| Adelia barbinervis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Adelia barbinervis with fruit | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus: | Adelia |
| Species: | A. barbinervis |
| Binomial name | |
| Adelia barbinervis | |
Adelia barbinervis is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae that is native to southern Mexico and northern Central America. The Huastec Maya cultivated the plant as a famine food.
Adelia barbinervis is a shrub, or as a tree [2] that grows to be 2-9 meters tall. [3] The bark is spinescent, thin, and gray to whitish. [3] [4]
The leaves grow with an alternate (spiral) pattern. [5] [6] The upper side is dark green and hairless while the underside is paler and pubescent (covered with short, soft hairs) along the veins. [3] Rarely, the underside of the leaf is tomentose, i.e. densely covered in short, matted hairs. [5] The leaves have 5-7 lateral veins. The axils of the veins have tufts of hair called domatia. [3] [5] The leaves are lanceolate (pointy at both ends) with a length of 4-9 cm and a width of 2-3.5 cm. The margins are entire. The leaves are connected to their twig by a 2-5 mm petiole, which is pubescent. The inconspicuous stipules at the base of the petiole are pubescent and, like the leaves, lanceolate. [5]
Plants flower from November to January. [3] The species is dioecious: male and female flowers are not found on the same plant. Flowers grow from the axils of the leaves. [5] The male flowers grow in cymose fascicles of 10-30 flowers. The male pedicels are pubescent and just 3.5-7 mm long. Male flowers have 3-5 greenish or whitish ovate sepals, which are about 2 mm long and pubescent on both sides. Male flowers have 8-12 whitish stamens, each with 2-mm filaments and globose anthers, that are joined at the base. The female flowers have longer pedicels, 15-30 mm long. Female flowers have 5-7 green, linear-lanceolate sepals 2-3 mm long, the upper surfaces of which are puberulent. The ovary is tomentose. [3] [5] The three [3] yellow or white [7] 1.5- to 2-mm styles are flat and widened, joined at the base, and have lacerate (jagged) edges at the apex. [3] [5]
The species produces fruit from January to April. [3] The fruit is a green, pubescent, three-lobed capsule 1.1 mm in diameter [3] that dehisces when dry. [8] The smooth, pale seeds inside are 3.5-4.5 mm long and subglobose. [5]
Adelia barbinervis was first described by Cham. & Schltdl. and was published in Linnaea 6: 362 in 1831. [2] Ricinella barbinervis(Cham. & Schltdl.) Müll.Arg., published in Linnaea 34: 154 (1865), is a homotypic synonym of Adelia barbinervis. [2]
The specific epithet barbinervis means “bearded veins” [9] and refers to the leaves’ domatia. [3]
Adelia barbinervis is closely related to A. triloba . [5]
Adelia barbinervis is native to seasonally dry climates from Mexico to Nicaragua, [2] where it is found in tropical rainforests, [5] tropical deciduous forests, and secondary forests [3] at elevations of 0-500m. It is common in milpa regrowth ecosystems. [1]
The Huastec Maya cultivated the plant as a famine food, cooking the shoots and tender leaves as greens. [1] The wood is used as firewood. [3]
Codiaeum variegatum is a species of Codiaeum, a genus of flowering plants, in the Euphorbiaceae. Initially described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, it is native to Australasia and Oceania, from Malaysia and Indonesia in the north through northeastern Australia, as well as many Southeast Asian and South Pacific islands, growing in open forests and scrub.
Kleinhovia is a monotypic genus of plants in the cotton, hibiscus and cacao family Malvaceae. The sole species in the genus is Kleinhovia hospita, commonly known as guest tree, an evergreen tree native to Indonesia, Malaysia and other parts of tropical Asia and the Pacific.
Rhaphiolepis indica, the Indian hawthorn, India hawthorn or Hong Kong hawthorn is an evergreen shrub in the family Rosaceae.
Eriogonum flavum is a species of wild buckwheat.
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Phyllanthus microcladus, commonly known as the brush sauropus or small-leaved Phyllanthus, is a plant in the family Phyllanthaceae found in tropical and sub tropical areas of eastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales in Australia. It is listed as endangered in New South Wales, but in Queensland it is assessed as least concern. It occurs by streams in rainforest, from near Grafton northwards to around Cairns.
Petenaea cordata was first described in Elaeocarpaceae and later placed in Tiliaceae, but most authors have been uncertain about its familial affinities. It was considered a taxon incertae sedis in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification. Molecular analyses based on a recent collection from Guatemala indicate a distant, weakly supported sister-group relationship to the African genus Gerrardina. As no obvious synapomorphies exist for Gerrardina and Petenaea, the new monogeneric family Petenaeaceae was proposed. The polymorphic order Huerteales now comprises four small families: Dipentodontaceae, Gerrardinaceae, Petenaeaceae and Tapisciaceae. Petenaea cordata is the only species in the genus Petenaea.
Buddleja stachyoides is the most widespread member of the genus in South America, endemic to woodland edges, roadsides and riversides in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Introduced to the UK as B. australis in 1822, when the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh grew it from seed received from a Russian source, the plant was described and renamed B. stachyoides by Chamisso and von Schlechtendal in 1827.
Dodecadenia is a botanical genus of flowering plants in the family Lauraceae. It contains a single species, Dodecadenia grandiflora. It is present from central Asia, to Himalayas and India. It is present in tropical and subtropical montane rainforest, laurel forest, in the weed-tree forests in valleys, mixed forests of coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved trees, Tsuga forests; 2,000–2,600 metres (6,600–8,500 ft) in China in provinces of Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, and countries of Bhutan, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.
Ipomoea arborescens, the tree morning glory, is a rapidly-growing, semi-succulent flowering tree in the family Convolvulaceae. This tropical plant is mostly found in Mexico, and flowers in late autumn and winter. Its common name in Nahuatl is Cazahuatl or Cazahuate.
Trema tomentosum, also known as T. tomentosa and commonly called poison peach, is a shrub or tree in the family Cannabaceae native to the Indian subcontinent, south east Asia, through the islands of the south west Pacific, and the east coast and northern half of Australia.
Prunus himalayana, called jyokun shin in Tibetan and 喜马拉雅臭樱 in Chinese, is a species of Prunus native to Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and Tibet. It prefers to grow 2,800 to 4,200 m above sea level in the Himalayas. As Maddenia himalaica it was the type species for the now unrecognized genus Maddenia.
Bertya opponens is a shrub/tree in the family Euphorbiaceae, native to Australia and found in New South Wales and Queensland. It is found on ridges amongst mallee in shallow soils. It flowers in July and August.
Salix balfouriana is a shrub or small tree from the genus of willow (Salix) with reddish black and tomentose hairy young twigs and up to 8 leaf blades, rarely 18 centimeters long. The natural range of the species is in China.
Aporosa octandra is a species of plant in the family Phyllanthaceae found from Queensland and New Guinea to Indonesia, Zhōngguó/China and India. It is a highly variable plant with 4 named varieties. Its wood is used in construction and to make implements, its fruit is edible. The Karbi people of Assam use the plant for dyeing, textile colours have quite some significance in their culture.
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Stenanthemum is a genus of flowering plants family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to Australia. Plants in the genus Stenanthemum are small shrubs usually lacking spines. The leaves are arranged alternately along the branches, simple, usually folded in half lengthwise on a short petiole. The flowers are arranged in dense heads, usually on the ends of branches with bracts at the base of the flowers, and there are sometimes whitish floral leaves. The flowers are bisexual, more or less sessile and have five sepals, five petals and a tube-shaped hypanthium, the petals hooded over the stamens. The fruit is a schizocarp containing spotted or mottled seeds.
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