Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park | |
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Taman Nasional Aketajawe-Lolobata | |
Location | Halmahera, North Maluku, Indonesia |
Coordinates | 1°09′N128°16′E / 1.150°N 128.267°E Coordinates: 1°09′N128°16′E / 1.150°N 128.267°E |
Area | 1,673 km² |
Established | 2004 |
Governing body | Ministry of Environment and Forestry |
Website | www |
Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park is a national park on Halmahera, the biggest island in the North Maluku province of Indonesia. [1] The park is considered by BirdLife International to be vital for the survival of at least 23 endemic bird species. [2] Aketajawe-Lolobata, which has an area of 167,300 hectares, was declared a national park in 2004.
The Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park is located in the northern part of Halmahera island in North Maluku. It is part of the Wallacea biodiversity hotspot. [3]
The vegetation of the national park consists primarily of lowland and montane rainforest. The forest is characterised by a high level of biodiversity, including Agathis species, Calophyllum inophyllum , Octomeles sumatrana , Koordersiodendron pinnatum , Pometia pinnata, Intsia bijuga , Canarium mehenbethene gaerta, and Palaquium obtusifolium. [1]
From 51 mammal species found in North Maluku, 28 are found on Halmahera Island, of which seven are endemic to this region, and one, the ornate cuscus ( Phalanger ornatus ), is endemic to the island. [1]
Of the 243 bird species in North Maluku, 211 have been recorded on Halmahera Island of which 24 are endemic, including Wallace's standardwing, Halmahera cuckooshrike, sombre kingfisher, [2] white cockatoo, invisible rail, blue-and-white kingfisher, dusky-brown oriole, Moluccan goshawk, dusky scrubfowl, long-billed crow, grey-headed fruit dove, ivory-breasted pitta, and azure dollarbird. [1]
Reptiles and amphibians in the park include the Callulops dubia , Caphixalus montanus , and Hydrosaurus werneri . [1]
Other endemic animals on Halmahera include two grasshopper species, three dragonfly species, one butterfly species, and twenty land mollusc species. [1]
The park is home to a semi-nomadic community of people known as the Tobelo Dalam [2] or Forest Tobelo. They share a common language with the coastal village communities of the Tobelo people. Their number is estimated to be around 2,000. [4]
In 1981 the National Conservation Plan proposed the designation of four protected areas: Aketajawe, Lolobata, Saketa and Gunung Gamkonora. The 1993 Indonesian Biodiversity Action Plan recommended the designation of an integrated protected area. [1] Survey work by BirdLife in 1994–1996 identified Aketajawe-Lolobata as an Important Bird Area. [2]
In 1995 the Aketajawe and Lolobata areas, were proposed as National Park. In 1999 a large forest area of 7,264,707 has been classified as State Forest Area, which included the Aketajawe and Lolobata Forest Groups. [1] In 2004 a National Park has been declared with a total area of 167,300 ha, which is formed by the Aketajawe Protected Forest Group (77,100 ha) in the districts of Central Halmahera and Kota Tidore Kepulauan, and Lolobata Forest Group (90,200 ha) in East Halmahera district. [1]
Threats to the national park are posed by illegal logging and mining. [5] Between 1990 and 2003 forests declined in North Maluku from 86% to just under 70%, with much of it occurring in the lowlands (below 400m). As a result, species with large amounts of their range at low elevations were most strongly affected. [6]
North Maluku is a province of Indonesia. It covers the northern part of the Maluku Islands, bordering the Pacific Ocean to the north, the Halmahera Sea to the east, the Molucca Sea to the west, and the Seram Sea to the south. The provincial capital is Sofifi on the largest island of Halmahera, while the largest city is the island city of Ternate. The population of North Maluku was 1,038,087 in the 2010 census, making it one of the least-populous provinces in Indonesia, but by the 2020 Census the population had risen to 1,282,937, and the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 1,299,177.
Halmahera, formerly known as Jilolo, Gilolo, or Jailolo, is the largest island in the Maluku Islands. It is part of the North Maluku province of Indonesia, and Sofifi, the capital of the province, is located on the west coast of the island.
Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Halmahera, Buru, Seram, and many smaller islands. The islands of Wallacea lie between the Sunda Shelf to the west, and the Sahul Shelf including Australia and New Guinea to the south and east. The total land area of Wallacea is 347,000 km2 (134,000 sq mi).
Lorentz National Park is a national park located in Central Papua, Indonesia, in the southwest of western New Guinea. With an area of 25,056 km2 (9,674 mi2), it is the largest national park in Southeast Asia. In 1999 Lorentz was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Tobelo is a North Halmahera language spoken on the eastern Indonesian island of Halmahera and on parts of several neighboring islands. The Tobelo-speaking heartland is in the six administrative districts of Tobelo, located on the western shore of Kao Bay and forming the central part of Halmahera Utara Regency. Other Tobelo-speaking areas are the five districts of Wasile on the southern and eastern shores of Kao Bay, and the northern half of Morotai Island. The district capital, also known as Tobelo, serves as a regional commercial and administrative center and is the largest settlement on Halmahera.
Tobelo is a town and a district on the eastern Indonesian island of Halmahera. It is the capital of the regency (kabupaten) of North Halmahera, part of the province of North Maluku. The town was formalised as the capital of North Halmahera in the district elections held in 2004. It had a population of 34,150 at the 2020 Census. A palm tree lined coastal road connects Tobelo to Galela. The town is predominantly Christian, and a Protestant Church has existed in Tobelo since at least 1924.
The fauna of Indonesia is characterised by high levels of biodiversity and endemicity due to its distribution over a vast tropical archipelago. Indonesia divides into two ecological regions; western Indonesia which is more influenced by Asian fauna, and the east which is more influenced by Australasian species.
Burung Indonesia, official name: Perhimpunan Pelestarian Burung Liar Indonesia or BirdLife Indonesia Association, is the affiliate of BirdLife International in Indonesia. It was founded on July 15, 2002, with the headquarter in Bogor, Java. In 2014 the organisation had about 80 employees and six field offices.
The blue-and-white kingfisher is a species of bird in the family Alcedinidae. It is endemic to North Maluku in Indonesia. It can be found on the islands of Morotai, Ngelengele, Halmahera, Damar, Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Bacan, Obi and Obilatu.
The sombre kingfisher is a species of bird in the family Alcedinidae. It is endemic to island of Halmahera, in North Maluku, Indonesia.
The Halmahera rain forests is a tropical moist forest ecoregion in Indonesia. The ecoregion includes the island of Halmahera and neighboring islands, including Bacan, Morotai, the Obi Islands, Ternate, Tidore, Gebe, and many smaller islands.
Manusela National Park is located on Seram island, in the Maluku archipelago of Indonesia. It is made up of coastal forest, swamp forest, lowland and montane rainforest ecosystem types. Mount Binaiya at 3,027 meters, is the highest of the park's six mountains. Seram is remarkable for its high degree of localised bird endemism. The park also includes important karst landscapes. On Mount Hatu Saka, near the coast of Saleman-Sawai, it is the Goa Hatusaka, currently the deepest cave of the whole Indonesia.
The Timor and Wetar deciduous forests is a tropical dry forest ecoregion in Indonesia and East Timor. The ecoregion includes the islands of Timor, Wetar, Rote, Savu, and adjacent smaller islands.
North Halmahera Regency is a regency of North Maluku Province, Indonesia. It was declared a Regency on 31 May 2003. The capital town of the regency lies at the port of Tobelo. The Regency, which has been considerably reduced by the separation of Tidore and of Morotai Island, now covers an area of 3,891.62 square kilometres (1,502.56 sq mi) and had a population of 161,847 people at the 2010 Census, 179,783 at the 2015 Intermediate Census. and 197,640 at the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at mid 2021 was 199,936. The principal settlements are Tobelo, Kao and Galela. The area is noted for its white beaches and coral reefs.
The North Halmahera languages are a family of languages spoken in the northern and eastern parts of the island of Halmahera and some neighboring islands in Indonesia. The southwestern part of the island is occupied by the unrelated South Halmahera languages, which are a subgroup of Austronesian. They may be most closely related to the languages of the Bird's Head region of West Papua, but this is not well-established.
O Tokata is a spirit of the dead in the mythology of Tobelo, Halmahera Island, North Maluku province, Indonesia.
The Togutil people are an indigenous group with a semi-nomadic lifestyle living in the jungles of Totodoku, Tukur-Tukur, Lolobata, Kobekulo and Buli, North Maluku in the Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park, North Halmahera Regency, North Maluku, Indonesia.
The Tobelo people is one of the northern Halmahera peoples living in eastern Indonesia, in the northern part of the Maluku Islands and in the eastern side of North Halmahera Regency.
The Vogelkop–Aru lowland rain forests is a tropical moist forest ecoregion in Indonesia. The ecoregion covers the peninsular lowlands of western New Guinea, along with the Aru Islands and other nearby islands.
The Moluccan myzomela is a species of bird in the family Meliphagidae. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it is found on the Maluku Islands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.