Aeridinae

Last updated

Aeridinae
Aerides-falcatum.jpg
Aerides falcata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Vandeae
Subtribe: Aeridinae
Pfitzer (1887) [1]
Type genus
Aerides Lour.
Genera

See text

Synonyms [2] [3] [1]

Sarcanthinae Benth. (1881) Vandinae Rchb.f. (1851) Deceptorinae Szlach. (1995) Diplocentrinae Szlach. (1995) Gastrochilinae Szlach. (1995) Pelatantheriinae Szlach. (1995) Phalaenopsidinae Szlach. (1995) Taeniophyllinae Szlach. (1995)

Contents

In the botanical classification of plants, Aeridinae Pfitzer (formerly Sarcanthinae) is a subtribe of the tribe Vandeae (Family Orchidaceae) whose representatives all have a monopodial growth habit and do not possess pseudobulbs.

This subtribe is a monophyletic group within Vandeae, [3] and it contains more than 1,300 species in 103 genera, including about 208 (38%) hybrid genera. They occur mostly in Asia with a few in Africa. They are distinguished from the other subtribes of Vandeae by having an entire rostellum, a relatively small spur formed by the lip, and four (or two) pollinia. [4]

Some of the genera it contains have some of the largest and most spectacular flowers in the whole of the orchid family. Also included in this subtribe are some of the most economically important genera in the horticultural trade, such as Phalaenopsis [5] and Vanda .

Leaflessness

Aeridinae contains the largest diversity of leafless taxa within the tribe Vandeae. These leafless species of the genera Chiloschista , Phalaenopsis , and Taeniophyllum (syn. Microtatorchis [6] ), which is the most species rich genus of Aeridinae with 245 accepted species, [7] exhibit reduced stems and enhanced importance and photosynthetic function of the root system. This extreme reduction of leaves has likely evolved in three to four separate instances within Aeridinae. [3] [8] These leafless genera have a tight relationship with fungi of the Ceratobasidiaceae family. [9] The roots of leafless epiphytic orchids are also heavily colonized by nitrogen-fixating cyanobacteria, which are thought to supply the plants with nitrogen. [10]

Taeniophyllum glandulosum Blume exhibiting monopodial leaflessness Taeniophyllum glandulosum 001.JPG
Taeniophyllum glandulosum Blume exhibiting monopodial leaflessness
Flowering Chiloschista trudelii Seidenf. specimen with a few vestigial leaves Chiloschista trudelii (35758527450).jpg
Flowering Chiloschista trudelii Seidenf. specimen with a few vestigial leaves
Flowering Phalaenopsis taenialis (Lindl.) Christenson & Pradhan specimen exhibiting seasonal, deciduous leaflessness Phalaenopsis taenialis - Flickr. 003.jpg
Flowering Phalaenopsis taenialis (Lindl.) Christenson & Pradhan specimen exhibiting seasonal, deciduous leaflessness

Phylogeny

The subtribe Aeridinae is the sister group to the subtribe Angraecinae (incl. Aerangidinae): [11]

Vandeae s.l.

Aeridinae

Angraecinae (including Aerangidinae)

Adrorhizinae

Polystachyinae

Genera

This figure gives a visual impression and comparison of the species richness of the genera belonging to the subtribe Aeridinae Comparison of species richness among genera of the subtribe Aeridinae.pdf
This figure gives a visual impression and comparison of the species richness of the genera belonging to the subtribe Aeridinae

The following genera are accepted members of the subtribe Aeridinae according to Chase et al., 2015: [12]

However, this classification includes genera, which are not recognized by Plants of the World Online of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew:

Additionally, some new genera have been recognized since the publication from Chase et al., 2015:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae</span> Classification of orchids

The taxonomy of the Orchidaceae (orchid family) has evolved slowly during the last 250 years, starting with Carl Linnaeus who in 1753 recognized eight genera. De Jussieu recognized the Orchidaceae as a separate family in his Genera Plantarum in 1789. Olof Swartz recognized 25 genera in 1800. Louis Claude Richard provided us in 1817 with the descriptive terminology of the orchids. (See External links below). The next step was taken in 1830-1840 by John Lindley, who recognized four subfamilies. He is generally recognized as the father of orchid taxonomy. The next important step was taken by George Bentham with a new classification, recognizing subtribes for the first time. This classification was first presented in a paper that Bentham read to the Royal Society in 1881. Then it was published in 1883 in the final volume of Genera Plantarum. The next great contributors were Pfitzer (1887), Schlechter (1926), Mansfeld (1937), Dressler and Dodson (1960), Garay (1960, 1972), Vermeulen (1966), again Dressler (1981). and Burns-Balogh and Funk (1986). Dressler's 1993 book had considerable influence on later work.

<i>Cylindrolobus</i> Genus of plants in the Orchidaceae from New Guinea, Asian Tropics and China

Cylindrolobus is a genus of orchids with about 80 species that grow in New Guinea, Wallacea, Southeast Asia, southern China, and India.

<i>Podochilus</i> Genus of orchids

Podochilus is a genus of about 65 species of small, moss-like epiphytic orchids, distributed across China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia New Guinea, Australia and the Solomon Islands.

<i>Chiloschista</i> Genus of orchids

Chiloschista, commonly known as starfish orchids and abbreviated Chsch., is a genus of usually leafless, epiphytic or lithophytic orchids found in India, Southeast Asia and Australia.

<i>Rhynchostylis</i> Genus of orchids

Rhynchostylis is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), closely allied to the genus Vanda and comprising four currently accepted species native to the Indian Subcontinent, China, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.

<i>Arachnis</i> (plant) Genus of orchids

The genus Arachnis, abbreviated as Arach in horticultural trade, is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of more than 20 species native to China, India, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.

<i>Robiquetia</i> Genus of orchids

Robiquetia, commonly known as pouched orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are epiphytes with long, sometimes branched, fibrous stems, leathery leaves in two ranks and large numbers of small, densely crowded flowers on a pendulous flowering stem. There are about eighty species found from tropical and subtropical Asia to the Western Pacific.

<i>Trichoglottis</i> Genus of orchid

Trichoglottis, commonly known as cherub orchids or 毛舌兰属 , is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and many large, thick, leathery leaves arranged in two ranks. The flowers are usually small and yellowish with light brown or purple markings. The flowers have broad sepals, narrower petals and a labellum which has three lobes and is often hairy. There are about 85 species distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to the north-western Pacific. Most species grow in rainforest.

<i>Brachypeza</i> Genus of orchids

Brachypeza, commonly known as sage orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus have short stems with fleshy leaves and arching flowering stems with short-lived flowers. The sepals and petals are similar in size and shape and the labellum is pouch-like and suspended at the base of the flower. Sage orchids occur in tropical areas from Indochina to New Guinea.

<i>Cleisocentron</i> Genus of orchids

Cleisocentron is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It has a disjunct distribution, known from the Himalayas, Vietnam, China and Borneo.

<i>Collabium</i> Genus of orchids

Collabium is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Species of Collabium are typically terrestrial and grow under shade in forests. They are distributed in southeast Asia from the Himalayas in India, Burma to China, and to the island groups in Malaysia, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Fiji.

<i>Grosourdya</i> Genus of orchids

Grosourdya is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. As of May 2022, it contains 26 known species, native to Southeast Asia.

  1. Grosourdya appendiculata(Blume) Rchb.f. - widespread from Hainan to the Andaman Islands to the Philippines and Maluku
  2. Grosourdya bicornutaJ.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sabah
  3. Grosourdya bigibba (Schltr.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  4. Grosourdya calliferaSeidenf. - Thailand
  5. Grosourdya ciliata (Ridl.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  6. Grosourdya decipiens (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  7. Grosourdya emarginata (Blume) Rchb.f.
  8. Grosourdya fasciculata (Carr) Kocyan & Schuit.
  9. Grosourdya incurvicalcar(J.J.Sm.) Garay - Java, Peninsular Malaysia, Sulawesi
  10. Grosourdya leytensis (Ames) Kocyan & Schuit.
  11. Grosourdya lobata Kocyan & Schuit.
  12. Grosourdya milneri P.O'Byrne, Gokusing & J.J.Wood
  13. Grosourdya mindanaensis (Ames) Kocyan & Schuit.
  14. Grosourdya minutiflora(Ridl.) Garay - Pahang
  15. Grosourdya minutissima P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne
  16. Grosourdya multistrata P.O'Byrne, J.J.Verm. & S.M.L.Lee
  17. Grosourdya muscosa(Rolfe) Garay - Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Andaman Islands
  18. Grosourdya myosurus (Ridl.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  19. Grosourdya nitida (Seidenf.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  20. Grosourdya pulvinifera(Schltr.) Garay - Sabah, Sulawesi
  21. Grosourdya quinquelobata(Schltr.) Garay - Sulawesi
  22. Grosourdya reflexicalcarP.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm.
  23. Grosourdya tripercus(Ames) Garay - Leyte
  24. Grosourdya urunensisJ.J.Wood, C.L.Chan & A.L.Lamb - Sabah
  25. Grosourdya vietnamica (Aver.) Kumar & S.W.Gale
  26. Grosourdya zollingeri(Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. - Java, Maluku
<i>Micropera</i> Genus of orchids

Micropera, commonly known as dismal orchids or 小囊兰属 is a genus of about twenty species of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are large epiphytes with thick roots, long, fibrous stems, linear leaves and whitish or yellow, non-resupinate flowers. The sepals and petals are similar to each other and the labellum is shoe-shaped or sac-like and has three lobes. It is found from Tibet to tropical Asia and the western Pacific Ocean.

<i>Microsaccus</i> Genus of orchids

Microsaccus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia.

<i>Peristylus</i> Genus of orchids

Peristylus, sometimes commonly known as ogre orchids or bog orchids is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It consists of over 100 known species found across much of eastern and southern Asia as well as in Australia and on many islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Pteroceras</i> Genus of orchids

Pteroceras is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, and Southeast Asia.

<i>Schoenorchis</i> Genus of orchids

Schoenorchis, commonly known as flea orchids, or 匙唇兰属 in Chinese, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are small epiphytes with thin roots, thin leafy stems with leaves in two ranks and tiny fragrant, almost tube-shaped flowers with a prominently spurred labellum. There are about twenty five species found from tropical and subtropical Asia to the Western Pacific.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eriinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

The Eriinae form a subtribe of Podochileae, a tribe of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The name is derived from the genus Eria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Podochileae</span> Tribe of orchids

Podochileae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Epidendroideae.

References

  1. 1 2 Pridgeon, A., Cribb, P., Rasmussen, F., & Chase, M. (2014). "Genera Orchidacearum: Epidendroideae." p. 111 Oxford University Press.
  2. Zou, L. H., Huang, J. X., Zhang, G. Q., Liu, Z. J., & Zhuang, X. Y. (2015). "A molecular phylogeny of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) inferred from multiple nuclear and chloroplast regions." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 85, 247-254.
  3. 1 2 3 Carlsward, B. S., Whitten, W. M., Williams, N. H., & Bytebier, B. (2006). "Molecular phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the evolution of leaflessness." American Journal of Botany, 93(5), 770-786.
  4. Mosquera-Mosquera, Hilda R.; Valencia-Barrera, Rosa M.; Acedo, Carmen (2019-04-08). "Variation and evolutionary transformation of some characters of the pollinarium and pistil in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 305 (5): 353–374. Bibcode:2019PSyEv.305..353M. doi: 10.1007/s00606-019-01575-5 . S2CID   254060013.
  5. Ko, Ya-Zhu; Shih, Huei-Chuan; Tsai, Chi-Chu; Ho, Hsing-Hua; Liao, Pei-Chun; Chiang, Yu-Chung (2017-12-01). "Screening transferable microsatellite markers across genus Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae)". Botanical Studies. 58 (1): 48. Bibcode:2017BotSt..58...48K. doi: 10.1186/s40529-017-0200-z . PMC   5688051 . PMID   29143146.
  6. "Microtatorchis Schltr". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  7. "Taeniophyllum Blume". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  8. Carlsward, B. S. (2004). "Molecular systematics and anatomy of Vandeae (Orchidaceae): the evolution of monopodial leaflessness." University of Florida.
  9. Qin, J., Zhang, W., Feng, J. Q., & Zhang, S. B. (2021). "Leafless epiphytic orchids share Ceratobasidiaceae mycorrhizal fungi." Mycorrhiza, 31(5), 625-635.
  10. Tsavkelova, E. A., Glukhareva, I. D., Volynchikova, E. A., Egorova, M. A., Leontieva, M. R., Malakhova, D. V., ... & Netrusov, A. I. (2022). "Cyanobacterial Root Associations of Leafless Epiphytic Orchids." Microorganisms, 10(5), 1006.
  11. Freudenstein, J. V., & Chase, M. W. (2015). "Phylogenetic relationships in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), one of the great flowering plant radiations: progressive specialization and diversification." Annals of botany, 115(4), 665-681.
  12. Chase, M. W., Cameron, K. M., Freudenstein, J. V., Pridgeon, A. M., Salazar, G., Van den Berg, C., & Schuiteman, A. (2015). "An updated classification of Orchidaceae." Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 177(2), 151-174.
  13. "Macropodanthus L.O.Williams". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  14. 1 2 "Plectorrhiza Dockrill". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  15. "Bogoria J.J.Sm". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  16. "Cleisostomopsis Seidenf". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  17. "Cleisocentron Brühl". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  18. "Pennilabium J.J.Sm". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  19. Liu, Dk; Tu, Xiong-De; Zhuang, Zhao; Zeng, Meng-Yao; Zhang, Sai; Ma, Liang; Zhang, Guo-Qiang; Wang, Miao-Miao; Liu, Zhong-Jian; Lan, Si-Ren; Chen, Shi-Pin & Li, Ming-he. (2020). Plastid phylogenomic data yield new and robust insights into the phylogeny of CleisostomaGastrochilus clades (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 145. 106729. 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106729.