Nazir Afzal

Last updated

Nazir Afzal
OBE
IvsOiqYz.jpg
Afzal in 2016
Born1962 (age 61–62)
Birmingham, England
Alma mater University of Birmingham
University of Law
OccupationSolicitor
Employer(s) University of Manchester
Hopwood Hall College
Crown Prosecution Service
Children4
Website www.nazirafzal.co.uk OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

Nazir Afzal OBE (born October 1962, Birmingham) [1] [2] is a British solicitor and former prosecutor within the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS).

Contents

Afzal spent most of his career in the CPS, rising to be Chief Crown Prosecutor for North West England in 2011, a role he held until leaving the CPS in 2015. [3] [4] [5] In April 2016 he was appointed chief executive of the Association of Police and crime commissioners; he resigned immediately after the May 2017 Manchester Arena bombing so that he could comment freely on the attack. [6] [7] [8] He was appointed Chancellor of the University of Manchester in 2022, succeeding Lemn Sissay on August 1. [9]

In October 2017 he became a member of the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO) Complaints Committee. [10] [11] In 2018, he became the Chair of the Corporation Board at Hopwood Hall College in Rochdale, Greater Manchester. [12] [13] He is a Muslim, with views in favour of women's rights and against forced marriage, female genital mutilation and so-called honour killings. [14] [15]

Early life and education

Afzal was born in Birmingham, his parents having emigrated from Pakistan. His father and his father's family worked for generations in catering for the British Army, and one of his relatives was killed by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) at the height of The Troubles in Northern Ireland. [16] His family is of Sindhi ethnicity. [2]

He grew up with seven siblings in a two-up two-down in Small Heath. [17] He was bullied and racially abused throughout his childhood; those around him saw no point in reporting the incidents to the police. [17] Following a racially-motivated attack, aged 13, his father told him "The Police are not interested in you [...] there is no justice". Afzal states that with this incident came the realisation that racism "wasn't something I had to put up with. And I certainly wasn't going to spend the rest of my life running from abusers". [18]

Afzal obtained his law degree from the University of Birmingham before attending The College of Law in Guildford, where he developed his interest in criminal law. [19]

Career

Early career

Afzal worked as a solicitor in Birmingham from 1988 until moving to London in 1991, where he became a Crown Prosecutor.

The first time one of Afzal's cases reached the national news was in August 1992, when the culprits were two supermarket employees who, following a works trip to the seaside, had sex in a crowded train back to London, and then lit up cigarettes in a no-smoking carriage. Afzal successfully prosecuted them for committing an indecent act and for smoking where not permitted to do so. [20] [21] This case was cited by an American academic in attempting to understand the British culture of tact. [22]

Another notable prosecution in his early career was that of serial killer Colin Ireland. [23] [24]

In 2001, he became the youngest person, and first Muslim, to be appointed as assistant Chief Crown Prosecutor. [25]

Chief Crown Prosecutor

In 2011, he was appointed North West Chief Crown Prosecutor covering Greater Manchester, Cumbria and Lancashire. At that point in his career, he made it clear that prosecutors are public figures and should be out there engaging with the people, explaining themselves via the media." [17] As one of the 13 chief crown prosecutors that cover England and Wales, he was responsible for over 100,000 prosecutions a year and managed 800 lawyers and paralegals. [2] [14]

Afzal addressing law students at Salford University in 2012 Nazir Afzal OBE.jpg
Afzal addressing law students at Salford University in 2012

When he was promoted and moved to Manchester in 2011 he faced several high-profile cases, one involving a man killed while committing an aggravated burglary in which Afzal decided that the householder acted in reasonable self-defence. [26] Afzal's team were responsible for the swift prosecution of that summer's looters, [27] [28] a judicial response described by an academic as "shock and awe". [29] The Stepping Hill Hospital poisoning incident occurred that autumn, [30] and 2011 closed with the unprovoked murder of a student from India. [31] In 2012 he successfully prosecuted Dale Cregan, who was convicted of four murders (including that of two police officers) and three attempted murders, for which he was sentenced to a whole life order. [32] [33]

Violence, control, and gender

Afzal is best known for tackling cases involving violence against women and the sexual exploitation of children; the New York Times called him "Britain’s go-to prosecutor" for these areas. [14] Until 2004, he had not been aware of forced marriages and honour crimes happening in the UK, but he was approached by a group of women with compelling testimony. They asked him to use his position to investigate, so he held a conference on the issues and set up a national database, cataloguing dozens of instances of potential crimes. [14] 2005 saw the "honour" killing of Samaira Nazir by her brother and cousin; as area director for the CPS, [34] Afzal was responsible for the prosecution of her relatives, and described the beliefs that led to her murder as "tragic and outdated". [35] He thought that such traditional attitudes would die out with the older immigrant generation, but by 2008, by which time he was the CPS's lead on honour-based violence, he realised that young men held the same controlling beliefs about "family honour" and "purity", and that education needed to start with primary school children to challenge this. [36] "I have talked to loads of Muslim women and I can tell you that the greatest fear they have is not Islamophobia or being attacked by racists or being arrested on suspicion of terrorism. It is from within their own family." [37]

One of his first decisions on becoming a chief crown prosecutor was to initiate prosecutions in the case of the Rochdale child sex abuse ring, overturning an earlier decision by the CPS. He suggested that "white professionals' over-sensitivity to political correctness and fear of appearing racist may well have contributed to justice being stalled". [2] He said "I do feel that there's a deficit of leadership in some parts of the Muslim community. They could be much more challenging of certain behaviours". [38] He attributed the attacks to "evil men", saying that the key driver was "male power". [38] A New York Times profile said:

Being a man, a practising Muslim and the son of immigrants from the conservative tribal area in northern Sindh of Pakistan might make Mr. Afzal an unlikely feminist in the eyes of some. But that is how he describes himself — and his gender, he said, is by far his biggest asset. "Women have been talking about these issues for a long time," he said. "I'm not the first person to take up this fight in this country, I’m just the first man, and that makes it a lot easier. I come from these communities. I understand their patriarchal nature. I can challenge them," he continued. "And because I am a man, the men in the community are more likely to listen to me." [14]

Afzal's work against grooming gangs led to criticism from "members of the Asian community" and a campaign by the far right to have him sacked and deported. [38] Despite his actions being the catalyst for the successful prosecution of the Rochdale child sex abuse ring, he was targeted by the English Defence League and door-stepped by Nick Griffin, causing him to need police protection. [39] Regarding far-right campaigns to deport Afzal, he reiterated "I was born in Birmingham. They can deport me to Birmingham if they want to", and said "I think if you are getting it from both sides, you are probably getting something right." [38]

He used his position to stress that abusers were found in all communities, and that the vast majority of paedophiles in Britain are white. [40] In May 2013, he was responsible for the prosecution of former BBC presenter Stuart Hall, who was convicted of multiple sexual offences against girls and women. [41] He promised to turn the attention of the CPS to forced marriage in the Traveller community, which he claimed was rife. [40] Afzal put forward the theory, also proposed by Rochdale's then-MP Simon Danczuk, that one explanation for the profile of the town's abusers was the prevalence of Pakistani-origin men in the night-time economy, i.e. as taxi drivers and workers in take-away shops. [38]

After the CPS

In March 2015 it was reported that Afzal was leaving the CPS. A CPS spokesman said "Nazir Afzal is leaving the service as part of [an] on-going drive for efficiency" and that "there has been no impropriety on the part of Mr Afzal". [42]

Once he left the CPS, Afzal began to speak even more widely, and found a large audience for his messages, that violence against women infects all communities, that authorities are still unwilling to believe the victims, and that there is a deficit of leadership in the British Muslim community. [15] "Having prosecuted perpetrators from more than 60 countries and [dealt with] victims from more than 50 countries, I know there isn't any community where women and girls are safe. It's a power thing and power sadly infects every community and therefore our responsibility has to begin with listening to victims and survivors." [43] He draws parallels between the way gangs groom children for sexual exploitation and the way Islamists lure young people into radicalisation. Both prey on young people who feel unwanted, unloved and are more likely to be open to manipulation, Afzal argued. He explained that strategies to target radicalisation had to appeal more to young people and called for more community-led efforts to combat the forces of radicalisation. [16]

Afzal became chief executive of the Association of Police and Crime Commissioners in 2016. [5] He resigned from this post, which restricted his political expression, [44] immediately after the Manchester Arena bombing in May 2017 in order to express his views on the topical BBC television programme Question Time . [45]

In 2017 he joined the Complaints Committee of the Independent Press Standards Organisation as its first BAME member. [46] In January 2018 he was appointed, alongside Yasmin Khan of the Halo Project, as an advisor to the Welsh government on issues around violence against women, [47] promising "to make Wales one of the safest places in Europe to be a woman." [43] He often speaks and writes about how much depends on the undervalued leadership of women in small charities, working to combat gender-based problems and extremism in their own communities. [48]

In September 2018 he became Chair of the Corporation Board of Hopwood Hall College. [13] Previous education positions included a Pro-Vice Chancellorship of the University of West London. [49] [50] He is Honorary Lecturer in law at University of Manchester and Pro-Chancellor at Brunel University, London. In August 2022 he took up the role of Chancellor of the University of Manchester, succeeding Lemn Sissay. [9]

In December 2018, Afzal contacted the police in relation to English Defence League founder Tommy Robinson's interview with the 16-year-old alleged perpetrator of assaults on Syrian refugees at Almondbury Community School. Afzal stated that posting material naming the boy after he had been charged was an unlawful breech of reporting restrictions. [51]

Since May 2021, he has been chair of the Catholic Safeguarding Standards Agency (CSSA), the professional body for safeguarding in the Catholic Church in England and Wales. [52] [53]

LGBT education in schools

In 2019, Parkfield Community School in Birmingham asked Afzal to mediate the issue on LGBT inclusive education. Some parents began protesting over the inclusion, fearing that adding lessons that include gay people were "promoting LGBT ways of life." The school argued that such education prevented homophobia. After analyzing the issue in depth, Afzal concluded that removing LGBT inclusion from education did “no service at all and no good at all." He also stated that school environments should be used “as somewhere they can learn things that they wouldn’t learn anywhere else”. He also warned that failing to teach children properly about sex and relationships could possibly lead to them being exploited by grooming gangs. [54] Afzal stated that he feared some parents were being manipulated by outsiders with a different agenda. He said, "I have examined the curriculum myself and there is no specific LGBT content, no reference to gay sex, none at all - there is reference, as there should be, to equality." [55]

Criticism of government cuts

Afzal has been an outspoken critic of government cuts to the Crown Prosecution Service and Ministry of Justice. He stated that a tipping point had been reached in 2015: cuts would lead to a reduction in the number of senior staff, which would force the junior staff members to do more and more with less resources while being under increasing scrutiny. [56] He claimed the cuts were one of the reasons that he decided to leave the CPS. [57] In 2019, he said the cuts and other lack of resources were responsible for a drastic fall in rape prosecutions and convictions, leading to him to conclude that rape has "effectively been decriminalised." [58]

In 2019 Afzal revealed that he had met with Boris Johnson in 2016, before he was prime minister. Afzal warned Johnson that government cutbacks meant that incarcerated terrorists were being released early; however, these individuals remained radicalised and thus were likely to commit acts of terror again. Afzal urged Johnson to increased funding for efforts to de-radicalise these prisoners, but he was told that such funding would not be available. Afzal revealed the conversation after Johnson, then as Prime Minister, criticized the policy of early release for terrorists in August 2019. [59]

Honours and awards

Afzal was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2005 New Year Honours. [60] The Manchester Evening News reported that Afzal had received the CPS Public Servant of the Year award, the UK Government's Justice Award and the Daily Mirror newspaper People's Award, the Law Society/Bar Council Mentoring award and was selected for the Asian Power 100, along with the Muslim Power 100 list. [61]

Afzal was appointed a Fellow of the University of Central Lancashire in 2013 for "raising public awareness of domestic violence, forced marriage and 'honour' based crimes". [62]

In January 2013, Afzal was awarded the Services to Law award at the British Muslim Awards. [63] He was named Legal Personality of the Year by the Society of Asian Lawyers. [61]

He received honorary doctorates in Law from the University of Birmingham in 2014, [64] [65] from the University of Manchester in 2017 [66] and the University of Leicester in 2019. [67] [68]

When he was director of the Crown Prosecution Service for London West, the TV police procedural Law & Order: UK used him "for guidance on plot lines and realism" and designed the set to mimic his office. [17]

The BBC three-part drama Three Girls , based on the Rochdale scandal, was broadcast on consecutive nights 16–18 May 2017 and featured the actor Ace Bhatti playing Afzal. [69] He also served as a consultant on the series.

Personal life

Afzal has been married three times, which he describes humorously as "multifaith engagement": "First to an Irish Catholic, then to an Indian Hindu and then to a British Sikh." He has one daughter and three sons and is a practising Muslim. [14]

In May 2020, Afzal's brother died due to COVID-19, and UK rules meant Afzal was unable to go to the funeral. [70]

Afzal's memoir "The Prosecutor", [23] [71] published in April 2020, was described by Richard Scorer in the New Law Journal as "an inspiring account of the career of an outstanding public servant". [72] Writing in The Sunday Times , Rosamund Urwin called it a "fast-paced memoir" which "explores what led him to become a champion of the ignored". [73]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crown Prosecution Service</span> Principal public agency for conducting criminal prosecutions in England and Wales

The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is the principal public agency for conducting criminal prosecutions in England and Wales. It is headed by the Director of Public Prosecutions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyril Smith</span> British politician (1928–2010)

Sir Cyril Richard Smith was a British Liberal Party politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Rochdale from 1972 to 1992.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murder of Samaira Nazir</span> 2005 honour killing in London, England

Samaira Nazir was a 25-year-old British Pakistani woman who was murdered by her brother and cousin in an honour killing in Southall, London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green Lane Masjid</span> Former public baths and library complex and current Muslim centre in Birmingham

Green Lane Masjid & Community Centre (GLMCC), is a mosque in Birmingham. It has been a registered charity in England since 2008. The Masjid occupies a prominent corner site in Green Lane, Small Heath, Birmingham.

<i>Undercover Mosque</i>

Undercover Mosque is a documentary programme produced by the British independent television company Hardcash Productions for the Channel 4 series Dispatches that was first broadcast on 15 January 2007 in the UK. The documentary presents video footage gathered from 12 months of secret investigation into mosques throughout Britain. The documentary caused a furore in Britain and the world press due to the extremist content of the released footage. West Midlands Police investigated whether criminal offences had been committed by those teaching or preaching at the Mosques and other establishments.

Mohammed Shafiq is a British media personality known for his commentary on Islam in the United Kingdom.

CONTEST is the United Kingdom's counter-terrorism strategy, first developed by Sir David Omand and the Home Office in early 2003 as the immediate response to 9/11, and a revised version was made public in 2006. Further revisions were published on 24 March 2009, 11 July 2011 and June 2018. An Annual Report on the implementation of CONTEST was released in March 2010 and in April 2014. The aim of the strategy is "to reduce the risk to the UK and its interests overseas from terrorism so that people can go about their lives freely and with confidence." The success of this strategy is not linked to total elimination of the terrorist threat, but to reducing the threat sufficiently to allow the citizens a normal life free from fear.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Murder of Stephen Oake</span> Murder of a UK police officer

DC Stephen Robin Oake, was a police officer serving as an anti-terrorism detective with Greater Manchester Police in the United Kingdom who was murdered while attempting to arrest a suspected terrorist in Manchester on 14 January 2003.

The Rochdale child sex abuse ring involved underage teenage girls in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England. Nine men were convicted of sex trafficking and other offences including rape, trafficking girls for sex and conspiracy to engage in sexual activity with a child in May 2012. This resulted in Greater Manchester Police launching Operation Doublet and other operations to investigate further claims of abuse. As of January 2024 a total of 42 men had been convicted resulting in jail sentences totalling 432 years. Forty-seven girls were identified as victims of child sexual exploitation during the initial police investigation. The men were British Pakistanis, which led to discussion on whether the failure to investigate them was linked to the authorities' fear of being accused of racial prejudice. The girls were mainly White British.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ibrahim Mogra</span>

Ibrahim Mogra is an imam from Leicester and former Assistant Secretary General of the Muslim Council of Britain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal</span> Organised child sexual abuse scandal in Rotherham, England between the 1970s and 2013

The Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal consists of the organised child sexual abuse that occurred in the town of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, Northern England from the late 1980s until 2013 and the failure of local authorities to act on reports of the abuse throughout most of that period. Researcher Angie Heal, who was hired by local officials and warned them about child exploitation occurring between 2002 and 2007, has since described it as the "biggest child protection scandal in UK history", with one report estimating that 1,400 girls were abused by "grooming gangs". Evidence of the abuse was first noted in the early 1990s, when care home managers investigated reports that children in their care were being picked up by taxi drivers. From at least 2001, multiple reports passed names of alleged perpetrators, several from one family, to the police and Rotherham Council. The first group conviction took place in 2010, when five British-Pakistani men were convicted of sexual offences against girls aged 12–16. From January 2011 Andrew Norfolk of The Times pressed the issue, reporting in 2012 that the abuse in the town was widespread and that the police and council had known about it for over ten years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alison Saunders</span> British barrister

Dame Alison Margaret Saunders, is a British barrister and a former Director of Public Prosecutions. She was the first lawyer from within the Crown Prosecution Service and the second woman to hold the appointment. She was also the second holder of this office not to be a Queen's Counsel. She was previously the Chief Crown Prosecutor for CPS London. Her term of office ended on 31 October 2018. She is now a Partner at the Magic Circle law firm Linklaters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Child sexual abuse in the United Kingdom</span> Overview about child sexual abuse in the United Kingdom

Child sexual abuse in the United Kingdom has been reported in the country throughout its history. In about 90% of cases the abuser is a person known to the child. However, cases during the second half of the twentieth century, involving religious institutions, schools, popular entertainers, politicians, military personnel, and other officials, have been revealed and widely publicised since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Child sexual abuse rings in numerous towns and cities across the UK have also drawn considerable attention.

Operation Doublet is an investigation set up in 2012 by Greater Manchester Police into child sexual exploitation in Rochdale and other areas of Greater Manchester, England. It has resulted in 19 men being jailed for child sexual offences, rape and trafficking.

The Halifax child sex abuse ring was a group of men who committed serious sexual offences against under-aged girls in the English town of Halifax and city of Bradford, West Yorkshire. It was the largest child sexual exploitation investigation in the United Kingdom. In 2016, the perpetrators were found guilty of rape and other crimes in several separate trials at Leeds Crown Court. In total, as many as a hundred men may have been involved in child abuse. Twenty-five suspects were charged by West Yorkshire Police and the Crown Prosecution Service and 18 of these were found guilty, totalling over 175 years of prison time. A further nine men were convicted in February 2019 for grooming two underage girls in Bradford and sentenced to over 130 years in prison. The majority of those charged and later convicted come from the town's Asian community; there were fears that their arrests might impact race relations in the town.

Three Girls is a three-part British television drama series, written by screenwriter Nicole Taylor, and directed by Philippa Lowthorpe, broadcast on three consecutive nights between 16 and 18 May 2017 on BBC One. A co-production between BBC Studios and Studio Lambert, the series is a dramatised version of the events surrounding the Rochdale child sex abuse ring, and describes how the authorities failed to investigate allegations of rape because the victims were perceived as unreliable witnesses, and the local authorities didn’t investigate through fear of being accused of racism because of the ethnicity of the perpetrators.

The No2H8 Crime Awards is a national award ceremony established in 2016 as the National Hate Crime Awards, designed for upstanding individuals who have contributed toward the cohesion of different communities within the UK through the tackling of hatred and prejudice. It is run by a coalition of organisations and was founded by Fiyaz Mughal OBE as a national, annual event. The Chair of the No2H8 Crime Awards is Richard Benson OBE.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Margaret Oliver</span> English detective constable and whistleblower

Margaret Oliver is an English former Detective Constable with the Greater Manchester Police. She is known as a whistleblower for exposing the poor handling of the Rochdale child sex abuse ring case by her own force.

Grace Ononiwu CBE, is a solicitor and Chief Crown Prosecutor, Director of Legal Services at the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) in the UK.

References

  1. ↑ Afzal, Nazir (2020). "Chapter 1". The Prosecutor. Random House. p. 6. ISBN   978-1-4735-7148-8.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Nazir Afzal: how the CPS plans to bring more child abusers to justice". The Guardian . 21 November 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  3. ↑ "Our Chief Crown Prosecutor". Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
  4. ↑ Paul Taylor. "A passion for seeing justice done". Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  5. 1 2 "Nazir Afzal OBE appointed new chief executive - The Association of Police and Crime Commissioners". The Association of Police and Crime Commissioners. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  6. ↑ "Nazir Afzal OBE appointed new chief executive". www.apccs.police.uk.
  7. ↑ "Police chief quit to appear on BBC show". BBC News. 31 May 2017.
  8. ↑ Abbit, Beth (3 July 2017). "Nazir Afzal stands down as chief of police and crime commissioners". men.
  9. 1 2 Anon (2022). "Nazir Afzal is The University of Manchester's new Chancellor". manchester.ac.uk. University of Manchester.
  10. ↑ "IPSO appoints three new members to its Complaints Committee". www.ipso.co.uk. 4 October 2017.
  11. ↑ "Complaints Committee". www.ipso.co.uk.
  12. ↑ "College appoint Nazir Afzal OBE as Chairman of the Corporation Board". www.rochdaleonline.co.uk.
  13. 1 2 "Nazir Afzal is the Chair of Hopwood Hall's Corporation". www.hopwood.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bennhold, Katrin (28 September 2013). "A Muslim Prosecutor in Britain, Fighting Forced Marriages and Honor Crimes". The New York Times . Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  15. 1 2 Norfolk, Andrew (3 June 2017). "Nazir Afzal interview: 'Muslims are offered a cause to die for; I would give them something to live for'". The Times. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  16. 1 2 Afzal, Nazir (8 April 2015). "Nazir Afzal: 'Young people are easily led. Our anti-radicalisation schemes need to be cleverer'". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  17. 1 2 3 4 Taylor, Paul (26 July 2011). "A passion for seeing justice done". men. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  18. ↑ Afzal, Nazir (2020). "Prologue". The Prosecutor. Random House. ISBN   978-1-4735-7148-8.
  19. ↑ Afzal, Nazir (2020). "Chapter 1". The Prosecutor. Random House. pp. 30–32. ISBN   978-1-4735-7148-8.
  20. ↑ Braid, Mary (7 August 1992). "Smoke stirs passengers unmoved by public sex" . The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  21. ↑ "Post-Sex Smoke Taxes Tolerance of Rail Travelers". Los Angeles Times. 8 August 1992.
  22. ↑ Weeks, John R. (2004). Unpopular culture : the ritual of complaint in a British bank . Chicago, Ill.: Univ. of Chicago Press. p.  74. ISBN   978-0226878119.
  23. 1 2 Afzal, Nazir (16 April 2020). The Prosecutor. EBURY PRESS. pp. 66–69. ISBN   978-1-4735-7148-8.
  24. ↑ Haynes, Jane (12 May 2020). "Grooming gangs, racism and death threats - life story of city lawyer". birminghammail.
  25. ↑ Chakelian, Anoosh (27 May 2020). "'We weren't prepared': Grooming ring prosecutor Nazir Afzal on grief and state failings". New Statesman.
  26. ↑ "No prosecution for burglar killer". BBC News. 22 July 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  27. ↑ "CPS statement following sentences in Manchester for looting - CPS News Brief". blog.cps.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  28. ↑ Jones, Sam; Meikle, James (10 August 2011). "UK riots: More than 1,000 arrests strain legal system to the limit". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  29. ↑ Sim, Joe (2012). "'Shock and Awe': Judicial responses to the riots". Criminal Justice Matters. 89: 26–27. doi:10.1080/09627251.2012.721974.
  30. ↑ Evans, Martin (19 May 2015). "Stepping Hill killer nurse Victorino Chua jailed for life" . Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  31. ↑ Carter, Helen (26 July 2012). "Kiaran Stapleton guilty of murdering Anuj Bidve in Salford". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  32. ↑ "Manchester shootings: Dale Cregan charged with four murders" . The Independent. 20 September 2012. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022.
  33. ↑ "Afzal Interview; Channel 4 News - Cregan conviction". YouTube. 13 June 2013.
  34. ↑ "Two given life for honour killing". BBC. 14 July 2006. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  35. ↑ Butt, Riazat (14 July 2006). "'You're not my mother any more,' shouted Samaira. Then her family killed her". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  36. ↑ Brandon, James; Hafez, Salam (2008). Crimes of the Community: Honour-Based Violence in the UK (PDF). Centre for Social Cohesion. p. 117.
  37. ↑ Button, James (2 February 2008). "My family, my killers". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 Gentleman, Amelia (3 September 2014). "Nazir Afzal: 'There is no religious basis for the abuse in Rotherham'". The Guardian . Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  39. ↑ Scheerhout, John (17 May 2017). "Prosecutor who helped bring down grooming gang needed police protection". men.
  40. 1 2 "Nazir Afzal: 'We tackled grooming gangs. Now we have to confront" . The Independent. 21 May 2012. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  41. ↑ "Broadcaster Stuart Hall admits indecent assaults". BBC News. 2 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
  42. ↑ "NW chief prosecutor Nazir Afzal to step down in 'savings push'". BBC News. 7 March 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  43. 1 2 "Pledge to make Wales 'safe for women'". BBC News. 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  44. ↑ Massey, Nina (31 May 2017). "Muslim police chief Nazir Afzal resigns so he can appear on BBC Question Time". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  45. ↑ "Police chief Nazir Afzal quit to appear on Question Time". BBC News. 31 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  46. ↑ "Guest Blog: New member Nazir Afzal on his first Complaints Committee". www.ipso.co.uk. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  47. ↑ "Two new advisors to help tackle violence". BBC News. 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  48. ↑ Afzal, Nazir (15 May 2015). "The Muslim women fighting radicalisation". BBC News. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  49. ↑ "Annual Report and Financial Statements" (PDF). Thames Valley University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  50. ↑ "Hopwood Hall :: Hopwood Hall College appoint Nazir Afzal OBE as Chair of the Corporation Board". www.hopwood.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  51. ↑ Parveen, Nazia (6 December 2018). "Tommy Robinson threatened with legal action over 'bully' video". The Guardian . Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  52. ↑ "About the CSSA: Mr Nazir Afzal OBE". catholicsafeguarding.org.uk. Catholic Church in England and Wales. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  53. ↑ "Bishops appoint former top prosecutor to lead safeguarding agency". Catholic Bishops' Conference. 18 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2023.
  54. ↑ "Mediator brought in to resolve Birmingham LGBT teaching dispute". The Guardian. 6 May 2019.
  55. ↑ "Birmingham LGBT school row: Protest parents 'manipulated'". BBC News. 30 May 2019.
  56. ↑ Gibb, Frances (18 October 2023). "With more prosecution cuts, the future is bleak, says Nazir Afzal" – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
  57. ↑ "Is CPS on 'brink of collapse'?". BBC News. 15 September 2015.
  58. ↑ "Former Chief Prosecutor thinks rape has "effectively been decriminalised"". LBC.
  59. ↑ "Government 'warned of risk' of terrorists released from prison". East London and West Essex Guardian Series. 30 November 2019.
  60. ↑ "Queen's List" (PDF). The National Archives. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2006. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  61. 1 2 Keeling, Neal (6 March 2015). "Nazir Afzal resigns as region's top prosecutor". men. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  62. ↑ "University of Central Lancashire – Honorary Fellows" . Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  63. ↑ "Winners honoured at British Muslim Awards". Asian Image. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
  64. ↑ "Nazir Afzal. Honorary Degree speech". University of Birmingham.
  65. ↑ "Nazir Afzal Official Website - Biography". Nazir Afzal OBE.
  66. ↑ "Foundation Day (The University of Manchester)". www.socialresponsibility.manchester.ac.uk. 3 November 2020.
  67. ↑ "Leicester honorary graduates announced for 2019". le.ac.uk. 18 July 2019.
  68. ↑ "Nazir Afzal: A great privilege to receive an Honorary Doctorate in Law from @uniofleicester in beautiful Leicester celebrating with the other fine graduates today". Twitter.
  69. ↑ "Three Girls: what really happened in the Rochdale sex abuse scandal?". The Telegraph. 19 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  70. ↑ "My brother died from Covid, I wasn't able to go to his funeral' – former prosecutor Nazir Afzal on Cummings lockdown row". Channel 4 News. 26 May 2020.
  71. ↑ Afzal, Nazir (16 April 2020). The Prosecutor. Random House. ISBN   9781473571488.
  72. ↑ Scorer, Richard. "Book review: The Prosecutor: One man's pursuit of justice for the voiceless". New Law Journal.
  73. ↑ Urwin, Rosamund. "The Prosecutor: One Man's Pursuit of Justice for the Voiceless by Nazir Afzal review — taking on the gender terrorists".
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.