and ends at position 240,577,988. The coding sequence is 3424 nucleotides long and contains 17 exons.
ANKMY1 is ubiquitously expressed in most tissue types in the body. [6]
The ANKMY1 protein is 941 amino acids long and weighs approximately 105.5 kDa. [7] The pI is 6.3.
ANKMY1 protein contains three MORN domains, seven ANK repeats and a single MYND zinc finger toward the end of the protein. [8]
The ANKMY1 protein contains both beta sheets and alpha helices. The MORN domains are exclusively beta sheets and the alpha helices appear only in the ANK domain.
Subcellular location of ANKMY1 protein was found to primarily be in the cytosol. [11] However, ANKMY1 contains nuclear export signals and evidence of nuclear transport indicating it is able to travel between both the nucleus and cytosol. [12]
ANKMY1 protein contains 3 sulfonated Tyrosines at positions 153, 155 and 162. [13] There is also a N-Glycosylation sites at 163. [14] ANKMY1 contains several (87) phosphorylation sites throughout. [15]
No paralogs were found for the ANKMY1 gene.
ANKMY1 has numerous orthologs, strictly among vertebrates. The oldest known ortholog for ANKMY1 is the sea lamprey, an organism that diverged nearly 599 million years ago.
| Genus and Species | Common Name | Taxonomic Group | Median Date of Divergence (MYA) | Accession # | Sequence Length (aa) | Sequence Identity to Human Protein (%) | Sequence Similarity to Human Protein (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo Sapiens | Human | Primates | 0 | NP_057636.2 | 941 | 100 | 100 |
| Mirounga angustirostris | Northern Elephant Seal | Pinnipedia | 94 | XP_054361851 | 688 | 31 | 37 |
| Vombatus ursinus | Common Wombat | Diprotodontia | 160 | XP_027717300 | 1068 | 47 | 61 |
| Ornithorhynchus anatinus | Platypus | Monotremata | 180 | XP_028935005 | 1054 | 48 | 61 |
| Cygnus atratus | Black Swan | Anseriformes | 318 | XP_050570946 | 819 | 39 | 53 |
| Pelecanus crispus | Dalmatian Pelican | Pelecaniformes | 319 | XP_009481272 | 741 | 42 | 56 |
| Apteryx rowi | Okarito Brown Kiwi | Apterygiformes | 319 | XP_025939958 | 828 | 38 | 49 |
| Gopherus evgoodei | Goodes Thronscrub Tortoise | Testudines | 319 | XP_030431806 | 1041 | 44 | 56 |
| Alligator mississippiensis | American Alligator | Crocodylia | 319 | XP_014454066 | 1024 | 44 | 56 |
| Dermochelys coriacea | Leatherback Sea Turtle | Testudines | 319 | XP_043347915 | 1054 | 43 | 56 |
| Sphaerodactylus townsendi | Townsend's Least Gecko | Squamata | 319 | XP_048362796 | 1046 | 40 | 53 |
| Notechis scutatus | Mainland Tiger Snake | Squamata | 319 | XP_026524636 | 990 | 36 | 50 |
| Bombina bombina | Fire-bellied Toad | Salientia | 352 | XP_053567490 | 942 | 39 | 53 |
| Hyla sarda | Sardinian Tree Frog | Anura | 352 | XP_056420535 | 952 | 35 | 49 |
| Rhinatrema bivittatum | Two-lined Caecilian | Gymnophiona | 352 | XP_029472316 | 1260 | 32 | 45 |
| Latimeria chalumnae | West Indian Ocean Coelacanth | Coelacanthiformes | 413 | XP_014354204 | 1223 | 35 | 48 |
| Chiloscyllium plagiosum | White-Spotted Bamboo Shark | Orectolobiformes | 462 | XP_043557725 | 1055 | 37 | 51 |
| Amblyraja radiata | Thorny Skate | Rajiformes | 465 | XP_032887417 | 1017 | 37 | 51 |
| Petromyzon marinus | Sea Lamprey | Petromyzontiformes | 599 | XP_032831007 | 1265 | 28 | 38 |
Table 1. Orthologs of ANKMY1 in humans. Sorted first by estimated date of divergence, then by sequence identity to human protein. ANKMY1 is only found in vertebrates, not invertebrates.
The specific MYND finger of ANKMY1 is specialized for protein-protein interactions. MORN repeats are also associated with linking, more specifically linking parasites and their hosts together. [16] ANKMY1's fast evolution rate coupled with its binding capabilities make it a good candidate for cellular defense. ANKMY1 was found to interact with several proteins within the cell (Table 2).
| Name | Function | Subcellular Location |
|---|---|---|
| MKRN2 Opposite Strand | N/A | Golgi Apparatus |
| THAP Domain Containing 4 | N/A | Mostly cytoplasm, some nucleus |
| Zinc Finger Protein 227 | May be involved in transcriptional regulation | Nucleus |
| Zygote Arrest Protein 1 | N/A | Cytoplasm |
| FERM, ARHGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 2 | Plays a role in TNFSF11-mediated osteoclast differentiation, especially in podosome rearrangement and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Regulates the activation of ITGB3, integrin signaling and cell adhesion | Cytosol |
| Stress-associated endoplasmic reticulum protein 2 | May protect unfolded target proteins against degradation and facilitate correct glycosylation | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| Thymidylate kinase | Catalyzes the conversion of dTMP to dTDP | Cytosol/Nucleus |
| Serine/threonine-protein Kinase 25 | Targets to the Golgi apparatus where it appears to regulate protein transport events, cell adhesion, and polarity complexes important for cell migration. | Golgi/Extracellular |
| Paired Box Protein Pax-9 | Transcription factor required for normal development of thymus, parathyroid glands, ultimobranchial bodies, teeth, skeletal elements of skull and larynx as well as distal limbs | Nucleus |
| Receptor Transporter Protein 5 | N/A | Cytosol |
Table 2. Potential ANKMY1 protein-protein interactions drawn from the STRING database. [17] "N/A" indicates unknown function.
Missense mutations commonly resulting in oncogenic growths were identified at various sites within the coding region. [19] Via text-mining a link between increased expression of the ANKMY1 gene and longer time periods of metastasis-free survival in Osteosarcoma patients. [20] [21] [22] ANKMY1 also shows elevated expression in the omental adipose tissue of obese children. [23]
MORN1 containing repeat 1, also known as Morn1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MORN1 gene.
POTE ankyrin domain family, member B is a protein in humans that is encoded by the POTEB gene.(Prostate, Ovary, Testes Expressed ankyrin domain family member B).It is most likely involved in mediating protein-protein interaction via its 5 ankyrin domains. POTEB is most probably aids in intracellular signaling, but is not likely to be a secreted or nuclear protein. POTEB's function is likely to be regulated via 17 potential phosphorylation sites. There is currently no evidence to suggest that POTEB has nuclear localization signals.
Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 24 is a protein in humans that is coded for by the ANKRD24 gene. The gene is also known as KIAA1981. The protein's function in humans is currently unknown. ANKRD24 is in the protein family that contains ankyrin-repeat domains.
Small integral membrane protein 11 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SMIM11 gene.
C5orf46 is a protein coding gene located on chromosome 5 in humans. It is also known as sssp1, or skin and saliva secreted protein 1. There are two known isoforms known in humans, with isoform 2 being the longer of the two. The protein encoded is predicted to have one transmembrane domain, and has a predicted molecular weight of 9,692 Da, and a basal isoelectric point of 4.67.
CAP-Gly Domain Containing Linker Protein Family Member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLIP4 gene. In terms of conserved domains, the CLIP4 gene contains primarily ankyrin repeats and the eponymous CAP-Gly domains. The structure of the CLIP4 protein is largely made up of coil, with alpha helices dominating the rest of the protein. CLIP4 mRNA expression occurs largely in the adrenal cortex and atrioventricular node. The literature encompassing CLIP4's conserved domains and paralogs points toward microtubule regulation as a possible function of CLIP4.
ProteinFAM89A is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FAM89A gene. It is also known as chromosome 1 open reading frame 153 (C1orf153). Highest FAM89A gene expression is observed in the placenta and adipose tissue. Though its function is largely unknown, FAM89A is found to be differentially expressed in response to interleukin exposure, and it is implicated in immune responses pathways and various pathologies such as atherosclerosis and glioma cell expression.
C11orf98 is a protein-encoding gene on chromosome 11 in humans of unknown function. It is otherwise known as c11orf48. The gene spans the chromosomal locus from 62,662,817-62,665,210. There are 4 exons. It spans across 2,394 base pairs of DNA and produces an mRNA that is 646 base pairs long.
Major facilitator superfamily domain containing 6 like (MFSD6L) is a protein encoded by the MFSD6L gene in humans. The MFSD6L protein is a transmembrane protein that is part of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) that uses chemiosmotic gradients to facilitate the transport of small solutes across cell membranes.
C4orf19 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C4orf19 gene.
bMERB domain containing 1 is a gene expressed in humans which has broad expression across the brain. This gene codes for bMERB1 domain-containing protein 1 isoform 1. It is predicted that this gene is involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation, microtubule regulation and glial cell migration.
Chromosome 13 Open Reading Frame 46 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C13orf46 gene. In humans, C13orf46 is ubiquitously expressed at low levels in tissues, including the lungs, stomach, prostate, spleen, and thymus. This gene encodes eight alternatively spliced mRNA transcript, which produce five different protein isoforms.
Chromosome 5 Open Reading Frame 47, or C5ORF47, is a protein which, in humans, is encoded by the C5ORF47 gene. It also goes by the alias LOC133491. The human C5ORF47 gene is primarily expressed in the testis.
Coiled-coil domain-containing 184 (CCDC184) is a protein which, in humans, is encoded by the CCDC184 gene
C12orf54 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the C12orf54 gene.
Human protein 53 intron 1 (Hp53int1) is a protein encoded by the Hp53int1 gene in humans.
Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 74A (LRRC74A), is a protein encoded by the LRRC74A gene. The protein LRRC74A is localized in the cytoplasm. It has a calculated molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa. The LRRC74A protein is nominally expressed in the testis, salivary gland, and pancreas.
Highly Expressed In Immature Dendritic Cell Transcript 1 (HIDE1) is a protein encoded by chromosome 19 open reading frame 38 (C19orf38) gene in humans. There are no other aliases used for the gene. C19orf38 is only expressed in white blood cells, of the innate immune system. HIDE1 protein has been found to play a role in immune escape of tumors and diet induced obesity.
Chromosome 11 open reading frame 91, or C11orf91 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C11orf91 gene.
Proline-Rich Protein 23A is a protein that is encoded by the Proline-Rich 23A (PRR23A) gene.
