| Aglaia leptantha | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Meliaceae |
| Genus: | Aglaia |
| Species: | A. leptantha |
| Binomial name | |
| Aglaia leptantha | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
Aglaia leptantha is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae. It is found in Mainland and Island Southeast Asia. People use the plant for food, incense, and for human and bovine medicine. Gibbons also eat parts of the tree.
A tree growing some 20-35m tall. [3] The wood is red. Distinguishing traits include that the secondary veins on the leaves are usually less than ten, though rarely more, and that the leaflets dry to a blackish to blackish-green colour. [4] In Thailand the tree flowers from August to October, with fruiting occurring from October to April.
The species is found in Mainland and Island Southeast Asia. [2] Countries and regions that it is native to are: Indonesia (Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, Sumatera); Philippines; Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; and Laos.
Occurs in many forest habitats and in seasonal swamps. [1]
In upland Cavite (Luzon, Philippines) the natural forest, a lowland evergreen dipterocarp rainforest, is under threat from deforestation, mining and pollution. [5] The dominant trees are Shorea guiso , Ficus chrysolepis , Diospyros pyrrhocarpa , Buchanania arborescens and Strombosia philippinensis . A. leptantha is a minor taxa (less than 1% importance value) in this forest.
In Thailand it is recorded in evergreen forests, growing in sediments derived from sandstone, limestone or granite bedrock, at 500–1,100m altitude. [4]
In Cambodia and Vietnam it is restricted to montane forests. [3]
Local people in the Veun Sai-Siem Pang Conservation Area, northeastern Cambodia, have observed Northern yellow-cheeked crested gibbons (Nomascus annamensis) eating parts of A. leptantha. [6]
The species is considered Lower Risk/Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List mainly because of the threat of habitat loss. [1]
In Thailand the aril is eaten. [4] In Cambodia the young leaves are eaten in salads, like those of the genuine sdau (Azadirachta indica). [3] The red wood is fragrant and used as incense, like sandalwood ( Santalum spp.) A decoction of the bark is used in local medicine to treat fever in people and to increase the appetite of oxen and buffalo.
The species was first described in 1868 by the Nederlander botanist Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel (1811–71). [7] After an early career as a medical doctor and academic, he became a leading expert on the botany of the then Nederlands West Indies, now Indonesia. He published his description in Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi (Amsterdam).
Senegalia rugata, commonly known in India by the Tamil-derived name Shikakai, is a spiny climbing shrub native to China and tropical Asia, common in the warm plains of central and south India. It is renowned as a raw material for shampoo, and the leaves and young shoots are often eaten. Archaeobotanical evidence shows its use for hair care in the pre-Harrapan levels of Banawali, some 4500–4300 years ago.
Areca triandra, the wild areca palm, is a palm which is often used as ornamental plant. It is native to India, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It is also reportedly naturalized in Panama and in southern China. As a wild plant, it commonly occurs in littoral forest in Southeast Asia.
Sindora siamensis is a species of tree in the subfamily Detarioideae of the family Fabaceae. It has an accepted infraspecific, the variety S. siamensis var. maritima (Pierre) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen. See taxon box to the right below, and below for details on the variety maritima. The nominate species is found in many countries in tropical Asia. Like several other species in the genus Sindora, its wood is considered valuable; the least concern conservation status may reflect efforts to replant this species, but mortality rates are high. As well as the wood, the plant provides raw material for chemical products, food and drink, and domestic utensils.
Aglaia edulis is a tree species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It occurs in Tropical Asia from India to Yunnan and South-Central China. The wood and timber are used for various purposes.
Aglaia lawii is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae. As well as the autonym species, there are two subspecies accepted.
Aglaia spectabilis is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae, found from the Santa Cruz Islands in the southwest Pacific to Queensland (Australia), Southeast Asia, Yunnan (Zhōngguó/China) and the Indian subcontinent. It grows from a 1m shrub to an emergent 40m tall tree, depending on the habitat. Its wood is commercially exploited as timber, but otherwise is of poor quality with limited use. The fruit are eaten, and used in folk medicine. The seeds are large in comparison to other plants, and a major source of dispersal of the species are hornbills eating the fruit, flying away from the tree and regurgitating the seeds.
Campylospermum serratum is a plant in the family Ochnaceae. The specific epithet serratum is from the Latin meaning "with teeth", referring to the leaf margin. It is found in Tropical Asia, from Sulawesi, Indonesia to Hainan, Zhōngguó/China and over to southwester India. Gomphia serrata was a previous common name for the species. The plant is used for it wood and its sap is used in folk medicine and in the past for teeth-blackening.
Hydnocarpus annamensis is a tree in the Achariaceae family. It is found in Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, southern Yunnan and southern Guangxi in Zhōngguó/China. It is threatened by habitat loss. The plant produces low-quality wood and its fruit are used in traditional medicine.
Myrialepis is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family, the single species, Myrialepis paradoxa, native to Southeast Asia. The genus name is a combination of the Greek words meaning "innumerable" and "scale", a description of the fruit, and the epithet is Latin for "paradox".
Elaeocarpus lanceifolius is a tree species in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is found across tropical Asia from Thailand to Yunnan to Nepal to Karnataka, India. It is used for its wood, fruit, and nuts.
Aganonerion is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae, first described in 1905. It contains only one known species, Aganonerion polymorphum, native to Indochina.
Amphineurion is a genus of plants in the Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1948. It contains only one known species, Amphineurion marginatum, native to Cambodia, S China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.
Plectocomia pierreana is a species of liana in the Arecaceae, or palm tree, family. It is a spiny climber, with either a single stem or a cluster of stems up to 35 m in length, stems are 1 to 9 cm in diameter. Its spines are up to 2 cm long.
Part of a group, the subfamily Calamoideae, whose members are usually called rattans in English, Calamus godefroyi, is a climbing plant, and part of the Arecaceae, or palm, family.
Elaeocarpus thorelii is a tree in the family Elaeocarpaceae, endemic to Cambodia, and used for its wood.
Gluta cambodiana is a shrub/small tree in the family Anacardiaceae. It occurs in parts of Mainland Southeast Asia. Its wood is used for pickets and fuel.
Mallotus floribundus is a tree in the family Euphorbiaceae, in the Stylanthus section, native to Southeast Asia, Wallaceae, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
Pantadenia adenanthera is a shrub in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is found in parts of Southeast Asia. The species is used for its wood and edible fruit.
Quassia harmandiana is a freshwater mangrove shrub or small tree in the Simaroubaceae family. It is found in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. The wood provides firewood. Certain fish eat the poisonous fruit
Xanthophyllum lanceatum is a tree in the Polygalaceae family. It grows across Southeast Asia from Sumatera to Bangladesh. The leaves are used as a hops-substitute in beer making and the wood as fuel. Fish in the Mekong regularly eat the fruit, flowers and leaves.
