Adenophora

Ladybells
Adenophora sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Campanulaceae
Subfamily:	Campanuloideae
Genus:	Adenophora Fisch. (1823)
Synonyms [1]
FloerkeaSpreng. (1818), illegitimate homonym, not Willd. 1801 nor Raf. 1808

Adenophora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae, the bellflowers. Plants of this genus are known commonly as ladybells. ^[2] Most of the species in the genus are native to eastern Asia, with a few in Europe. Many are endemic to either China or Siberia. ^{[1] [3]}

Description

These plants are perennial herbs, often with thick, fleshy roots. The stem usually grows erect from a caudex. There are usually several basal leaves borne on long petioles. The leaves on the stem are alternately arranged in most species. Flowers are solitary or borne in cymes. The corolla of the flower is bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular, with five lobes. ^[3] The corollas of most species are blue. ^[2] There is a characteristic nectar disc at the base of the stamens. ^[3]

Species

There are 68 species currently accepted as Adenophora. ^[4] These are: ^{[1] [3] [5]}

Adenophora nikoensis

Adenophora triphylla var. japonica

1. Adenophora amurica C.X.Fu & M.Y.Liu – Heilongjiang
2. Adenophora biformifolia Y.Z.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
3. Adenophora biloba Y.Z.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
4. Adenophora borealis D.Y.Hong & Y.Z.Zhao – Inner Mongolia and Hebei
5. Adenophora brevidiscifera D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
6. Adenophora capillaris Hemsl. – Chongqing, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
7. Adenophora changaica Gubanov & Kamelin – Mongolia
8. Adenophora coelestis Diels – Sichuan, Yunnan
9. Adenophora contracta (Kitag.) J.Z.Qiu & D.Y.Hong – Liaoning, Inner Mongolia
10. Adenophora cordifolia D.Y.Hong – Henan
11. Adenophora daqingshanica Y.Z.Zhao & L.Q.Zhao – Inner Mongolia
12. Adenophora dawuensis D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
13. Adenophora delavayi (Franch.) D.Y.Hong – northwestern Yunnan
14. Adenophora divaricata Franch. & Sav. – spreading-branch ladybell ^[6] – Honshu, Shikoku, Korea, Amur, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi
15. Adenophora elata Nannf. – Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
16. Adenophora fusifolia Y.N.Lee – South Korea
17. Adenophora gmelinii (Biehler) Fisch. (synonym Adenophora taquetiiH.Lév) – narrow-leaf ladybell, Jejudo ladybell ^[6] – Buryatiya, Chita, Amur, Primorye, Mongolia, Korea, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi
18. Adenophora golubinzevaeana Reverd. – Krasnoyarsk
19. Adenophora grandiflora Nakai – big-flower ladybell ^[6] – Korea
20. Adenophora hatsushimae Kitam. – Kyushu
21. Adenophora himalayana Feer – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Tibet, Nepal, northern India, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan
22. Adenophora hubeiensis D.Y.Hong – Hubei
23. Adenophora × izuensis H.Ohba & S.Watan. – Honshu
24. Adenophora jacutica Fed. – Yakutiya
25. Adenophora jasionifolia Franch. – Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
26. Adenophora khasiana (Hook.f. & Thomson) Collett & Hemsl. (syn. A. bulleyanaDiels) – Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan
27. Adenophora lamarckii Fisch. – Lamark's ladybell ^[6] – Irkutsk, Altai, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Korea
28. Adenophora liliifolia (L.) A.DC. – lily-leaf ladybell ^[6] – central and eastern Europe (Germany, Switzerland, Italy, etc.) east to Xinjiang
29. Adenophora liliifolioides Pax & K.Hoffm. – Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet
30. Adenophora linearifolia D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
31. Adenophora lobophylla D.Y.Hong – Sichuan
32. Adenophora longipedicellata D.Y.Hong – Chongqing, Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan
33. Adenophora maximowicziana Makino – Shikoku
34. Adenophora micrantha D.Y.Hong – Inner Mongolia
35. Adenophora morrisonensis Hayata – Taiwan
36. Adenophora nikoensis Franch. & Sav. – Honshu
37. Adenophora ningxianica S.Ge & D.Y.Hong ^[7] – Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia
38. Adenophora palustris Kom. – marsh ladybell ^[6] – Jilin, Korea, Honshu
39. Adenophora pereskiifolia (Fisch. ex Schult.) G.Don (synonyms Adenophora kayasanensisKitam. and Adenophora racemosaJ.Lee & S.Lee) – Manchurian ladybell, Korean ladybell, racemose ladybell, Gayasan ladybell ^[6] – Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Amur, Kuril Islands, Primorye, Khabarovsk, Chita, Buryatiya
40. Adenophora petiolata Pax & K.Hoffm. – Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang
41. Adenophora pinifolia Kitag. – Liaoning
42. Adenophora polyantha Nakai – many-flower ladybell ^[6] – Korea, Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi
43. Adenophora potaninii Korsh. – Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan
44. Adenophora probatovae A.E.Kozhevn. – Primorye
45. Adenophora remotidens Hemsl. – Incheon ladybell ^[6] – Korea
46. Adenophora remotiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. (synonym Adenophora erectaS.Lee, Joongku Lee & S.Kim) – scattered ladybell ^[6] – Primorye, Japan, Korea, Manchuria
47. Adenophora rupestris Reverd. – Irkutsk
48. Adenophora rupincola Hemsl. – Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan
49. Adenophora sajanensis Stepanov – Krasnoyarsk
50. Adenophora sinensis A.DC. – Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi
51. Adenophora stenanthina (Ledeb.) Kitag. – Mongolia, Gansu, Hebei, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Altai, Amur, Irkutsk, Chita, Buryatiya, Tuva
52. Adenophora stenophylla Hemsl. – Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria
53. Adenophora stricta Miq. – upright ladybell ^[6] – Korea, Japan, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang
54. Adenophora subjenisseensis (Kurbatsky) A.V.Grebenjuk – central Siberia
55. Adenophora sublata Kom. – Primorye, Khabarovsk
56. Adenophora taiwaniana S.S.Ying – Taiwan
57. Adenophora takedae Makino – Honshu
58. Adenophora tashiroi (Makino & Nakai) Makino & Nakai – Fukue Island, Jeju-do Island
59. Adenophora taurica (Sukaczev) Juz. – Crimea
60. Adenophora trachelioides Maxim. – Anhui, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Zhejiang
61. Adenophora tricuspidata (Fisch. ex Schult.) A.DC. – Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, much of Asiatic Russia
62. Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A.DC. – giant bellflower – Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam, Russian Far East, Siberia
63. Adenophora tuvinica Knjaz. – Tuva
64. Adenophora uryuensis Miyabe & Tatew. – Hokkaido
65. Adenophora wilsonii Nannf. – Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan
66. Adenophora wulingshanica D.Y.Hong – Beijing
67. Adenophora xiaoxiensis D.G.Zhang, D.Xie & X.Y.Yi – Hunan
68. Adenophora xifengensis (P.F.Tu & Y.S.Zhou) P.F.Tu & Y.S.Zhou – Gansu

Uses

Many Adenophora species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine. ^[8]

References

1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ^{[ permanent dead link ‍]}
2. Perry, L. Perennial Plant Feature: Ladybells. Archived 2019-05-09 at the Wayback Machine Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont Extension
3. 沙参属 sha shen shu Adenophora. Flora of China.
4. Adenophora Fisch. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 23 August 2024.
5. GRIN Species Records of Adenophora. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
6. English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 364. ISBN   978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2016– via Korea Forest Service.
7. Song, G. and H. De-yuan. (1999). A new species of Chinese Adenophora (Campanulaceae). Novon 9(1) 46.
8. YouLi, H. (2010). Resource and utilization of medicinal plant of the genus Adenophora in Qinling Mountains. Medicinal Plant 1(12) 3-6.