Amauropelta | |
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Amauropelta globulifera in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii Island | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Division: | Polypodiophyta |
Class: | Polypodiopsida |
Order: | Polypodiales |
Suborder: | Aspleniineae |
Family: | Thelypteridaceae |
Subfamily: | Thelypteridoideae |
Genus: | Amauropelta Kunze [1] |
Species | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Amauropelta is a monophyletic genus of fern, the largest within the Thelypteridaceae family, with 233 species (Almeida et al. 2016; [2] Salino et al. 2015; [3] Fawcett & Smith [4] 2021). The center of diversity of the genus is in the Neotropics, but the earliest-divergent lineages are from the Old World.
The genus Amauropelta is very similar morphologically to the other two genera of the amaropeltoid clade: Coryphopteris and Metathelypteris, differing of the first basically by the lack of sessile, resinous, reddish glands on the lamina between veins (except in the A. resinifera group) and of the second by the veins running to the margins.
Within the Thelypteridaceae on the Neotropics region is quite easy morphologically recognisable by the pairs of gradually reduced proximal pinnae, that vary between to few to many, depends on the species case and the veins is usually prominent abaxially and adaxially, lowermost pair from adjacent segments running to margin just above sinus between adjacent lobes, rarely running to sinus (A. linkiana), never united to form excurrent veins that run to sinuses, veins ending at pinna margins.
Outside of the amauropeltoid clade and in the Old World region, Amauropelta spp. are similar to the more distantly related to the Pseudocyclosorus, which also has free veins, and many pairs of gradually reduced proximal pinnae.
Amauropelta is subdivided into four subgenera: Amauropelta, Parathelypteris, Nibaa and Venus.
Subgenera Amauropelta S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm
Amauropelta subgenera Amauropelta is the largest with 223 species (listed below) and could be distinguished from others (Parathelypteris, Nibaa and Venus) by x = 29, and rhizomes typically erect.
Subgenera Nibaa S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm
Amauropelta subgenera Nibaa is composed of two species (listed below) and could be distinguished from others (Parathelypteris, Nibaa and Venus) it may be distinguished by glands yellow to colorless (vs. amber resinous orange-yellow to reddish), x = 31.
Subgenera Parathelypteris S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm
Amauropelta subgenera Parathelypteris is composed of six species (listed bellow) and could be distinguished from others (Parathelypteris, Nibaa and Venus) by proximal pinnae typically abruptly- or little reduced and by the biogeographical distribution (East Asia), x= 27,31.
Subgenera Venus S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm
Amauropelta subgenera Venus is composed of two species (listed bellow) x= 31.
Thelypteridaceae is a family of about 900 species of ferns in the order Polypodiales. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016, it is placed in the suborder Aspleniineae. Alternatively, the family may be submerged in a very broadly defined family Aspleniaceae as the subfamily Thelypteridoideae.
Cheilanthes, commonly known as lip ferns, is a genus of about 180 species of rock-dwelling ferns with a cosmopolitan distribution in warm, dry, rocky regions, often growing in small crevices high up on cliffs. Most are small, sturdy and evergreen. The leaves, often densely covered in trichomes, spring directly from the rootstocks. Many of them are desert ferns, curling up during dry times and reviving with the coming of moisture. At the ends of veins sporangia, or spore-bearing structures, are protected by leaf margins, which curl over them.
Cyathea is a genus of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales.
Pleopeltis is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus widely distributed in tropical regions of the world, and also north into temperate regions in eastern North America and eastern Asia. Several species are known by the common name scaly polypody and resurrection fern.
Campyloneurum is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). They are commonly known as strap ferns.
Pecluma is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). They are called rockcap ferns.
Tectaria is a genus of fern in the family Tectariaceae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016. Halberd fern is a common name for species in this genus.
Thelypteris is a genus of ferns in the subfamily Thelypteridoideae, family Thelypteridaceae, order Polypodiales. Two radically different circumscriptions of the genus are in use as of January 2020. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016, the genus is a very small one with about two species. In other approaches, the genus is the only one in the subfamily Thelypteridoideae, and so includes between 875 and 1083 species.
Hypolepis (beadfern) is a genus of ferns described as a genus in 1806. The word is derived from Greek, meaning "under scale". It is found in tropical and subtropical regions, primarily in the New World but also in the Old World and on various oceanic islands.
Lellingeria is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
Christella is a genus of around 70-80 species of ferns in the subfamily Thelypteridoideae of the family Thelypteridaceae in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016. Other sources sink Christella into a very broadly defined genus Thelypteris. The genus was named after Konrad H. Christ, a Swiss botanist. The distribution of these plants is mostly in the tropics and sub tropical areas. An Australian example is C. dentata.
Pronephrium is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae in the family Thelypteridaceae, subfamily Thelypteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016. Other sources sink Pronephrium into a very broadly defined genus Thelypteris. Some species were split off into the genera Abacopteris, Grypothrix and Menisciopsis in 2021 as a result of a phylogenetic study of the family Thelypteridaceae.
Parablechnum is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, subfamily Blechnoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016. The genus is accepted in a 2016 classification of the family Blechnaceae, but other sources sink it into a very broadly defined Blechnum, equivalent to the whole of the PPG I subfamily.
Goniopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Thelypteridaceae, subfamily Thelypteridoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016. Other sources sink Goniopteris into a very broadly defined genus Thelypteris.
Stigmatopteris is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Polybotryoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016.
Megalastrum is a genus of ferns in the family Dryopteridaceae, subfamily Elaphoglossoideae, in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016. The genus has around 100 species, mainly found in tropical America and Africa.
Serpocaulon is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Polypodioideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). The genus is native to Northern and Southern America.