Alan Jamieson

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Alan Jamieson

OBE
Alan Jamieson 2022.jpg
Alan Jamieson in 2022
NationalityScottish
EducationZoology, PhD, University of Aberdeen
Occupation(s)Professor at University of Western Australia, Founding Director at Minderoo-UWA Deep-Sea Research Centre

Alan John Jamieson OBE is a Scottish marine biologist, engineer, explorer and author, best known for his deep-sea exploration and study of life at the deepest places in the oceans. [1] He is known for extensive use of deep-sea landers [2] to establish the maximum depth and community dynamics of many organismal groups, as well as the discovery of many new species and highlighting the presence of anthropogenic impacts at full ocean depth. During the Five Deeps Expedition, and follow on expeditions in 2020, he completed various dives in a manned submersible to some of the deepest places in the world. He has published over 100 scientific papers [3] and participated in 65 deep-sea expeditions. [4]

Contents

Education and career

Jamieson was born in Scotland and grew up in Largs in Ayrshire, and then Longniddry in East Lothian. He attended Preston Lodge High School in Prestonpans. [5] From 1995 to 1999, he obtained a BSc Honours degree in Design for Industry at Robert Gordon University's Gray's School of Art in Aberdeen. In 2000 he joined the newly formed Oceanlab at the University of Aberdeen as mechanical technician where he also completed a part time PhD entitled Autonomous lander technology for biological research at mid-water, abyssal and hadal depths, [6] graduating in 2004. During his time in Aberdeen he worked, studied and published under Professor Imants Priede. Following two postdoc positions he became a lecturer and then senior lecturer at the University of Aberdeen, based at the Oceanlab field station in Newburgh. In 2016 he joined the School of Marine Science and Technology at Newcastle University. In 2019 he founded the company Armatus Oceanic, focused in marine technology R&D, expeditions and science dissemination. Through Armatus Oceanic, he co-runs the Deep Sea Podcast with Dr Thomas Linley. [7] In April 2021 he joined the University of Western Australia as professor and founding director of the Deep-Sea Research Centre. [8]

Jamieson was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2024 New Year Honours for services to marine biology, subsea engineering and expoloration. [9]

Scientific impact

Jamieson's early scientific work focussed largely on technology-driven studies into deep-sea fish behaviour and pelagic bioluminescence. He completed two EU funded postdocs, the first a sediment dynamics project named COBO (Coastal Ocean Benthic Observatories [10] ), that involved the design and construction of a deep-water Sediment Profile Imaging camera (SPI), the second was an astrophysics project named KM3NeT (Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope), where he surveyed deep-water pelagic bioluminescence across potential sites for an underwater neutrino telescope [11] in the Mediterranean. [12]

During his time at Oceanlab, he began a series of projects relating to exploring the hadal zone (depths exceeding 6000m). He designed and constructed two full ocean depth rated landers to carry baited cameras, traps and other sensors to depth of nearly 11,000m. [13] [14] Between 2007 and 2013 he participated in and often led a series of seagoing expeditions that included the first finding of the taxonomic order Decapoda at hadal depths (including the deepest prawn ever found [15] ), the first video of fish greater than 6000m, [16] filmed the deepest fish in the southern hemisphere, [17] the deepest fish ever filmed [18] (at the time), the deepest eel ever found, [19] and the first footage and discovery of the 'supergiant amphipod' at hadal depths. [20] These were achieved across a series 11 expeditions spanning the Japan, Izu–Bonin, Mariana, Kermadec, New Hebrides, Tonga and Peru–Chile trenches in collaboration with the University of Tokyo's Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI; Japan) and the National Institute for Water and Atmospheric research (NIWA; New Zealand). These expeditions also saw the discovery of a hadal amphipod species later to be named after him: Princaxelia jamiesoni . [21]

In 2014, Jamieson was a co-Principal investigator on the joint US–UK–NZ Hades projects: Hades-K to the Kermadec Trench and Hades-M to the Mariana Trench. The former was the first expedition to use the HROV Nereus to full scientific capacity. The vehicle was lost during this expedition, [22] but by using spare parts and scrap metal, Jamieson constructed a full ocean depth lander, known as the Wee Trap, that days later captured the deepest fish ever caught, Pseudoliparis swirei . [23] On the second expedition, to the Mariana Trench, he set a new record for the deepest fish (the 'Ethereal snailfish' at 8145 metres deep) and the first video footage of the supergiant amphipod, Alicella gigantea . [24]

From 2015 to 2017, Jamieson led the ‘PharmaDEEP’ expedition to the South Shetland Trench in Antarctica on the Spanish naval ship Hesperides and participated in the Japanese RV Shinyo Maru expedition to the Mariana Trench in 2017, with the Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology for the Discovery Channel documentary Deep Ocean, Descent into the Mariana Trench, [25] produced by NHK.

Some of his recent papers includes the deepest cephalopod (octopus) and deepest squid ever filmed, [26] [27] description of the DSV Limiting Factor [28] full ocean depth submersible, a review of the deepest places in each ocean, [29] and a contribution to an industrial scheme to eliminate plastic pollution with Andrew Forrest of the Minder Foundation. [30]

A replica of Jamieson's third Hadal-Lander was constructed and used in a sequence in Episode 2 (The Deep) of the documentary Blue Planet II . The Hadal-Lander is seen descending into a CG model of a subduction trench, alongside some footage obtained during Hades-K and Hades-M.

He was a guest presenter at New Scientist Live at the ExCel London centre in September 2017 [n38] where he also joined BBC World Service's Science in Action live panel show with Roland Pease. [31] He presented at Ocean TEDx KingsPark on 1 December 2021, and took the audience into the deepest ocean where few humans who have dived, including 11 km down in the Mariana Trench. [32]

In 2022 he led an expedition to the Diamantina Fracture Zone in the East Indian Ocean where his team discovered the deepest fish off mainland Australia at a depth of 6177 metres. [33]

His zoological author abbreviation is Jamieson. [34] He has co-authored the description of 12 new species. [35]

The Five Deeps Expedition

In 2018, undersea explorer Victor Vescovo selected Jamieson to be the Chief Scientist on the Five Deeps Expedition, whose objective was to thoroughly map and visit the deepest point of all five of the world's oceans by the end of September 2019 in a two-person full ocean depth submersible. Jamieson joined the expedition on the DSSV Pressure Drop in July 2018 and oversaw 103 deep-sea lander deployments spanning the Abaco Canyon, offshore Bahamas, Grand Banks, Puerto Rico Trench and the Agulhas Fracture Zone in the Atlantic Ocean, the South Sandwich Trench in the Southern Ocean, the Diamantina Fracture Zone and Java Trench in the Indian Ocean, the Mariana Trench, San Cristobal Trench, Santa Cruz Trench and Tonga Trench in the Pacific Ocean, and the Molloy Hole in the Arctic Ocean. [36]

During the expedition he descended to a depth of 7180m in the Java Trench, [37] and then to 10,710m in Sirena Deep in the Mariana Trench, 7200m in the Puerto Rico Trench and 2000m in the Arctic with Vescovo. The first of these dives made him the first British citizen to reach hadal depths, and the second of these dives, made him the 8th deepest diving human in history. [38]

Jamieson rejoined the DSSV Pressure Drop in February 2020 for Caladan Phase I Expedition to the wreck site of La Minerve. In March 2020 he was Chief Scientific on the Phase III expedition to the deepest point of the Red Sea (Suakin Trough), where Jamieson and Vescovo successfully explored the Kebrit Brine Pool in the submersible.

Ring of Fire Expeditions

Between 2020 and 2022, Jamieson remained as Chief scientist of the DSSV Pressure Drop during the Ring of Fire Expeditions. During this time he led an expedition to the Eastern Mariana Trench and the Sui Shin Hole, [39] and participated in the Philippine Trench expedition that found the wreck of the USS Johnston DD-557 [40] which included a dive to over 10,000 m on the location where, in 1951, the Danish Galathea Expedition proved life existed beyond 10,000m deep. [41] In 2021 he led a Minderoo Foundation charter on the DSSV Pressure Drop to the East Indian Ocean where he completed six submersible dives to the Wallaby-Zenith Fracture Zone and Wallaby Cuvier Escarpment between depth of 6600 and 4400 metres. In 2022 he led the DSSV Pressure Drop expedition to the trenches around Japan where he completed the first manned dive to the Ryukyu Trench at 7322 metres with Victor Vescovo, and 9137 metres deep at the base of the Boso Triple Junction in the northern Izu-Ogasawara Trench.

Notable publications

In 2015, Jamieson published a book entitled The Hadal Zone, Life in the Deepest oceans [42] with Cambridge University Press, which was nominated for the Royal Society of Biology Book of the Year award (2015), and endorsed by film director and explorer James Cameron. He wrote the forewords for John Quentin's 2021 Global Watch fiction novels, The Galathea Legacy and the Vernadsky Ultimatum. [43]

Notable publications include a paper entitled Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna, [44] published in Nature ecology & evolution, Fishes of the hadal zone including new species, in situ observations and depth records of Liparidae, [45] published in 2016 in the journal Deep Sea Research Part I.

Jamieson was part of the team that led to the discovery of microplastics at full ocean depth, [46] and was involved in a recent campaign with the WWF (Call it plastic) to name a hadal species Eurythenesplasticus. [47] [48]

Deep-Sea Podcast

Since 2020, he has co-hosted the monthly Deep-Sea Podcast [49] with Dr Thom Linley of Armatus Oceanic and Captain Don Walsh known from the 1960 Bathyscape Trieste dive to the Mariana Trench. During this time he has interviewed notable guests such as Dr Glenn Singleman, author Susan Casey, UN secretary General Michael Lodge, His Serene Highness Prince Albert II of Monaco, and film director James Cameron, among others. In episode 13, [50] he interviewed Australian submersible pilot Tim Macdonald of Caladan Oceanic at a depth of over 10,000 metres in the Philippine Trench from inside the DSV Limiting Factor.[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

<i>Trieste</i> (bathyscaphe) Deep sea scientific submersible

Trieste is a Swiss-designed, Italian-built deep-diving research bathyscaphe. In 1960, it became the first crewed vessel to reach the bottom of Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, the deepest point in Earth's seabed. The mission was the final goal for Project Nekton, a series of dives conducted by the United States Navy in the Pacific Ocean near Guam. The vessel was piloted by Swiss oceanographer Jacques Piccard and US Navy lieutenant Don Walsh. They reached a depth of about 10,916 metres (35,814 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Challenger Deep</span> Deepest-known point of Earths seabed

The Challenger Deep is the deepest known point of the seabed of Earth, located in the western Pacific Ocean at the southern end of the Mariana Trench, in the ocean territory of the Federated States of Micronesia. According to the GEBCO Gazetteer of Undersea Feature Names the depression's depth is 10,920 ± 10 m (35,827 ± 33 ft) at 11°22.4′N142°35.5′E, although its exact geodetic location remains inconclusive and its depth has been measured at 10,902–10,929 m (35,768–35,856 ft) by deep-diving submersibles, remotely operated underwater vehicles, benthic landers, and sonar bathymetry. The differences in depth estimates and their geodetic positions are scientifically explainable by the difficulty of researching such deep locations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mariana Trench</span> Deepest oceanic trench on Earth

The Mariana Trench is an oceanic trench located in the western Pacific Ocean, about 200 kilometres (124 mi) east of the Mariana Islands; it is the deepest oceanic trench on Earth. It is crescent-shaped and measures about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) in length and 69 km (43 mi) in width. The maximum known depth is 10,984 ± 25 metres at the southern end of a small slot-shaped valley in its floor known as the Challenger Deep. The deepest point of the trench is more than 2 km (1.2 mi) farther from sea level than the peak of Mount Everest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snailfish</span> Family of fishes

The snailfishes or sea snails are a family of marine ray-finned fishes. These fishes make up the Liparidae, which is classified within the order Scorpaeniformes.

The Sunda Trench, earlier known as and sometimes still indicated as the Java Trench, is an oceanic trench located in the Indian Ocean near Sumatra, formed where the Australian-Capricorn plates subduct under a part of the Eurasian Plate. It is 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) long with a maximum depth of 7,290 metres. Its maximum depth is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean. The trench stretches from the Lesser Sunda Islands past Java, around the southern coast of Sumatra on to the Andaman Islands, and forms the boundary between Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian plate. The trench is considered to be part of the Pacific Ring of Fire as well as one of a ring of oceanic trenches around the northern edges of the Australian Plate.

The hadal zone, also known as the hadopelagic zone, is the deepest region of the ocean, lying within oceanic trenches. The hadal zone ranges from around 6 to 11 km below sea level, and exists in long, narrow, topographic V-shaped depressions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deep sea</span> Lowest layer in the ocean

The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of 200 m (660 ft) or the point of transition from continental shelves to continental slopes. Conditions within the deep sea are a combination of low temperatures, darkness, and high pressure. The deep sea is considered the least explored Earth biome as the extreme conditions make the environment difficult to access and explore.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kermadec Trench</span> Linear ocean trench in the South Pacific

The Kermadec Trench is a linear ocean trench in the south Pacific Ocean. It stretches about 1,000 km (620 mi) from the Louisville Seamount Chain in the north (26°S) to the Hikurangi Plateau in the south (37°S), north-east of New Zealand's North Island. Together with the Tonga Trench to the north, it forms the 2,000 km (1,200 mi)-long, near-linear Kermadec-Tonga subduction system, which began to evolve in the Eocene when the Pacific Plate started to subduct beneath the Australian Plate. Convergence rates along this subduction system are among the fastest on Earth, 80 mm (3.1 in)/yr in the north and 45 mm (1.8 in)/yr in the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abyssal grenadier</span> Species of fish

The abyssal grenadier, Coryphaenoides armatus, is an abyssal fish of the genus Coryphaenoides, found in all the world's oceans, at depths between 800 and 4,000 metres. Its adult length is 20 to 40 centimetres, although Fishbase gives lengths up to 1 metre. The abyssal grenadier's body is unique in that it contains two dorsal spines and about 124 dorsal soft rays, which are the flexible jointed rays supporting a fin nearest to the back in the spinal column. It has no anal spines, but has 115 anal soft rays along its body. The head and eyes of this fish are very large, while the mouth is very small. The color of the abyssal grenadier is brown apart from the abdomen, which is bluish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dordrecht Deep</span> Part of the Diamantina Trench southwest of Perth, Western Australia

The Dordrecht Deep is located in the Diamantina Trench southwest of Perth, Western Australia. The Diamantina Trench is in the eastern part of the larger Diamantina Fracture Zone, which stretches 1,900 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the Ninety East Ridge to the Naturaliste Plateau, off the lower part of Southwest Australia. It is one of the deepest points in the Indian Ocean at 7,079 m (23,225 ft). It is located about 1,125 kilometres (699 mi) west-southwest of Perth at 35°S 104°E.

The Molloy Deep is a bathymetric feature in the Fram Strait, within the Greenland Sea east of Greenland and about 160 km west of Svalbard. It is the location of the deepest point in the Arctic Ocean. The Molloy Deep, Molloy Hole, Molloy Fracture Zone, and Molloy Ridge were named after Arthur E. Molloy, a U.S. Navy research scientist who worked in the North Atlantic, North Pacific and Arctic Oceans in the 1950s-1970s.

Pseudoliparis amblystomopsis, or the hadal snailfish, is a species of snailfish from the hadal zone of the Northwest Pacific Ocean, including the Kuril–Kamchatka and Japan Trenches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sirena Deep</span> Deep area in Mariana Trench

The Sirena Deep, originally named the HMRG Deep, was discovered in 1997 by a team of scientists from Hawaii. Its directly measured depth of 10,714 m (35,151 ft) is third only to the Challenger Deep and Horizon Deep, currently the deepest known directly measured places in the ocean. It lies along the Mariana Trench, 200 kilometers to the east of the Challenger Deep and 145 km south of Guam.

Notoliparis kermadecensis is a species of snailfish (Liparidae) that lives in the deep sea. Endemic to the Kermadec Trench in the Southwest Pacific, it is hadobenthic with a depth range between 6,474 and 7,561 m (21,240–24,806 ft), and can reach a standard length of up to 25.8 cm (10.2 in).

<i>Pseudoliparis swirei</i> Species of snailfish found at hadal depths in the Mariana Trench

Pseudoliparis swirei, the Mariana snailfish or Mariana hadal snailfish, is a species of snailfish found at hadal depths in the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean. It is known from a depth range of 6,198–8,076 m (20,335–26,496 ft), including a capture at 7,966 m (26,135 ft), which is possibly the record for a fish caught on the seafloor. Various anatomical, physiological, molecular and genetic adaptions help this species survive in such depths.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Victor Vescovo</span> Undersea explorer

Victor Lance Vescovo is an American private equity investor, retired naval officer, sub-orbital spaceflight participant, and undersea explorer. He was a co-founder and managing partner of private equity company Insight Equity Holdings from 2000-2023. Vescovo achieved the Explorers Grand Slam by reaching the North and South Poles and climbing the Seven Summits, and he then visited the deepest points of all of Earth's five oceans during the Five Deeps Expedition of 2018–2019.

<i>Coryphaenoides yaquinae</i> Species of fish

The rough abyssal grenadier is a species of deep-sea grenadier fish in the family Macrouridae. First described as a separate species in 1974, the rough abyssal grenadier was historically confused with its congener, Coryphaenoides armatus. Unlike C. armatus, which has been recorded in the waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern oceans, observations of C. yaquinae have been confined exclusively to the Pacific ocean. C. yaquinae tends to inhabit abyssopelagic depths between 3,400 and 5,800 meters. However, observations of C. yaquinae have been made as deep as 7,000 meters (23,000 ft) below sea level.

DSV <i>Limiting Factor</i> Crewed full ocean depth rated submersible

Limiting Factor is a crewed deep-submergence vehicle (DSV) manufactured by Triton Submarines and owned and operated by Gabe Newell’s Inkfish ocean-exploration research organization. It currently holds the records for the deepest crewed dives in all five oceans. Limiting Factor was commissioned by Victor Vescovo for $37 million. It is commercially certified by DNV for dives to full ocean depth, and is operated by a pilot, with facilities for an observer.

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  40. Jamieson, Alan J.; Bond, Todd; Vescovo, Victor (26 January 2022). "No recovery of a large-scale anthropogenic sediment disturbance on the Pacific seafloor after 77 years at 6460 m depth". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 175 (113374): 113374. Bibcode:2022MarPB.17513374J. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113374. PMID   35092933. S2CID   246342037 . Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  41. Bruun, Anton FR. (20 October 1951). "The Philippine Trench and its Bottom Fauna". Nature. 168 (4277): 692–693. Bibcode:1951Natur.168..692B. doi:10.1038/168692b0. S2CID   4121630 . Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  42. Jamieson, Alan (2015). The Hadal Zone: Life in the Deepest Oceans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139061384. ISBN   978-1-139-06138-4.
  43. Quentin, John (2021). The Galathea Legacy and the Vernadsky Ultimatum. Bibliogenics Ltd. ISBN   9781916135642.
  44. Jamieson, Alan J.; Malkocs, Tamas; Piertney, Stuart B.; Fujii, Toyonobu; Zhang, Zulin (2017). "Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 1 (3): 0051. doi:10.1038/s41559-016-0051. hdl: 2164/9142 . ISSN   2397-334X. PMID   28812719. S2CID   9192602.
  45. Linley, Thomas D.; Gerringer, Mackenzie E.; Yancey, Paul H.; Drazen, Jeffrey C.; Weinstock, Chloe L.; Jamieson, Alan J. (2016). "Fishes of the hadal zone including new species, in situ observations and depth records of Liparidae". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 114: 99–110. Bibcode:2016DSRI..114...99L. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.05.003 .
  46. Jamieson, A. J.; Brooks, L. S. R.; Reid, W. D. K.; Piertney, S. B.; Narayanaswamy, B. E.; Linley, T. D. (2019). "Microplastics and synthetic particles ingested by deep-sea amphipods in six of the deepest marine ecosystems on Earth". Royal Society Open Science. 6 (2): 180667. Bibcode:2019RSOS....680667J. doi:10.1098/rsos.180667. ISSN   2054-5703. PMC   6408374 . PMID   30891254.
  47. Weston, Johanna N. J.; Carrillo-Barragan, Priscilla; Linley, Thomas D.; Reid, William D. K.; Jamieson, Alan J. (5 March 2020). "New species of Eurythenes from hadal depths of the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean (Crustacea: Amphipoda)". Zootaxa. 4748 (1): 163–181. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.1.9 . ISSN   1175-5334. PMID   32230092.
  48. Alexander, Nicolas (2020). "Meet the newly discovered ocean species: plastic".
  49. Jamieson, Alan (founder) Linley, Thom (co-host) (1 April 2020). The Deep Sea Podcast (audio) (Podcast). Armatus Oceanic.
  50. Jamieson, Alan (founder) Linley, Thom (co-host) (2 July 2021). Submarine Special (audio) (Podcast). Armatus Oceanic. Event occurs at 65 minutes.

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