| Antonae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Antonae guttipes | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Family: | Membracidae |
| Tribe: | Ceresini |
| Genus: | Antonae Stål, 1867 |
| Type species | |
| Antonae tigrina Fairmaire, 1846 | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Antonae is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae. [1] [2] [3]
Members of Antonae are about 6.9 to 10.2 millimetres in size, usually yellowish in color, often with black spots or black with yellow spots. [4] The Pronotum is divided by a constriction. The frontal part is rounded and often has lateral spines. The rear part is rounded and relatively thick. Similarly humpbacked Membracidae belong to e.g. Ilithucia , Parantonae and Lallemandia . [5] The genus Illithucia has at times been regarded as a synonym of Antonae (e.g. in the catalog of Membracidae [6] ), but more recently is again considered a separate genus, [7] and several species have been exchanged between them.
The genus is found in the Neotropics, in northern South America, Central America and Mexico. A relatively large number of species are known from Colombia. [8] Only recently, a species from Brazil was described for the first time. [9] Some species occur at relatively high altitudes (3000 to 4000 m) where they are associated with plants of the genus Espeletia. [5] However, others also occur in lowland rainforests of the lowlands (e.g. Antonae guttipes). [10]
The adults are mostly solitary, sometimes nymphs with adults have been found in groups under leaves or on the tops of plants. The larvae are very well camouflaged with the hairy coat of the plants. They live almost exclusively on plants of the families Asteraceae and Solanaceae, where they feed on phloem. [8]
These 14 species belong to the genus Antonae: [1]
Other selected affiliated species:
Telingana is a genus of membracid tree hoppers found in Asia. They lay solitary eggs and the young do not aggregate as in some membracids. The genus was described by William Lucas Distant in 1908. Several species have been described in the genus including:
The buffalo treehopper is a species of treehopper belonging to the subfamily Smiliinae. It is sometimes classified as Ceresa bisonia.
Calyptoproctus is a genus of planthoppers in the family Fulgoridae; records are from Central and South America.
Micrutalis is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae. There are at least 30 described species in Micrutalis.
Smiliinae is a subfamily of treehoppers in the family Membracidae. These are bugs and include about 100 genera in 10 tribes.
Bocydium is a genus of insects in the treehopper family, Membracidae. A 1999 classification identified 14 species in the genus, distributed around the Neotropics.
Archasia is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae.
Membracis is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae. There are more than 50 described species in Membracis.
Enchenopa is a genus of treehoppers in the family Membracidae. There are more than 50 described species in Enchenopa.
Trachytalis isabellina is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae.
Trachytalis distinguenda is a species of treehopper in the family Membracidae.
Cladonota is a genus of neotropical treehoppers widespread from Mexico to South America. They are known for their elaborate pronotum shapes, hypothesized to play a role in camouflage or mate recognition, although their function is not yet known with certainty. Previously described as a subgenus of Sphongophorus, it was recognized as a genus of its own right in 1997 after the latter was synonymized with Hypsauchenia.
Anchon is a genus of treehoppers. The name is derived from Greek: ἀγκών referring to the characteristic bend in the backward facing horn that arises vertically from the pronotum and turns at a near-right-angle over the abdomen. Two anterior horns rise outwards to the sides in many species. Species in the genus are found in the Afrotropical, Palearctic, and Indomalayan regions. They are placed in the subfamily Centrotinae.
Amastris is a genus of treehoppers belonging to the family Membracidae. It has 71 described species.
Neotynelia is a genus of treehoppers belonging to the family Membracidae. It is found in South and Central America.
Tragopa is a genus of treehoppers. It belongs to the tribe Tragopini in the subfamily Smiliinae. It contains 41 species. It was described by Pierre André Latreille in 1829.
Adippe is a genus of treehoppers belonging to the tribe Polyglyptini, in the subfamily Smiliinae, that contains 8 species.
Lycoderes is a genus of treehoppers belonging to the subfamily Stegaspidinae. It was first described by the German entomologist Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1835, and contains 18 species.
Alchisme is a genus of treehoppers within the family Membracidae. Members of this genus can be found in Central and South America.
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