Agaricus lanatoniger

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Agaricus lanatoniger
Agaricus lanatoniger imported from iNaturalist photo 264152363 on 17 May 2023.jpg
Agaricus lanatoniger, in Chingford Park (Dunedin, New Zealand)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Agaricus
Species:
A. lanatoniger
Binomial name
Agaricus lanatoniger
Heinem. (1974)
Agaricus lanatoniger
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Convex cap icon.svg Cap is convex
Free gills icon2.svg Hymenium is free
Ring stipe icon.svg Stipe has a ring
Transparent spore print icon.svg
 Spore print is blackish-brown
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Question.pngEdibility is unknown

Agaricus lanatoniger is an agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae, endemic to New Zealand.

Contents

Taxonomy

A. lanatoniger was first described in 1974 by Belgian mycologist Paul Heinemann and collected by Egon Horak in December 1967. [1] The holotype specimen was collected in the Westland Province, of New Zealand by Lake Haupiri, underneath red beech ( Nothofagus fusca ) and rimu ( Dacrydium cupressinum ) trees. [1] The original paper reference number was incorrect, [2] but is correctly listed as PDD 27107 in a report on New Zealand Agaricus species in 1999. [3]

Description

The pileus of Agarcius lanatoniger can vary from a spherical to a convex shape. [1] Smaller specimens tend to have more spherical pileus, while larger are more flattened convex shape, although both have round shape when viewed from above. The dark brown, felt-like pileus or cap can be up to 120 mm (4.7 in) wide in diameter. [1]

The gills consist of thin pink filaments, stemming from the underside of the pileus without touching the stem. [1] This forms a small ring around the stem less than 1 mm (0.039 in) long. About a third of the length of the stem is a 1 mm (0.039 in) thick skirt. This extends 10 mm (0.39 in) out from the stem. Above the skirt, the stem is tan or pale colour. [1] While underneath, the colour transitions from light brown to dark brown or black like the cap's colour. [1]

The spores are opaque chocolate brown, ellipsoid and 5,3-6,0(6,5) X 3,4-3,7 μm in size. The basidia are 18-24 X 6,5-7,2 μm, transparent and have 4 spores each. The gills have abundant transparent cheilocystidia which are pear to club shaped and 20-25 X 7-12 μm. [1]

The stem ranges from 30 to 50 mm (1.2 to 2.0 in) in length and with a diameter of 12–14 mm (0.47–0.55 in), generally thicker toward the base. Inside the stem is a white, hollow column beginning at gill level but sealed at the bottom. Beneath the ground, the bulbous shape has many small root-like filaments. The stem's insides are white with a hollow center. [1]

Agaricus lanatoniger imported from iNaturalist photo 264655667 on 17 May 2023.jpg

Similarity to Agaricus purpureoniger

The sequence of A. lanatoniger, when compared to A. purpureoniger differed only by one nucleotide, [4] suggesting that they be the same species. When physically compared, the A. purpureoniger is more purple. [5] However, over the last three decades, all samples of A. purpureoniger have been found in similar locations as A. lanatoniger, specifically in the northwestern regions of both the New Zealand islands. [6] [7]

Habitat

Agaricus lanatoniger has been found in nine different terrestrial locations primarily in New Zealand [7] The mean annual temperature for all locations ranges from 6.98–15.10 °C (44.56–59.18 °F). [7] Due to New Zealand's temperate climate, this fluctuates throughout its four distinct seasons. Most samples show A. lanatoniger in the ground of forests, however, the type of forest has not been noted. [7]

Etymology

Lanatoniger originates from the Latin "lanatus" (adj) meaning wooly or downy. [8] This refers to the felt-like texture of its pileus.

Related Research Articles

<i>Agaricus bernardii</i> Agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae

Agaricus bernardii, commonly called the salt-loving agaricus, or salty mushroom, is an agaric fungus in the family Agaricaceae. The mushroom's thick stem is usually shorter than the diameter of the cap, which ranges from 5–15 centimetres and is convex to flattened. The cap surface is whitish to buff, and can develop scales or warts in age. The gills are initially pink before turning brown when the spores mature. The flesh turns reddish when it is cut or bruised. It resembles species such as A. bitorquis.

<i>Agaricus pattersoniae</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Leucocoprinus cepistipes</i> Species of fungus

Leucocoprinus cepistipes, is a species of fungus in the family Agaricaceae. It is also known by the common name onion-stalk parasol in reference to the bulbous stem base. It is typically found on wood debris, such as wood chips but may also grow in potted plants or greenhouses. Typical characteristics include a fine-scaled bell-shaped cap, a partial veil, and a tendency to bruise a yellow to brown when handled.

<i>Psilocybe makarorae</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Amanita australis</i> Species of fungus

Amanita australis is a species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. It produces small- to medium-sized fruit bodies, with brown caps up to 9 centimetres in diameter covered with pyramidal warts. The gills on the underside of the cap are white, closely crowded together, and free from attachment to the stem. The stem, up to 9 cm long, has a ring and a bulbous base. The mushroom may be confused with another endemic New Zealand species, A. nothofagi, but can be distinguished by differences in microscopic characteristics.

<i>Amanita nothofagi</i> Species of fungus

Amanita nothofagi is a species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. Endemic to New Zealand, the species was first described by mycologist Greta Stevenson in 1962. The fruit bodies have dark brown caps that are up to 13 cm (5.1 in) in diameter and covered with patches of soft greyish-brown scales or warts. The gills underneath the cap are crowded together, free from attachment to the stem, and white, becoming tinged with yellow in age. The stem of the mushroom is 4–14 cm (1.6–5.5 in) long by 0.5–2.5 cm (0.2–1.0 in) thick, and has a ring. The spore print is white, and individual spores are spherical to ellipsoid, measuring 7.5–9 by 7.5–9 micrometres. The mushroom may be confused with another New Zealand species, A. australis, but can be distinguished by certain characteristics. Amanita nothofagi is a mycorrhizal species, and grows in association with native New Zealand trees such as Southern Beech.

<i>Pluteus readiarum</i> Species of fungus

Pluteus readiarum is a species of mushroom in the family Pluteaceae. Found in New Zealand, it was described scientifically by New Zealand mycologist Greta Stevenson in 1962.

<i>Psathyrella ammophila</i> Species of fungus

Psathyrella ammophila is a species of fungus in the family Psathyrellaceae and is found throughout Europe. Commonly known as the dune brittlestem, this agaric primarily grows on sand dunes near marram grass, feeding saprotrophically on the decaying roots. The season of growth is generally May to November.

<i>Lepiota babruzalka</i> Species of fungus

Lepiota babruzalka is an agaric mushroom of the genus Lepiota in the order Agaricales. Described as new to science in 2009, it is found in Kerala State, India, where it grows on the ground in litterfall around bamboo stems. Fruit bodies have caps that measure up to 1.3 cm (0.5 in) in diameter, and are covered with reddish-brown scales. The cap is supported by a long and slender stem up to 4.5 cm (1.8 in) long and 1.5 millimetres (0.1 in) thick. One of the distinguishing microscopic features of the species is the variably shaped cystidia found on the edges of the gills.

Lactifluus aureifolius is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. It is found in Burundi, which grows in miombo woodland dominated by Brachystegia utilis. The fungus was described in 1996 as a species of Lactarius.

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<i>Macrolepiota zeyheri</i> Species of fungus

Macrolepiota zeyheri is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae. In the Kilendu dialect it is known as djilo and in the Kilur dialect it is called n'volo mighom.

Leucocoprinus gandour is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Heinemann, P. (1974). "Quelques Agaricus de Nouvelle-Zélande". Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique. 44 (3/4): 355–366. doi:10.2307/3667677. JSTOR   3667677.
  2. ↑ "Specimen Details". scd.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 2023-05-18.
  3. ↑ Mitchell, A. D.; Walter, M. (December 1999). "Species of Agaricus occurring in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 37 (4): 715–725. doi: 10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512665 . ISSN   0028-825X.
  4. ↑ jtbra (2023-03-31). "Agaricus lanatoniger". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  5. ↑ Heinemann, P. (1986). "Agarici Austroamericani VI. Aperçu sur les Agaricus de Patagonie et de la Terre de Feu". Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België. 56 (3/4): 417–446. doi:10.2307/3668202. ISSN   0303-9153. JSTOR   3668202.
  6. ↑ Australia, Atlas of Living. "Species: Agaricus purpureoniger". bie.ala.org.au. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Search: species: Agaricus lanatoniger | Occurrence records | Atlas of Living Australia". biocache.ala.org.au. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  8. ↑ Niermeyer; van de Kieft; Lake-Schoonebeek (1993-01-01). Mediae latinitatis lexicon minus. BRILL. doi:10.1163/9789004502581. ISBN   978-90-04-50258-1.
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