Dimorphorchis

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Dimorphorchis
Dimorphorchis rossii (14362472022).jpg
Dimorphorchis rossii
Dimorphorchis lowii (Renanthera lowii) - Curtis' 90 (Ser. 3 no. 20) pl. 5475 (1864).jpg
Botanical illustration of Dimorphorchis lowii
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Vandeae
Subtribe: Aeridinae
Genus: Dimorphorchis
Rolfe
Type species
Dimorphorchis lowii (Benth. & Hook. f.) Rolfe [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • Arachnopapua R.Rice
  • Lowianthus Becc.

Dimorphorchis is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains 9 species, which are native to Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Solomon Islands, and Brunei. [2] It is remarkable for its two flower morphs present on the same plant. [3]

Contents

Description

D. rossii distal flower. At Sakuya Konohana Kan. Dimorphorchis lowii (cropped).png
D. rossii distal flower. At Sakuya Konohana Kan.

Vegetative characteristics

Its species are epiphytic, monopodial herbs with large, pendulous, [4] spreading, or erect [5] up to 200 cm long stems. [6] The basal part of the stem bears roots. [5] The distichously arranged, [5] [4] coriaceous, [4] linear [5] up to 70 cm long leaves [6] have an unequally bilobed to acute apex. [5]

Generative characteristics

The long, [7] glabrous [5] or pubescent, [5] [7] pendent or erect, racemose or paniculate, [5] up to 3 metres long inflorescences [6] bear dimorphic (heteranthous) [3] [6] or not dimorphic, [5] bisexual flowers. [6] [8] The 2-3 flowers closest to the base of the inflorescence are strongly fragrant, slightly smaller, and of a different colour compared to the rest of the flowers, which are unscented and have wavy petals. [6] The four pollinia with an elliptic viscidium are grouped in two pairs. [5] It is unknown how the genus is pollinated. [5] [6]

Taxonomy

It was published by Robert Allen Rolfe in 1919 [3] [9] with Dimorphorchis lowii (Benth. & Hook. f.) Rolfe as the type species. [1]

Species

It has nine species: [2]

Phylogenetic relationships

Within the subtribe Aeridinae, it is the sistergroup to Thrixspermum . [7]

Etymology

The generic name Dimorphorchis references the characteristic two flower morphs preset within the same plant. [3]

Ecology

Habitat

It can grow as a lithophyte or epiphyte in rainforests. [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aeridinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

In the botanical classification of plants, Aeridinae Pfitzer is a subtribe of the tribe Vandeae whose representatives all have a monopodial growth habit and do not possess pseudobulbs.

<i>Calanthe</i> Genus of orchids

Calanthe, commonly known as Christmas orchids, is a genus of about 220 species of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. They are evergreen or deciduous terrestrial plants with thick roots, small oval pseudobulbs, large corrugated leaves and upright, sometimes arching flowering stems. The sepals and petals are narrow and a similar size to each other and the labellum usually has spreading lobes.

<i>Cylindrolobus</i> Genus of plants in the Orchidaceae from New Guinea, Asian Tropics and China

Cylindrolobus is a genus of orchids with about 80 species that grow in New Guinea, Wallacea, Southeast Asia, southern China, and India.

<i>Pinalia</i> Genus of orchids

Pinalia, commonly known as gremlin orchids, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are large epiphytic or lithophytic plants with prominent pseudobulbs, each with up to three thin, flat leaves and cup-shaped, relatively short-lived flowers with scale-like brown hairs on the outside. There are about 120 species occurring from tropical to subtropical Asia to the south-west Pacific.

<i>Arachnis</i> (plant) Genus of orchids

The genus Arachnis, abbreviated as Arach in horticultural trade, is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of more than 20 species native to China, India, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.

<i>Robiquetia</i> Genus of orchids

Robiquetia, commonly known as pouched orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are epiphytes with long, sometimes branched, fibrous stems, leathery leaves in two ranks and large numbers of small, densely crowded flowers on a pendulous flowering stem. There are about eighty species found from tropical and subtropical Asia to the Western Pacific.

<i>Trichoglottis</i> Genus of orchid

Trichoglottis, commonly known as cherub orchids or 毛舌兰属 , is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and many large, thick, leathery leaves arranged in two ranks. The flowers are usually small and yellowish with light brown or purple markings. The flowers have broad sepals, narrower petals and a labellum which has three lobes and is often hairy. There are about 85 species distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to the north-western Pacific. Most species grow in rainforest.

<i>Trichoglottis biglandulosa</i> Genus of orchid plant

Trichoglottis biglandulosa is a species of flowering plant from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is endemic to the island of Java in Indonesia. It is part of the monopodial subtribe Aeridinae and bears nearly white flowers that are proportionally large compared to the rest of the plant.

<i>Cleisocentron</i> Genus of orchids

Cleisocentron is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It has a disjunct distribution, known from the Himalayas, Vietnam, China and Borneo.

<i>Collabium</i> Genus of orchids

Collabium is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Species of Collabium are typically terrestrial and grow under shade in forests. They are distributed in southeast Asia from the Himalayas in India, Burma to China, and to the island groups in Malaysia, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Fiji.

<i>Diploprora</i> Genus of orchids

Diploprora is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two recognized species, native to Asia:

<i>Grosourdya</i> Genus of orchids

Grosourdya is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. As of May 2022, it contains 26 known species, native to Southeast Asia.

  1. Grosourdya appendiculata(Blume) Rchb.f. - widespread from Hainan to the Andaman Islands to the Philippines and Maluku
  2. Grosourdya bicornutaJ.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sabah
  3. Grosourdya bigibba (Schltr.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  4. Grosourdya calliferaSeidenf. - Thailand
  5. Grosourdya ciliata (Ridl.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  6. Grosourdya decipiens (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  7. Grosourdya emarginata (Blume) Rchb.f.
  8. Grosourdya fasciculata (Carr) Kocyan & Schuit.
  9. Grosourdya incurvicalcar(J.J.Sm.) Garay - Java, Peninsular Malaysia, Sulawesi
  10. Grosourdya leytensis (Ames) Kocyan & Schuit.
  11. Grosourdya lobata Kocyan & Schuit.
  12. Grosourdya milneri P.O'Byrne, Gokusing & J.J.Wood
  13. Grosourdya mindanaensis (Ames) Kocyan & Schuit.
  14. Grosourdya minutiflora(Ridl.) Garay - Pahang
  15. Grosourdya minutissima P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne
  16. Grosourdya multistrata P.O'Byrne, J.J.Verm. & S.M.L.Lee
  17. Grosourdya muscosa(Rolfe) Garay - Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Andaman Islands
  18. Grosourdya myosurus (Ridl.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  19. Grosourdya nitida (Seidenf.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  20. Grosourdya pulvinifera(Schltr.) Garay - Sabah, Sulawesi
  21. Grosourdya quinquelobata(Schltr.) Garay - Sulawesi
  22. Grosourdya reflexicalcarP.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm.
  23. Grosourdya tripercus(Ames) Garay - Leyte
  24. Grosourdya urunensisJ.J.Wood, C.L.Chan & A.L.Lamb - Sabah
  25. Grosourdya vietnamica (Aver.) Kumar & S.W.Gale
  26. Grosourdya zollingeri(Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. - Java, Maluku
<i>Phalaenopsis <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Hygrochilus</i> Subgenus of flowering plants

Phalaenopsis subg. Hygrochilus is a subgenus of the genus Phalaenopsis.

<i>Microsaccus</i> Genus of orchids

Microsaccus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia.

<i>Pteroceras</i> Genus of orchids

Pteroceras is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, and Southeast Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angraecinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

Angraecinae is a subtribe in the family Orchidaceae. The subtribe consists of approximately 47 genera. The type genus is Angraecum. Most of the genera are endemic to Africa, Madagascar and other Indian Ocean Islands, a few genera can also be found in the Americas.

<i>Trachoma</i> (plant) Genus of orchids

Trachoma, commonly known as spectral orchids, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with leafy stems, crowded, leathery leaves arranged in two ranks and a large number of relatively small, short-lived flowers that often open in successive clusters. The sepals and petals are free from and more or less similar to each other, except that the petals are often smaller. The labellum is rigidly fixed to the column and is more or less sac-shaped. There are about 17 species distributed from Assam to the Western Pacific Ocean. Most species grow in rainforests, often on emergent trees such as hoop pine.

<i>Phalaenopsis japonica</i> Species of epiphytic orchid

Phalaenopsis japonica, also known as 萼脊兰 in Chinese, 나도풍란 (nadopungnan) in Korean and ナゴラン or 名護蘭 (nago-ran) in Japanese, is a species of epiphyte in the family Orchidaceae, native to open forests of China, Japan and Korea, occurring at altitudes of 600–1400 m. It also may grow lithophytically on cliffs along valleys. The 1 to 1.5 cm long stems bear 6–13 cm long and 2–3 cm wide, alternate leaves. Inflorescences are between 17 and 19 cm in length and bear flowers with whitish green, petals and sepals. The lateral sepals bear 1-3 transverse bands of dull brown spots on the adaxial surface. The midlobe is spotted purple to red. The horn-shaped spur ranges from 1.2 to 1.4 cm in length. The plants have four pollinia in two pairs, but previously they have been mistaken as two pollinia.

<i>Diploprora truncata</i> Species of epiphytic orchid

Diploprora truncata is a species of orchid native to East Himalaya and Thailand. Despite its placement within the genus Diploprora, it has been reported to be more closely related to Malleola baliensis, which is a synonym of Robiquetia aberrans (Schltr.) Kocyan & Schuit, than to the type species of the genus Diploprora championii. Thus, the genus is polyphyletic. The epiphytic plants have pendulous, monopodial stems, which bear distichously arranged, lanceolate leaves, which form sheaths around the stem. The widely spreading flowers are produced on lateral, laxly several flowered inflorescences.

References

  1. 1 2 Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-d). Dimorphorchis Rolfe. Tropicos. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40031513
  2. 1 2 3 "Dimorphorchis Rolfe". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 The Orchid review (Vol. 27, Issues 321–322, p. 149). (1893). Orchid Review ltd.]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37102243
  4. 1 2 3 Teoh, E. S., & Teoh, E. S. (2021). Dimorphorchis Rolfe. Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 1 (A-E), 465-470.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pridgeon, A. M., Cribb, P. J., Chase, M. W., & Rasmussen, F. N. (2014). Genera Orchidacearum volume 6: Epidendroideae (Part 3). pp. 172–175. OUP Oxford.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wood, Jeffrey (2005). "518. Dimorphorchis rossii var. graciliscapa: Orchidaceae". Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 22 (1): 42–46. ISSN   1355-4905.
  7. 1 2 3 Zou, L. H., Huang, J. X., Zhang, G. Q., Liu, Z. J., & Zhuang, X. Y. (2015). A molecular phylogeny of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) inferred from multiple nuclear and chloroplast regions. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 85, 247-254.
  8. Hutton, R. (2011). Dimorphorchis – Borneo beauties. The New Zealand Internet Orchid Review, 16, 26. http://www.orchidcouncil.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Issue-16-final.pdf
  9. Dimorphorchis Rolfe. (n.d.). International Plant Names Index. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from https://www.ipni.org/n/29278-1
  10. Ormerod, P. (2013). A new, orange-flowered Dimorphorchis from Maluku, Indonesia. Malesian Orchid Journal, 12, 33-37.