Almondbury Community School bullying incident

Last updated

Almondbury Community School bullying incident
Date25 October 2018
Location Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England

A sixteen-year-old youth was shown on video assaulting a fifteen-year-old Syrian refugee boy in a playground attack in Almondbury, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. The attack took place at Almondbury Community School on 25 October 2018; the headmaster condemned the attack once it had received nationwide media attention.

Contents

On 22 July 2021 Tommy Robinson, activist and founder of English Defence League, was found to have libelled the Syrian boy and was ordered to pay £100,000 plus legal costs, which were understood to amount to a further £500,000. An injunction was also granted to stop Robinson from repeating the libel. After breaching that injunction, Robinson was sentenced to 18 months in prison in October 2024.

Assaults on Syrian refugees

The clip shows the victim, with his arm in a cast, being dragged to the floor by his neck as his attacker says "I'll drown you" and "what are you saying now" on a school playing field, while forcing water from a bottle into the victim's mouth, simulating waterboarding. [1] The video was filmed in a lunch break. The clip shows the victim walking away, without reacting, as the attacker and others can be heard continuing to verbally abuse him. [2]

The victim, a Syrian refugee, had previously suffered a broken wrist; this had also been investigated by the police, who had interviewed three youths but took no further action. [3] No further action was taken "as the evidential test required to prosecute was not met". [4]

Subsequently, a separate video emerged of a girl, reportedly the younger sister of the Syrian refugee, also being assaulted in the school playground. [5] Previously a girl forcibly removed the girl's hijab; the attacker was excluded from the school over the incident. [6]

Director of Advocacy at the Refugee Council, Lisa Doyle said: "The idea that someone escapes war and brutality, only to be met with violence here, is truly awful." [1] The headmaster condemned the attack once it had received nationwide media attention. [7]

Victim

The victim, originally from Homs, had spent nearly half his life as a refugee in Lebanon before being resettled by the British government in Huddersfield. Jamal said bullying at Almondbury Community School had only increased since footage of the October attack went viral and had escalated into threats at his home. [8]

Previous pleas for assistance

Huddersfield MP, Barry Sheerman, said that the 15-year-old victim came to his office in late October asking for help: "The young man himself turned up at my office and told me he was being bullied and appealed for my help". [9] Sheerman reported the allegations to Jacqui Gedman, the leader of Kirklees Council and to Steve Walker, the Head of Children's Services. [10]

Almondbury's Conservative councillor, Bernard McGuin, revealed Jamal wrote to authorities in a desperate plea for help three weeks before the filmed attack. In the email entitled "complaint: please help me", the youngster said he had been subjected to bullying since he joined the school two years ago in year 9 and listed "incidents and allegations" at the school. [11] McGuin contacted safeguarding officers at the local authority and said: "The school only took action when authority figures got involved" – this has been denied by the Headmaster. [4]

Suspect

A 16-year-old boy was interviewed by West Yorkshire Police, [12] and reported for summons for an offence of assault.

The suspect had shared numerous posts from far-right social media accounts. [13] The suspect's mother had previously been prosecuted over racist behaviour. [14] The mother's case reached court in November 2017, where she admitted racially aggravated threatening behaviour and was fined. [15] [ better source needed ] The mother had been quizzed over a second suspected racist attack after calling a chip shop owner a 'terrorist' in July 2018.[ citation needed ] The suspect's brother was jailed after a far-right Britain First rally erupted in violence and served a 32-month sentence for a public order offence. [16] The suspect's brother, a Huddersfield Town fan, was subsequently jailed for 20 weeks and banned from all football for 8 years for an unprovoked attack on a Halifax Town supporter. [17] [16]

Tommy Robinson, activist and founder of English Defence League, interviewed the 16-year-old suspect following the incident. Robinson, may have breached court orders preventing the naming of the alleged perpetrator in several videos on Facebook and Instagram, including one that has been viewed more than 150,000 times. The former Chief Prosecutor for the north-west, Nazir Afzal contacted the police and said that posting material naming the boy was unlawful. [18]

Aftermath

On 27 November 2018, protesters took part in a peaceful demonstration outside the school, organised by the Huddersfield Pakistani Community Alliance. [19] The victim, identified as Jamal, told The Guardian that he and his sister did not wish to return to school, and a solicitor representing the family indicated they were considering moving away from the area. [19]

Jamal said: "I cannot go to my school anymore and there are people who hang around outside my house and video me on their phones. They call me 'little rat' if I go outside. One of my neighbours threatened me outside my house just yesterday." [20]

Jamal asked people not to attack his alleged bully, and said that he was alarmed by the violent threats being made online towards the alleged attacker. [21]

In February 2019, it was reported that owing to continued xenophobic threats against Jamal's family and against other Syrian families in Huddersfield, and a failure to protect the families against these threats, Jamal's family decided leave the area for their own safety. [22]

A fundraising page for the victim's family had received more than £150,000. [23] More than 100,000 people signed a petition calling on the Prime Minister to launch an inquiry into rising hate crime and racist bullying in British schools following the incident. [24]

Home Secretary, Sajid Javid, said he had initially written a personal note to Jamal, and later met with him and his family. [25] Javid said he was victim of racist bullying at school and that seeing the video brought back memories. [26] MP Tobias Ellwood was among those to share the footage, writing online: "Absolute disgrace – Please retweet. This bully, his parents, the school where this occurs and the onlookers who fail to step in, all have big questions to answer". [27] [8]

Ofsted inspection

The school faced an emergency inspection by Ofsted when Government inspectors made an unannounced visit on 6 December 2018. [28] Amanda Spielman, Chief Inspector of Schools, said she was "appalled" by the video and had received complaints over it. [23] [14] Cathy Kirby, Ofsted North East and Yorkshire and Humber Director, said: "We take the safety of pupils very seriously. Where there are concerns about a school’s ability to safeguard pupils, we will not hesitate to inspect". [28]

The school had an Ofsted monitoring visit in September 2018, and a previous inspection of the school in June 2017 had found that it required improvement. [29] [30]

False claims

Tommy Robinson used photos taken from a 2017 article about a teenage cancer patient from Surrey [13] to claim incorrectly that the Syrian refugee had previously attacked two schoolgirls. [21] Hours after spreading the claims during two Facebook live broadcasts, Robinson admitted to his followers that he had helped spread fake news. Saying that he had been duped, he said: "I have been completely had, how embarrassing man". [31] The mother of a girl who had been alleged to have been attacked, posted to Robinson's Facebook page that Jamal was not the attacker. [32]

The Syrian refugee family's lawyers, Farooq Bajwa & Co, issued a letter to Robinson stating "We wish to place you on notice that our client intends to pursue legal action against you in respect of these contents of these publications and you will shortly be receiving formal pre-action correspondence in this respect". [31] CNN International reported Robinson had deleted the videos and admitted to posting a fake photograph falsely purporting to show violence by a Muslim gang. [33]

Robinson's supporters said that the letter warning about legal action "blocked" free speech. The lawyer responded by stating that Robinson "is being held to account for lying about a child" and "thinks it is a good idea to defame this 15-year-old boy and accuse him of being the author of his own bullying. It is actually sickening." [34]

Facebook protects prominent figures such as Robinson from normal rules of moderation that would usually see a page removed after posting content that violates its rules. Solicitors have suggested that Facebook was therefore responsible for Robinson's posts and had given him "special treatment [that] seems to be financially driven." [20]

Libel trial

On 21 April 2021, the libel trial Hijazi v Yaxley-Lennon started at Royal Courts of Justice in London. Robinson (real name Yaxley-Lennon) chose to represent himself. Catrin Evans QC, representing Jamal Hijazi, told the court that Robinson's comments "turned Jamal into the aggressor, and the bully into a righteous white knight". The trial heard evidence from former pupils, all five of whom supported the defendant Lennon; the judge disbelieved them. [35]

On 22 July 2021, Robinson was found to have libelled the boy and was ordered to pay £100,000 plus legal costs, [36] which are understood to amount to a further £500,000. An injunction was also granted to stop Robinson from repeating the libel. [37] Robinson, who represented himself during the four-day trial, said he was "gobsmacked" by the costs the boy's lawyers were claiming, which he said included £70,000 for taking witness statements. He added: "I’ve not got any money. I’m bankrupt. I’ve struggled hugely with my own issues these last 12 months … I ain’t got it." [36]

In May 2023, Robinson's film Silenced was released. In the film, he repeats his defamatory claims about the boy. [38] [39] He depicts the incident and the resulting fallout as a "story about how the law is being manipulated and exploited by the far left and Islamists to destroy the lives of anyone who speaks out against the so-called progressive, so-called liberal narrative." Sam Doak of Logically Facts wrote that the film's release "invites potential legal jeopardy". [39] Robinson was due to appear at a High Court hearing on 29 July 2024 after being accused of contempt of court for making the film, but instead fled the country. [40] An arrest warrant was issued after he left the country, to be enacted in October should he fail to appear at a follow-up hearing. [41] Ahead of that hearing on 28 October 2024 at Woolwich Crown Court, [42] Robinson was held in custody after handing himself in to Folkestone police station on 25 October. [43] In court, Robinson admitted contempt of court by repeating false allegations about a Syrian refugee. [44] He was sentenced to 18 months in prison. [45] [46]

Other incidents

In November 2018, a third video emerged which showed an assault of a young girl that was filmed by pupils in what appears to be a pre-arranged fight. It shows youngsters at the school gathered round on the driveway beside the playing fields, encouraging two girls to fight. [47]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killing of Muhammad al-Durrah</span> 2000 shooting of a Palestinian boy in the Gaza Strip

On 30 September 2000, the second day of the Second Intifada, 12-year-old Muhammad al-Durrah was killed at the Netzarim Junction in the Gaza Strip during widespread protests and riots across the Palestinian territories against Israeli military occupation. Jamal al-Durrah and his son Muhammad were filmed by Talal Abu Rahma, a Palestinian television cameraman freelancing for France 2, as they were caught in crossfire between the Israeli military and Palestinian security forces. Footage shows them crouching behind a concrete cylinder, the boy crying and the father waving, then a burst of gunfire and dust. Muhammad is shown slumping as he is mortally wounded by gunfire, dying soon after.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HM Prison Belmarsh</span> Mens prison in Thamesmead, London, England

His Majesty's Prison Belmarsh is a Category A men's prison in Thamesmead, southeast London, England. The prison is used for high-profile cases, particularly those concerning national security. Within the grounds is the High Security Unit (HSU), which consists of 48 single cells. It is run by His Majesty's Prison Service. The prison has been called "Britain's Guantanamo Bay" due to the long-term detention of terrorism suspects without charge. Considered the toughest prison in the UK, Belmarsh is also notoriously known as "Hellmarsh" due to the high number of physical and authority abuses reported by both the prison's inmates, and by human rights activists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Huddersfield (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom

Huddersfield is a constituency in West Yorkshire represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Harpreet Uppal of the Labour Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Almondbury</span> Village in West Yorkshire, England

Almondbury is a village 2 miles (3.2 km) south-east of Huddersfield town centre in the Kirklees district, of West Yorkshire, England. The population of Almondbury in 2001 was 7,368 increasing to 18,346 at the 2011 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pimlico Academy</span> Academy in Westminster, London, England

Pimlico Academy is a mixed-sex education secondary school and sixth form with academy status, located in the Pimlico area of Westminster in London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hill View Academy</span> Academy in Almondbury, West Yorkshire, England

Hill View Academy is a 3–11 mixed primary school with academy status in Almondbury, West Yorkshire, England. It is part of the Impact Education Multi Academy Trust.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Syrian civil war</span> Multi-sided war in Syria (2011–present)

The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors. In March 2011, popular discontent with the rule of Bashar al-Assad triggered large-scale protests and pro-democracy rallies across Syria, as part of the wider Arab Spring protests in the region. After months of crackdown by the government's security apparatus, various armed rebel groups such as the Free Syrian Army began forming across the country, marking the beginning of the Syrian insurgency. By mid-2012, the crisis had escalated into a full-blown civil war.

Refugees of the Syrian civil war are citizens and permanent residents of Syria who have fled the country in the course of the Syrian civil war. The pre-war population of the Syrian Arab Republic was estimated at 22 million (2017), including permanent residents. Of that number, the United Nations (UN) identified 13.5 million (2016) as displaced persons in need of humanitarian assistance. Since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011 more than six million (2016) were internally displaced, and around five million (2016) crossed into other countries, seeking asylum or placement in Syrian refugee camps. It is believed to be one of the world's largest refugee crises.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tommy Robinson</span> British far-right activist (born 1982)

Stephen Christopher Yaxley-Lennon, better known as Tommy Robinson, is a British anti-Islam campaigner and one of the UK's most prominent far-right activists. Since 28 October 2024, he has been serving an 18-month prison sentence for contempt of court.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nazir Afzal</span> British solicitor (born 1962)

Nazir Afzal is a British solicitor and former prosecutor within the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jo Cox</span> British politician (1974–2016)

Helen Joanne Cox was a British politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Batley and Spen from May 2015 until her murder in June 2016. She was a member of the Labour Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murder of Jo Cox</span> 2016 murder of a UK member of parliament

On 16 June 2016, Jo Cox, a British Labour Party politician and Member of Parliament (MP) for Batley and Spen, died after being shot and stabbed multiple times in Birstall, West Yorkshire. In November 2016, 53-year-old Thomas Alexander Mair was found guilty of her murder and other offences connected to the killing in an act of terrorism. The judge concluded that Mair wanted to advance white supremacy and exclusive nationalism most associated with Nazism and its modern forms. He was sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order.

The Syrian Vulnerable Person Resettlement Programme, sometimes referred to as a RelocationScheme, is a programme of the United Kingdom government that plans to resettle 20 000 Syrian refugees from refugee camps in Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Egypt and Turkey over the period from September 2015 to May 2020. It was first announced in January 2014 and in September 2015 the expansion to 20,000 refugees was made. It is run in partnership between the UK Home Office, the Department for International Development, the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government and NGOs such as Refugee Action. Only 2,659 Syrian refugees were resettled through the programme by the end of June 2016. The National Audit Office estimated the Programme's cost at £1,112 million. Syrians are only granted 5 years humanitarian protection and not indefinite leave to remain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Donorbox</span> American crowdfunding platform

Donorbox is a technology company headquartered in San Francisco, California. Established in 2014, the company provides an online fundraising platform enabling individuals and nonprofit organizations to facilitate online donations. The platform is utilized by various types of organizations, including charities, religious institutions, schools, animal welfare groups, political campaigns, among others.

The Huddersfield grooming gang was a group of men who were convicted of sexual offences against girls in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom. It is the largest gang ever convicted for sexual abuse in the United Kingdom. The offences took place between 2004 and 2011, and the men were charged following the Operation Tendersea inquiry by the police. The trials began in April 2017 and 20 men were convicted in 2018 in three separate trials. Since then, further men have been convicted in a series of trials, bringing the total number of perpetrators convicted to 41 by August 2021.

In May 2018, Matthew Hedges, a British doctoral student who was in the United Arab Emirates for a two-week research trip, was arrested at Dubai International Airport on suspicion of spying on behalf of the British government. In November 2018, Hedges was sentenced to life imprisonment in the United Arab Emirates on charges of espionage in state security.

Shamima Begum is a British-born woman who entered Syria to join the Islamic State at the age of 15. As of 2024, she is living in al-Roj detention camp in Syria.

Sasha Wass KC is a British judge, prosecutor and defender.

Mohammed Tasnime Akunjee is a British criminal law and human rights lawyer, and a political commentator. He specializes in terrorism and related fields, and his notable works includes the 2019 defamation case against Tommy Robinson, the Almondbury Community School bullying incident, and the citizenship deprivation case between the British government and Shamima Begum. In January 2024, he declared intention to run as an Independent candidate for a Member of Parliament for the newly drawn Bethnal Green and Stepney constituency in East London, though he did not do so in the general election that July.

Sir Jeremy Charles Johnson, known in court as Mr Justice Johnson, is a British barrister and justice of the High Court of Justice of England and Wales.

References

  1. 1 2 "Teenager to be charged with assault after 'Syrian refugee' is allegedly attacked at Huddersfield school". The Daily Telegraph . London. 28 November 2018. Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  2. ↑ "Huddersfield school refugee 'attack' video: Boy, 16, to be charged". BBC News.
  3. ↑ Morris, Georgina (28 November 2018). "Boy, 16, to appear before youth court after video of assault on Syrian refugee at Almondbury Community School goes viral". Yorkshire Evening Post . Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  4. 1 2 Parveen, Nazia (5 December 2018). "Syrian schoolboy 'suffered years of abuse' in Huddersfield school". The Guardian . Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  5. ↑ "New footage emerges of 'sister of bullied Syrian refugee' being attacked at school". Evening Standard . London. 28 November 2018. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  6. ↑ Parveen, Nazia (28 November 2018). "Family of bullied Syrian schoolboy considering leaving Huddersfield". The Guardian . Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  7. ↑ "Message from headteacher to parents". Almondburycs.org.uk. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  8. 1 2 "'They think I'm different:' Horrific video shows Syrian boy being choked on a school field". The Washington Post . 29 November 2018. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  9. ↑ Day, Aasma (29 November 2018). "Exclusive: Syrian Boy Who Was Victim of Alleged Attack Begged MP For Help Against Bullies". HuffPost . Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  10. ↑ Miller, Alex (31 July 2018). "£100k directors hired by Kirklees Council". Dewsbury Reporter. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  11. ↑ Drury, Colin (1 December 2018). "Syrian refugee attacked at Huddersfield school asks people not to threaten alleged bully" . The Independent . Archived from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  12. ↑ "UPDATE: Assault, Almondbury Community School, Huddersfield". West Yorkshire Police . Archived from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  13. 1 2 "Syrian refugee attack: Family plan to sue Tommy Robinson over allegations against teenage victim" . The Independent . 30 November 2018. Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  14. 1 2 Alibhai, Zaina (2 December 2018). "School attended by Syrian refugee filmed being bullied faces emergency Ofsted inspection". iNews . Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  15. ↑ Cardy, Phil (2 December 2018). "Mum of 'bully' accused of waterboarding refugee boy is a convicted racist". The Sunday People . Archived from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  16. 1 2 Cooper, Louise (16 February 2018). "Huddersfield Town fan jailed for 'unprovoked attack' on teenagers". Examiner Live . Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  17. ↑ "Huddersfield fan jailed for unprovoked attack on Halifax fans". ITV . 16 February 2017. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  18. ↑ Parveen, Nazia (6 December 2018). "Tommy Robinson threatened with legal action over 'bully' video". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  19. 1 2 Parveen, Nazia (30 November 2018). "Bullied Syrian refugee says he will not return to Huddersfield school". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  20. 1 2 Halliday, Josh (21 January 2019). "Bullied Syrian schoolboy to sue Facebook over Tommy Robinson claims". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  21. 1 2 Parveen, Nazia (30 November 2018). "'Waterboarded' Syrian refugee's sister attempted suicide after headscarf attack". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  22. ↑ Nazia Parveen (3 February 2019). "Family of bullied Syrian boy forced to move after threats". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  23. 1 2 Griffiths, Sam (2 December 2018). "Almondbury, the school in Jamal bully video, faces Ofsted inspection". The Times . Archived from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.
  24. ↑ "More than 100,000 demand inquiry into hate crime in UK schools". Al Jazeera. 4 December 2018. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  25. ↑ "Sajid Javid tweet – 'Honoured to meet Jamal..'". Archived from the original on 18 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  26. ↑ Hymas, Charles (3 December 2018). "Sajid Javid reveals he was victim of racist bullying at school like Syrian refugee attacked in Yorkshire". The Daily Telegraph . London. Archived from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  27. ↑ "'Syrian refugee' bullied in shocking video: Huge outpouring of support for Huddersfield schoolboy as well-wishers donate over £30,000". Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  28. 1 2 Sutcliffe, Robert (6 December 2018). "Inspectors make emergency visit to crisis-hit Almondbury School". Examiner Live. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  29. ↑ "Huddersfield refugee 'attack' school inspected". BBC News. 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  30. ↑ "Ofstead Inspection Report – Almondbury Community School, June 2017". Ofsted . June 2017. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  31. 1 2 "Tommy Robinson admits he shared 'fake news' about Muslims attacking boy at school where Syrian refugee was filmed being bullied". Evening Standard . London. 30 November 2018. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  32. ↑ Parveen, Nazia (30 November 2018). "Syrian Huddersfield boy asks people not to attack his alleged bully". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
  33. ↑ "Far-right activist Tommy Robinson removes videos after legal threat". CNN International . 30 November 2018. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  34. ↑ Day, Aasma (3 December 2018). "Lawyer Suing Tommy Robinson on Behalf of Syrian Refugee Dismisses Claims He Is Blocking Free Speech". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  35. ↑ "IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE QUEEN'S BENCH DIVISION MEDIA & COMMUNICATIONS LIST" (PDF). www.judiciary.uk. 22 July 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  36. 1 2 "Tommy Robinson loses libel case brought by Syrian schoolboy". The Guardian. 22 July 2021. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  37. ↑ "Tommy Robinson loses Jamal Hijazi libel case". BBC News. 22 July 2021. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
    - "Hijazi -v- Yaxley-Lennon Approved Judgment" (PDF). Courts & Tribunals Judiciary. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
  38. ↑ "Around The World In 80 Lies: The Story of Tommy Robinson's Libels, Lies and Luxury Lifestyle". Hope Not Hate . 11 July 2023. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  39. 1 2 Doak, Sam (8 June 2023). "Lights, camera, actionable libel: A look into far-right activist Tommy Robinson's new film". Logically Facts . Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  40. ↑ "Tommy Robinson flees UK amid contempt of court proceedings". The Guardian. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  41. ↑ Casciani, Dominic (29 July 2024). "Tommy Robinson leaves UK on eve of court case". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  42. ↑ Casciani, Dominic (28 August 2024). "Tommy Robinson: Activist facing contempt of court allegations". BBC News . Retrieved 15 October 2024.
  43. ↑ Weaver, Matthew (25 October 2024). "Tommy Robinsons held in custody ahead of far-right march in London". Guardian. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  44. ↑ "Tommy Robinson admits contempt of court over false claims about refugee". Guardian. Reuters. 28 October 2024. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  45. ↑ de Wolfe, Danielle (28 October 2024). "'Nobody is above the law': Tommy Robinson jailed for 18 months after admitting 10 breaches of contempt of court". LBC. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  46. ↑ Quinn, Ben (28 October 2024). "Tommy Robinson jailed for 18 months after admitting contempt of court". Guardian. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  47. ↑ Lavigueur, Nick (30 November 2018). "Is behaviour at Almondbury Community School out of control? Third video emerges of fight on fields". Examiner Live. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.