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The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period 201.4 million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately 145 Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic Era and is named after the Jura Mountains, where limestone strata from the period were first identified.
Carpet sharks are sharks classified in the order Orectolobiformes. Sometimes the common name "carpet shark" is used interchangeably with "wobbegong", which is the common name of sharks in the family Orectolobidae. Carpet sharks have five gill slits, two spineless dorsal fins, and a small mouth that does not extend past the eyes. Many species have barbels.
Chimaeras are cartilaginous fish in the order Chimaeriformes, known informally as ghost sharks, rat fish, spookfish, or rabbit fish; the last three names are not to be confused with rattails, Opisthoproctidae, or Siganidae, respectively.
Temnodontosaurus is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the Early Jurassic period. They lived between 200 and 175 million years ago (Hettangian-Toarcian) in what is now Western Europe and possibly Chile. It lived in the deeper areas of the open ocean. University of Bristol paleontologist Jeremy Martin described the genus Temnodontosaurus as "one of the most ecologically disparate genera of ichthyosaurs," although the number of valid Temnodontosaurus species has varied over the years.
Tanyderidae, sometimes called primitive crane flies, are long, thin, delicate flies with spotted wings, superficially similar in appearance to some Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, and Ptychopteridae. Most species are restricted in distribution. They are found in many parts of the world, including North America, South America, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and various islands in the Pacific Ocean. Adults are usually found hanging from vegetation near streams. Larvae are found either in sandy stream margins or in wet, rotten wood. Fossil species are known.
Stenopterygius is an extinct genus of thunnosaur ichthyosaur known from Europe.
Rhomaleosaurus is an extinct genus of Early Jurassic rhomaleosaurid pliosauroid known from Northamptonshire and from Yorkshire of the United Kingdom. It was first named by Harry Seeley in 1874 and the type species is Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni. It was one of the earliest large marine reptile predators which hunted in the seas of Mesozoic era, with the type species R. cramptoni measuring 6.7–7 metres (22–23 ft) long and weighing 2.1 metric tons. Like other pliosaurs, Rhomaleosaurus fed on ichthyosaurs, ammonites and other plesiosaurs.
Steneosaurus is a dubious genus of teleosaurid crocodyliform from the Middle or Late Jurassic of France. The genus has been used as a wastebasket taxon for thalattosuchian fossils for over two centuries, and almost all known historical species of teleosauroid have been included within it at one point. The genus has remained a wastebasket, with numerous species still included under the label ‘Steneosaurus’, many of which are unrelated to each other.
Welcommia is an extinct genus of shark. It contains only three species :-
Synechodontiformes is an extinct order of prehistoric sharks, known from the Permian to the Paleogene. They are considered to be members of Neoselachii, the group that contains modern sharks and rays. Their placement in the group is uncertain, some authors have considered them to be galeomorph crown-group sharks, while others have considered them to represent a stem-group to modern sharks. They have sometimes been considered a paraphyletic grouping, but Klug (2010) recovered the group as monophyletic. Members of the clade are united by two synapomorphies, "pseudopolyaulacorhize tooth root pattern present; labial root depression in basal view present". The oldest possible member of the clade are teeth from the early Permian (Cisuralian) of the Ural Mountains.
Paracestracion is an extinct genus of heterodontid sharks from Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous-aged rocks of England, France, Germany and Luxembourg. The genus, first described in 1911 by Ernst Hermann Friedrich von Koken in Karl Alfred von Zittel, contains five species: P. bellis from the Bathonian of England, the type species P. falcifer from the Tithonian and Kimmeridgian of Weymouth, England and Solnhofen, Germany, which was originally named as a species of Cestracion in 1857 by Johann Andreas Wagner, P. pectinatus from the Valanginian of France, P. sarstedtensis, originally classified as a species of Heterodontus, from the Toarcian and Aalenian of Germany, and P. viohli from the Tithonian-aged Painten Formation of Germany, with a sixth indeterminate species known from the Toarcian-aged Variabilis layer of the La Couche à Crassum of Luxembourg.
The Kandreho Formation is an Early Jurassic geological formation of the Mahajanga Basin of Madagascar. The marly limestones of the formation were deposited in a subtidal lagoonal environment. The formation overlies the Bouleiceras and Spiriferina beds of the early Toarcian and has been correlated to the Marrat Formation of Saudi Arabia. Fossils of the marine crocodylian Andrianavoay as well as bivalves and the ammonite Nejdia have been found in the formation. The name Kandreho Formation was proposed by Geiger in 2004.
Acanthorhina is an extinct genus of chimaera from the Toarcian age of the Jurassic period. It currently contains a single species, A. jaekeli known from the Posidonia shale of Holzmaden, Germany.
Asterodermus is an extinct genus of guitarfish from the Jurassic Period. A single species, A. platypterus, is described. It is known mainly from the early Tithonian of Germany, including the famous Lagerstätte site of Solnhofen. Additionally, Asterodermus scales have been found among articulated skeletons of neoselachians from the Tithonian of southern Germany.
Bathytheristes is an extinct genus of Chimaera from the late Early Jurassic epoch of the Jurassic Period. Its name roughly translates to "Reaper of the deep." It is known from a single species, B. gracilis. It was discovered in the early Toarcian-aged Posidonia Shale Formation of Ohmden, Germany. The specific epithet refers to the slender of the tooth plate in this species. It is related to the modern Elephantfish.
Rhomphaiodon is an extinct genus of prehistoric sharks in the order Synechodontiformes that has been found in Late Triassic and Early Jurassic deposits located in Europe. The type species R. minor was originally named as a species of Hybodus in 1837 by Louis Agassiz. A second species, R. nicolensis, was added when the genus was named in 1993.
Orthophlebiidae is an extinct family of scorpionflies known from the Triassic to Cretaceous, belonging to the superfamily Panorpoidea. The family is poorly defined and is probably paraphyletic, representing many primitive members of Panorpoidea with most species only known from isolated wings, and has such been considered a wastebasket taxon.
Protorthophlebia is an extinct genus of scorpionflies, known from the Triassic and Jurassic periods of Eurasia. It was originally considered a member of the family Orthophlebiidae, but was later placed as the only genus within the family Protorthophlebiidae within the superfamily Panorpoidea.
Geinitziidae is an extinct family of polyneopteran insects, known from the Permian to Cretaceous. They are currently considered to be members "Grylloblattida" a poorly defined group of extinct insects thought to be related to modern ice crawlers (Grylloblattidae). Other authors place them in the extinct order Reculida. Unlike modern ice crawlers, which are wingless, they had large wings, bearing a superficial resemblance to cockroaches, and are thought to have been day-active above ground predators.
References
- ↑ "Fossilworks: Annea". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ↑ "Mindat.org". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
- ↑ Delsate, D., and D. Thies. 1995. Teeth of the fossil shark Annea Thies 1983 (Elasmobranchii, Neoselachii) from the Toarcian of Belgium. Belgian Geological Survey, Professional Paper 278: 45–64.
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