Related Research Articles
Little is known of the history of Gabon prior to European contact. Bantu migrants settled the area beginning in the 14th century. Portuguese explorers and traders arrived in the area in the late 15th century. The coast subsequently became a center of the transatlantic slave trade with European slave traders arriving to the region in the 16th century. In 1839 and 1841, France established a protectorate over the coast. In 1849, captives released from a captured slave ship founded Libreville. In 1862–1887, France expanded its control including the interior of the state, and took full sovereignty. In 1910 Gabon became part of French Equatorial Africa and in 1960, Gabon became independent.
El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba was a Gabonese politician who was the second President of Gabon for 42 years, from 1967 until his death in 2009. Omar Bongo was promoted to key positions as a young official under Gabon's first President Léon M'ba in the 1960s, before being elected Vice-President in his own right in 1966. In 1967, he succeeded M'ba to become the second Gabon President, upon the latter's death.
The United Democratic Movement (UDM) is a centre-left, social-democratic, South African political party, formed by a prominent former National Party leader, Roelf Meyer, a former African National Congress and Transkei homeland leader, General Bantu Holomisa, and a former ANC Executive Committee member, John Taylor. It has an anti-separatist, pro-diversity platform; and supports an individualist South Africa with a strong moral sense, in both social and economic senses.
The African Independent Congress (AIC) is a minor political party in South Africa.
The United Democratic Movement (UDM) is a political party that was founded in 1999 by politicians who were at the time considederd to be renegades from the then ruling party Kenya African National Union but was denied registration by the then head of state Daniel Toroitich Arap Moi and most of its then leaders went to other parties by the time of the 2002 general elections.
Roland Athol Price Trollip is a retired South African politician of the Democratic Alliance (DA), who served as the Federal Chairperson of the Democratic Alliance from 2015 to 2019 and the Executive Mayor of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, serving from 2016 until he was unseated in a vote of no confidence in 2018.
Capital punishment in South Africa was abolished on 6 June 1995 by the ruling of the Constitutional Court in the case of S v Makwanyane, following a five-year and four-month moratorium since February 1990.
The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) is a South African left-wing to far-left pan-Africanist political party. It was founded by expelled former African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) President Julius Malema, and his allies, in 2013. Malema is President of the EFF, heading the Central Command Team which serves as the central structure of the party. The party itself has been accused of fomenting anti-white and anti-Indian racism, and Malema himself was convicted in 2011 for singing the song "Shoot the Boer". It is currently the third-largest party in both houses of the South African Parliament.
The Patriotic Alliance (PA) is a South African political party, formed in November 2013 by, among others, one-time convicted bank robber turned motivational speaker, author and businessman Gayton McKenzie and former convicted fraudster turned businessman and socialite Kenny Kunene.
Herman Samtseu Philip Mashaba is a South African politician, entrepreneur and the current president of ActionSA, a party he launched on 29 August 2020. He served as the Mayor of Johannesburg from 2016 to 2019. He is the founder of the hair product company Black Like Me. He is famous in South Africa for his life story: growing up and struggling against poverty and the apartheid government to open his own hair business, which became the biggest hair brand in South Africa, making him a millionaire. He publicly backed Mmusi Maimane in the Democratic Alliance leadership race. He wrote the autobiography Black Like You and recently he wrote his new memoir "The accidental mayor". Philosophically, he is a libertarian and "capitalist crusader" whose highest value is "individual freedom."
Black First Land First (BLF) is a black consciousness, pan-Africanist and revolutionary socialist political movement and political party in South Africa. It was founded in 2015 by Andile Mngxitama following his expulsion from the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), led by Julius Malema.
The 2019 South African general election was held on 8 May 2019 to elect a new President, National Assembly and provincial legislatures in each province. These were the sixth elections held since the end of apartheid in 1994 and determined who would become the next President of South Africa.
Bongani Thomas Bongo is a South African politician, whose ANC membership is currently suspended along with the party's secretary-general Ace Magashule. Bongo is the former Minister of State Security, a position to which he was appointed on 17 October 2017 by President Jacob Zuma until he was relieved from the post on 28 February 2018. He was the only appointment that had not been a cabinet minister before. He is also the elected President of the University of Limpopo's Alumni and Convocation Association. As the Minister of State Security, Bongo headed the State Security Agency of South Africa.
Good is a South African political party that was formed in December 2018. It is led by its founder Patricia de Lille, current Minister of Public Works and Infrastructure and former Mayor of Cape Town. The party's policies are predominantly left-wing and its platform is premised on social democracy, environmentalism, anti-racism and Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment. The party's stronghold is the Western Cape and mainly draws support from the Coloured community.
The Electoral Commission of South Africa (IEC) announced on 20 March 2019 that a record number of 48 parties had registered candidates for the national parliamentary election. This is 19 more parties that contested the 2014 national elections. In the provincial legislature elections, the total number of parties registering candidates were:
The 2021 South African municipal elections will be held on 27 October 2021, to elect councils for all district, metropolitan and local municipalities in each of the country's nine provinces. It will be the sixth municipal election held in South Africa since the end of apartheid in 1994; municipal elections are held every five years. The previous municipal elections were held in 2016.
Nqabayomzi Lawrence Saziso Kwankwa is a South African politician from the Eastern Cape. He has been serving as a Member of the National Assembly of South Africa for the United Democratic Movement (UDM) since August 2013. He is the deputy president of the UDM and the party's chief whip.
Thembisile Angel Khanyile is a South African politician who is a member of the National Assembly of South Africa representing the Democratic Alliance. She is currently the Shadow Minister of Home Affairs. Khanyile had previously served as the Shadow Deputy Minister of Home Affairs.
Gerhardus Willem Koornhof is a South African politician and economist who serves as the Parliamentary Counsellor to President Cyril Ramaphosa. When Ramaphosa served as deputy president, Koornhof was his parliament counsellor. An MP since 1994, Koornhof currently represents the African National Congress, though he previously represented United Democratic Movement between 1999 and 2003 and the National Party/New National Party before that.
References
- ↑ "Holomisa ejects UDM founder member". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
- ↑ "African Change Academy leader calls for referendum on death penalty". DispatchLIVE. Retrieved 2019-05-06.
- ↑ Mqikela, Siyabulela (2017-11-30). "'Makagxothwe uBongo!'". I'solezwe lesiXhosa. Retrieved 2019-05-06.[ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ "Results Dashboard". www.elections.org.za. Retrieved 2019-05-11.